• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.418-427
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• 2016

A smart parking management requires to track a vehicle in a indoor parking lot and to detect the place where the vehicle is parked. An advanced parking system watches all space of the parking lot with CCTV cameras. We can use these cameras for vehicles tracking and detection. In order to cover a wide area with a camera, a fisheye lens is used. In this case the shape and size of an moving vehicle vary much with distance and angle to the camera. This makes vehicle detection and tracking difficult. In addition to the fisheye lens, the vehicle headlights also makes vehicle detection and tracking difficult. This paper describes a method of realtime vehicle detection and tracking robust to the harsh situation described above. In each image frame, we update the region of a vehicle and estimate the vehicle movement. First we approximate the shape of a car with a quadrangle and estimate the four sides of the car using multiple histograms of oriented gradient. Second we create a template by applying a distance transform to the car region and estimate the motion of the car with a template matching method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2008

In this paper, ultrasonic range system which detects parking lot in parking area is studied. The important part for detecting parking lot accurately is to detect the first and second corners of possible parking lot, and for that, new method using multiple echo function is introduced in this paper. Many probabilistic methods have been used to reduce uncertainties of ultrasonic sensor for distance and location of objects. Method using multiple echo, however, gives accurates results as well as simple algorithm. For experiments in parking space, ultrasonic range system was attached to a Pioneer AT-2 and final parking space map was created in a fusion with position information from wheels of a Pioneer AT-2. We will show the results are compared with error of another methods.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.654-662
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• 2016

With the advent of autonomous cars, we explored the problems which will soon arise while parking in car parks. These include structure of parking lot suitable for autonomous cars, finding the closest parking slot available, and navigation to the location. We provide an initial solution, wherein we use a central server and the graph of the parking lot to guide cars to the closest parking slots available. Our experiments have shown that the proposed method is effective for the controlled parking for self-driving cars.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1443-1450
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent parking dispatching system based on LoRa network technology. During the local festival, many tourists come into the festival site simultaneously after sunset. To handle the traffic jam and parking dispatching, many traffic management staffs are engaged in the main road to guide the cars to available parking lots. Nevertheless, the traffic problems are more serious at the peak time of festival. Such parking dispatching problems are complex and real-time traffic information dependent. We used Queuing theory to predict inbound traffics and to measure parking service performance. Q-learning algorithm is used to find fastest routes and dispatch the vehicles efficiently to the available parking lots.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.388-396
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• 2007

In this paper, a ubiquitous parking management system(UPMS) using sensor network is proposed. Ubiquitous parking management system provides information on free space in the parking lot through PDA or cellular phone connected to wireless LAN. For the implementation of UPMS, we have developed sensor node, sensor application and web server application. The proposed system periodically updates parking space data and monitors in real-time according to the user's request from the personal internet device. Collected parking data are stored onto the database for further analysis. The implemented UPMS system was installed on campus parking lot using 10 sensor nodes and we successfully demonstrated its feasibility by accessing the web server from out of the campus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2014

Recently, due to advances in both imaging technology and ICT, various types of image processing services became available and the application services of these two technologies are diversifying. Recognition of vehicle license plates is used in places where vehicle information is needed such as in parking management. However, existing systems have economic disadvantages like issuing parking tickets and attaching unnecessary equipment. In order to solve these problems, we designed and implemented automatic parking management system through recognition of vehicle license plates by using emguCV that is based on OpenCV. Additionally, we designed improved UI to handle the entire parking management situation which include information such as details of each parking vehicle, parking time and remaining parking spaces without screen movement. This improved UI is implemented with the use of WPF which is the latest technology in user program development. The emguCV used in this paper showed the most optimized performance in Intel based environment. With it, we obtained the result of within 0.5 seconds of recognition processing time and over 90% of recognition rate. Through improved UI, the manager could both simply and intuitively manage the entire system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1037-1045
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• 2007

An efficient management system for parking lots and traffic monitoring in a metropolitan city is a very important issue, which is tightly closed to qualify of life. While a residential permit parking program has been contributing to resolve the lack of parking places, there has been no autonomous authentication system due to no apparent entrance gate and smallness of each parking zone. In this paper, we propose and implement an authentication system for residential permit parking lot using wireless sensor networks, which is cost-effective and even no need for additional managing person. Through the experimental evaluation, we analyzed relationship between the life time of sensor nodes and the various values of sleep periods to minimize power consumption of the nodes, and also showed that the difference of luminance sensed by each sensor node is at least 45 or bigger between when the parking place is occupied or not, resultingly it can be used to decide whether a parking place is occupied or not by simply detecting the change of luminance sensed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide information on how to expend participation in and raise awareness of the Green Parking Project. A survey was conducted for this study among two groups. One group consisted of 38 residents of the Green Parking Zone in Nam-gu, Ulsan, and the other group consised 129 residents with no experience with the Green Parking Project. For analysis, the frequency and means were calculated, and t-test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test were performed. The results showed, first, that general residents tended to think that parking on the street in front of one's house is a divine right, while residents living the Green Parking Zone thought that the street is a public space. Second, general residents regarded fences as means of security to protect their private property, while people living in the Green Parking Zone tended to think of their yards as semi-private spaces and allowed access to neighbors. Third, general residents had concerns about maintenance and administration fees, noise and dust, security of houses, and privacy. However, residents of the Green Parking Zone evaluated those conditions positively. Fourth, people who were well-informed about the Green Parking Project had low anxiety about security and invasion of privacy, results from the project. Therefore, effective public relations are very important for expanding participation and raising awareness.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2002

In this paper, we have designed and implemented lamp control system in underground parking place using WWW. The proposed system consists of lamp control system which is connected by RS-485 communication bus and monitoring system (WebPL) which can provide web interface using the web server. The lamp control system is controlled through a user command within the monitoring system (WebPL), senses moving object and turns lamps in underground parking place on or off. The monitoring system displays the status values of on or off received from lamp control system on the web browser and can real-timely control lamps in underground parking place on the web browser. 

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2009

In this paper, we show the implementation of the low-cost RF transceiver module for parking control system. Super regenerative receiver scheme was adopted for this module due to its simplicity, low-cost, low power consumption and small number of components to improve reliability of the systems. For improving communication error rate by collision and in-band noise, dual-channel hopping scheme was adopted. Testing prototypes under the environment of simultaneous transmissions, we verified that the designed scheme is able to improve the success rate of data transmission of wireless parking control system cost effectively.