• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.547-558
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify a couple's parental efficacy combination and, then, analyze parental role-sharing and parenting stress according to this combination type. The subjects were 307 couples who have a child in 1st or 2nd grade. The main results were as follows: First, fathers and mothers, as a group, did not differ in terms of parental efficacy. Secondly, some demographic variables related to parental efficacy. Thirdly, there are more couples who have similar levels of parental efficacy than those who have different levels of parental efficacy. Fourth, no significant difference in parental role-sharing was found among the 4 types of couple's parental efficacy. Fifth, mothers had low parental stress when both of the couple had high levels of parental efficacy while fathers perceived low parental stress if only he, himself, had a high level of parental efficacy.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.120-128
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the perception of parental sex role held by university students and to examine differences in perception of parental sex role according to student characteristics. Method: The participants were 336 university students in Gangreung city. The instrument of parental sex role was developed by the researcher and consisted of 3 subcategories; general parent role, parental sex role as a father and parental sex role as a mother. Results: The most positive item of parental sex role as a father is 'the Father's role is teaching about the value of society'. The most positive item of parental sex role as a mother is 'the Mother's role is to be a counselor or friend'. There were significant differences in perception of a father's role according to sex, type of college, fathers who lived with student during childhood, the relationship with the parent, the plan of marriage & having a child, responsibility of childrearing, and the need for education for the parental role. There were significant differences in perception of the mother's role according to sex, grade, type of college, birth order, type of family, persons who lived with student during childhood, the relationship with the parent, plan of marriage & having a child, responsibility of child-rearing, and the need for education for the parental role. Conclusion: The parental sex role changes overtime. Thus, it is important to identify university student's perception of parental sex roles as pre-parent preparation for parenting.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.441-450
• /
• 2016

This study examined how parental role stress, family cohesion, and family adaptation of mothers who have adolescent children influenced parental efficacy. The subjects were 739 mothers of 370 junior high school and 369 senior high school children. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis after analyzing the data. The results of the study were as follows. First, mothers with high incomes, high educational level, and children with high school grades saw an increase in parental efficacy. Second, there were significant positive correlations in parental role stress, family cohesion, family adaptation and the parental efficacy of mothers. Third, the results of this study showed that parental role stress, family cohesion, and family adaptation were factors to understand the parental efficacy of mothers. Family cohesion was also an important factor to understand the parental efficacy of mothers. The findings confirm that the anxiety of parental role stress for mothers who have adolescent children is not a negative factor in regards to lower parental efficacy. The findings suggest that parental education programs for mothers of adolescent children and a required social welfare system for parental roles was not recognized as a stress factor.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.170-179
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe the perception on the importance of parental role by mothers with infants, and to analyze the differences of those perception depending on the mothers' and infants' characteristics. Method: Data were collected from 240 mothers of infants visited at one public health center in Gangreung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify the parental role. Results: The mean score for perception on the importance of parental role was 139.89, and item mean for caring performance ability domain 4.43, environmental organization for development domain 4.38, acceptance domain 4.26, responsibility domain 4.21점, knowledge for caring domain 4.19, sensitivity 4.16, provision of stimulus and involvement 4.01. There were significant differences in the perception of parental role according to spouse relationship, father's participation in child rearing, experience of parental role education, and infant's temperament. Conclusion: The experience of childhood is highly affected by the quality of the parental role. It is important to identify parents' perception of parental role. Therefore, the parental role education program are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2011

