• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to study the nature of gene effects for the leaf characters in flue-cured tobacco. The genetic populations were derived from crosses between NC 2326 and Mc Nair 373, and NC 628 and DG-72. The generation means experiment Included the Pl, P2. Fl, F2, Bl and B2, which were frown at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1984. Seedlings were transplanted to the field in a randomized block design with 3 replications. In each block, parental and Fl Plots contained 15 plants in a single row, F2, Bl and B2 plots being composed of 75 plant, in 5 rows. Leaf characters were measured of largest (middle leaf) and 5th leaf(top leaf) from the top after topping. Measurements of the length and width of leaf were obtained from the fresh the middle and top leaves, and weight of leaf, weight and width of midrib were from the satrap leaf after curing. Estimates of additive and dominance genetic variance were analyzed according to Gamble's biometrical model. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The additive gene effects were significant and larger than the dominance gene effects for all leaf and midrib characters in both stalk positions. 2. The dominance gene effects were significant for the length and width of leaf, and weight of midrib in the middle leaves. 3. The digenic epistatic effects were significant for the length and width of leaf in both stalk positions. 4. The additive gene effects were larger in the top than in the middle leaves and midrib characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 1987

A genetic study on the panicle characters in Oryza sativa was carried out by means of a 5 x 5 diallel cross. The five parental varieties were Raekyung, Yeongnamjosaeng, Nongbaek, Yushin and Honenwase. All characters were correlated positively each other, except number of kernels per primary branch. The number of secondary branches per primary branch.was the most effective factor in determining the number of kernels per panicle, the next being the number of primary branches per panicle. Regression analyses of the data of Vr/Wr indicated the presence of non-allelic gene interactions for all characters. Overdominant characters were the number of kernels per panicle, the number of primary branches per panicle, the number of secondary branches per primary branch, the number of kernels per primary branch and sum of kernels on all the tertiary branches per panicle, suggesting that the characters were more influenced by dominant effect than additive effect. However, the number of kernels per secondary branch was partially dominant where the genetic variation was due more to additive effect than to dominance effect. But after omitting the parent which had non-allelic interaction gene, the characters; the number of kernels per panicle, the number of secondary branches per primary branch, and the number of kernels per secondary branch, were partially dominant. Narrow sense heritabilities(h$^2$ N) in number of kernels per panicle and number of secondary branches were high and moderate, respectively, but those of the rest were lower. Mean squares of GCA and SCA of all characters, except SCA of the number of kernels per secondary branch, were highly significant. Effects of GCA were larger than SCA effects in all characters. Raekyung, Yushin and Nongbaek had highly positive GCA, and the best positive SCA was observed in crosses of Nongbaek x Tongillines (Raekyung, Yushin, and Yeongnamjosaeng) in all characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 1985

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the standard gravity in determining potential kernel size and to determine the effective sampling way by analyzing intra - and inter - plant variations for some source and sink characters using eleven semi-dwarf indica and three japonica cultivars including four semi-dwarf indica nearisogenic lines. Also, additional experiments were conducted to understand yearly variation and variety x year interaction effects for ten characters related to source and sink and to characterize the varietal difference of pre- and post-heading self-competition employing three parental varieties and their F$\sub$5/ progenies in 1982 and 1983. It is desirable to determine the potential kernel size by average kernel wight of rice grains showing above 1.15 specific gravity. There was significant difference in leaf area per tiller, spikelets and sink capacity per panicle among vigorous, intermediate and inferior tillers classified by differentiated order and vigorousness. Although it was difficult to find out any significant difference in grain-fill ratio, ratio of perfectly ripened grain, potential kernel size and sink/source ratio between vigorous and intermediate tillers, there was big difference between them and inferior one. The coefficients of variation within each tiller-group for some characters related to source and sink were larger with the order of vigorous tillers < intermediate one '||'&'||'lt; inferior one, and the average heritability of all characters, evaluated by the ratio of varietal variance (equation omitted) to total variance (equation omitted), were higher with the order of inferior tillers '||'&'||'lt; intemediate one '||'&'||'lt; superior one. Therefore, it is desirable to sample the vigorous tillers to represent the varietal difference of these traits. '82-'83 year variations of three parental cultivars were significant for all traits except for leaf area/tiller, panicles/hill, leaf area index and rough rice yield. The characters showing highly significant variance of variety x year interaction were growth duration from transplanting to heading, leaf area/tiller, sink/source ratio, sink capacity/panicle and grain yield. Generalized yearly response of three parental varieties (Suweon 264, Raegyeong, IR1317-70-l) and their F$\sub$5/ progenies on the 1st and 2nd principal components extracted from ten source and sink characters generally exhibited reduction in both source and sink. However, there were diverse variety x year interactions such as progenies showing similar reaction with their parents and intermediate or recombinational yearly response with little or considerable yearly movement on the four-dimensional planes of the two upper principal components between 1982 and 1983. Sink characters revealing highly significant border effect were grain-fill ratio, spikelets and sink capacity per panicle. Among them the latter two especially showed significant variety x border effect interaction. Self-competition characterized by relative weakness of inside plant's sink characters compared to the border one was more severe during the reproductive stage before heading than maturing stage. Though the larger sink capacity per panicle generally disclosed the severer self-competition, some lines (like Suweon 264) revealed severe self-competition with small sink capacity while a few others showed tender self-competition in spite of big sink capacity per panicle.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2010

A intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus uyekii and Acheilognathus signifer was collected in the Jojongcheon Bukhan River. The hybrid showed intermediate characteristics of two parental types in some key characters, such as color pattern of body, pigmentation of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, and body spot and stripe. In addition, the hybrid had a fairly large number of lateral line scales, while it lacked a barbel, which is known as a key intergeneric character. The probable occurrence of a natural hybrid is supported by a viable $F_1$ hybrid produced with the parental species.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

Morphometric characteristics of female red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel) and male black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker) hybrids is described. From the result of our study, the morphometric characters of hybrid may be 7 paternal-like, 2 maternal-like or even out of the range of parental species. The pigmentation of the hybrid is intermediate in some respects and resembles that of the parental species in others. This study of characterization in morphometric traits of the hybrids, red sea bream and black sea bream may be useful for distinguish of each genotype in commercial sea bream aquaculture.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

Characteristics of sex ratio and morphometric traits of induced allotriploid between female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and male cherry salmon, O. masou were performed. Sex ratios in both rainbow trout and cherry salmon were equally 1:1, while hybrid and allotriploid revealed higher proportion of male offspring (p<0.01). Body trait measurements of allotriploid in head hight/head length, length of dorsal fin base/body length and length of pectoral fin/body length were intermediate to their parental species, while in length of upper jaw/head length, allotriploid much more resembled that of rainbow trout. These facts proved that allotriploidization improved characters in sex ratio and morphometric traits compared to those o their parental species.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2014

A natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer was collected in their sympatric area, the Jucheongang (stream), the Namhangang (river), Korea. Morphological characters as well as mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene were investigated to confirm the natural hybrid origin. In the comparison of morphological characters, the natural hybrid appeared to have intermediate characters between two parental species in several key characters such as the band of dorsal fins, the color pattern of body, and the body spot and stripe. Also, the collected specimen had an incomplete lateral line with a large number of pored scales. In analysis of mt-cyb gene, it revealed that the maternal species of the natural hybrid appeared to be R. pseudosericeus due to their 100% sequence identity. Thus, such results gave convincing evidence for the occurrence of a natural intergeneric hybrid between Rhodeus pseudosericeus and Acheilognathus signifer.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2015

A natural hybrid between Acheilognathus signifer and A. lanceolatus was collected in their sympatric area, the Gimhwanamdaecheon of Hangang (River), Korea. Morphological characters, mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b), and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) were investigated to confirm the natural hybrid origin. As a result of morphological characters, the natural hybrid was appeared to have intermediate characters between two parental species in three characters; the band of dorsal fin, the color patterns of anal fin membrane, and the body color. In analysis of cyt b, it was revealed that the maternal species of the natural hybrid was appeared to be A. signifer due to their 99.9% sequence identity. Also, in analysis of RAG-1, an electropherogram of the hybrid individual displayed double peaks, strongly indicating its hybrid state.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

Cross and reciprocal hybrids from intrageneric crosses between Rhodeus uyekii and R. notatus were analyzed morphometrically using truss and classical dimensions, erythrocyte size using blood smears, and cytogenetically using flowcytometry, then compared with the parental species. Although the morphometric assessment based on body proportions indicated that the hybrids were generally intermediate between the maternal and paternal species, the morphometric characters of cross and reciprocal hybrids included at least 14 paternal-like and 7 maternal-like, and 13 paternal-like and 5 maternal-like characters, respectively (P<0.05). The pigmentation of the hybrids was intermediate in some respects, and resembled that of the parental species. The DNA content of the cross and reciprocal hybrids, based on flow cytometry analysis, was significantly different from the parental species. The characterization of morphometric traits and the cytogenetic analysis of hybrids of R. uyekii and R. notatus used in this study may be useful for distinguishing genotypes in commercial Acheilognathinae aquaculture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.640-649
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• 1996

This study was conducted to obtain fundamental informations necessary to breed forage sorghum at the field of the Livestock Experiment Station from 1988 to 1991. Heterosis was discussed in crossing groups of sorghum X sweet sorghum, sorghum X sudangrass, and (sorghum X sweet sorghum) X sudangrass. Leaf dry weight and stalk dry weight per plant in sweet sorghum crossing group, stalk dry weight per plant in sorghum X sudangrass crosses and leaf area per plant in three way crosses showed the greatest Heterobeltiosis(H$_{b}$). There were significant differences in plant height, stalk diameter and number of tillers per plant between sweet sorghum and sudangrass crosses. H$_{b}$ for total dry matter yield in sweet sorghum and sudangrass crosses were 45.9% and 95.0%, respectively. On the other hand, heterosis for total dry matter yield in three way crosses was smaller than H$_{b}$. There was no relationship between dry matter yield of parents and heterosis of hybrids in sweetsorghum crosses. However, positive correlations between parental yield and hybrid yields were observed. In sudangrass crosses, there were negative correlations between parental yields and heterosis of hybrids. However, no correlation between parental yields and hybrid yields were observed. In three way crosses, there were no correlations between parental yields and heterosis, and between parental yields and hybrids yields.