This study explored the effects of parenting efficacy and parental role satisfaction on the life-satisfaction of employed and unemployed mothers. The 527 mothers(234 employed, and 277 unemployed), with a child under 7 years old, were selected for this study. The results were as follows. First, employment had significant correlations with several factors, including the number of children, family income, educational level of parents, parent-child relations, preparedness for parental role conflict, and life-satisfaction. Second, for employed mothers, life-satisfaction had positive relationships with various factors, including family income, fathers' educational level, parenting efficacy, and parental role satisfaction; whereas, that of unemployed mothers had positive relationships with parenting efficacy, and parental role satisfaction. Third, for employed mothers, life-satisfaction was affected by several factors, such as family income, parental role satisfaction, parent-child relations, and preparedness for parental role conflict; however, unemployed mothers were affected by the number of children, the fathers' educational level, and self-confidence relating to the parental role, general satisfaction, and preparedness for parental role conflict.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.125-150
• /
• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the parental role that men experience during parental leave. From the moment when a man decides to take parental leave, to his experiences during parental leave, and to the father's role that lasts until after reinstatement, this course will be examined. Methods: The subjects of this study were five fathers who were taking parental leave. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews done on Zoom, telephone calls and e-mail. Results: The results are as follows. First, the motive for the father's decision to take parental leave was that he wanted to take a break from work and to spend time with his children. Second, the father had experiences of a caregiver and secure-base for his ones. Also, he experienced intergenerational transmission of his parental role. Third, the father's role was maintained even after parental leave. Conclusion/Implications: The decision to take parental leave was a process of conformation of one's own decision. The parental role of the father was experienced through daily life and interaction with his children. And that continued even after parental leave.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study aims to examine the level of parental perceptions and practices on parental role responsibilities for children enrolled in preschools and to verify the differences. Methods: A total of 301 parents whose children were attending preschools participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, factor analysis, and reliability. In addition, the t-test and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) were performed. Results: First, there are relatively high levels of perception and practices of parental role responsibilities. Second, parental perception of parental role responsibilities is higher than the level of actual performance. Third, although parents were highly aware of their role responsibilities, there is a great expectation of the role of preschools for the development of the social competence of children. Fourth, parents value the level of practice of role responsibilities in preschools relatively high. Conclusion/Implications: Support systems are needed to reduce the gap between parental perception and practice of their role responsibilities for children enrolled in preschools.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2000

Parental satisfaction is the foundation of a happy family. It is a key factor in overall life satisfaction and also a critical variable in the development of children, and thus an education program aimed at parental satisfaction improvement is needed. This study attempts to determine basic elements of parental satisfaction that could enable better parental education programs. To accomplish this, mother's parental satisfaction and factors related to it were examined. The subjects were 641 mothers of primary school and middle school students aged 10, 12, and 14 residing in Seoul, Pohang and Kwangyang. Structured self-administered questionnaires were used to ascertain mothers' parental role satisfaction, mothers' role values, children related variables, mother related variables, father related variables, and home environment variables. The findings indicate that the variables related to parental satisfaction are multi-dimensional, that mothers' parental satisfaction can be improved by other family member's effort, and that a family's external characteristics are less important than its internal characteristics. These results imply that it is essential to include the characteristics of the family system when designing parental education programs. Furthermore, the role of specific family members, namely the husband, should be expanded in more supportive ways in Korean families to improve mothers parental satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.81-101
• /
• 2010

The purposes of this study were: (a) to examine the relationship between parental/occupational role reconstruction and psychological well-being in middle and old age, (b) to investigate the psychological factors to affect parental/occupational roles reconstruction. The role reconstruction was measured as the extent to obsess with parental and occupational role in transition. Mail survey was conducted on 378 Japanese married men and women in ages between 50 and 69. As results, the hypothetical pathway was identified in women as follows. The obsession with parental and occupational roles raised parental and occupational role loss anxiety. And both of role loss anxiety lower psychological well-being. For men, obsessed with the occupational role was significantly influenced by autonomy, gender role attitude, social support network. For women, gender role attitude significantly influenced on occupational and parental role obsession, and social support networks had significant impact on parental role obsession. Results of this study were discussed in terms of the importance of role reconstruction in middle and old age, gender difference in role reconstruction according to gender role socialization.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.493-505
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to contribute to maternal nursing in the early postpartum stage and neonate nursing. Data were collected through self-report questionaires which were constructed to include perception of the newborn scale, parental role stress scale and anxiety scale. The subjects consisted of 81 mothers of preterm babies at seven hospitals in Seoul and Kyoungki-Do, from July 15 to September 30, 2000. Data were analysed by SPSS/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean of perception of the newborn in the early postpartum stage was 1.35. The mean of parental role stress was 10.78. The mean of anxiety of mother was 39.74. 2. There were significant positive correlation between parental role stress and anxiety of mothers. 3. There were not significant influencing general characteristics to perception of the newborn and parental role stress. General characteristics related to the level of anxiety were economic status, expectation of pregnancy, birthing order, newborn weight. The above findings indicated that the level of parental role stress and anxiety of preterm birth mothers were correlated. Therefore nursing intervention for reducing parental role stress and anxiety should be provided for preterm birth mothers.