• Title/Summary/Keyword: parallel normal section

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Effect of Inlet Direction on the Refrigerant Distribution in an Aluminum Flat-Tube Heat Exchanger

  • Kim, Nae-Hyun;Kim, Do-Young;Byun, Ho-Won;Choi, Yong-Min
    • International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 2008
  • The refrigerant R-134a flow distributions are experimentally studied for a round header/ten flat tube test section simulating a brazed aluminum heat exchanger. Three different inlet orientations(parallel, normal, vertical) were investigated. Tests were conducted with downward flow for the mass flux from 70 to 130 $kg/m^2s$ and quality from 0.2 to 0.6. In the test section, tubes were flush-mounted with no protrusion into the header. It is shown that normal and vertical inlet yielded approximately similar flow distribution. At high mass fluxes or high qualities, however, slightly better results were obtained for normal inlet configuration. The flow distribution was worst for the parallel inlet configuration. Possible explanation is provided based on flow visualization results.

ESTIMATION OF SYSTEM RELIABLITY FOR REDUNDANT STRESS-STRENGTH MODEL

  • Choi, In-Kyeong
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.277-284
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    • 1998
  • The reliability and an estimate for it are derived for series-parallel and parallel-deries stress-strength model under assumption that all components are subjected to a common stress. We also obtain the asymptotic normal distribution of the estimate.

A Study on the Refrigerant Distribution in an Aluminum Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger Header (알루미늄 평행류 열교환기 헤더 내 냉매 분배에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Do-Young;Kim, Nae-Hyun;Kim, Su-Hwan;Byun, Ho-Won;Lee, Eul-Jong
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.1123-1128
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    • 2009
  • The refrigerant R-134a flow distributions are experimentally studied for a round header/ten flat tube test section simulating a brazed aluminum heat exchanger. Three different inlet orientations (parallel, normal, vertical) were investigated. Tests were conducted with downward flow for the mass flux from 70 to $130\;kg/m^2s$ and quality from 0.2 to 0.6. In the test section, tubes were flush-mounted with no protrusion into the header. It is shown that normal and vertical inlet yielded approximately similar flow distribution. At high mass fluxes or high qualities, however, slightly better results were obtained for normal inlet configuration. The flow distribution was worst for the parallel inlet configuration. Possible explanation is provided based on flow visualization results.

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Generic submanifolds of a quaternionic kaehlerian manifold with nonvanishing parallel mean curvature vector

  • Jung, Seoung-Dal;Pak, Jin-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.339-352
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    • 1994
  • A sumbanifold M of a quaternionic Kaehlerian manifold $\tilde{M}^m$ of real dimension 4m is called a generic submanifold if the normal space N(M) of M is always mapped into the tangent space T(M) under the action of the quaternionic Kaehlerian structure tensors of the ambient manifold at the same time.The purpose of the present paper is to study generic submanifold of quaternionic Kaehlerian manifold of constant Q-sectional curvature with nonvanishing parallel mean curvature vector. In section 1, we state general formulas on generic submanifolds of a quaternionic Kaehlerian manifold of constant Q-sectional curvature. Section 2 is devoted to the study generic submanifolds with nonvanishing parallel mean curvature vector and compute the restricted Laplacian for the second fundamental form in the direction of the mean curvature vector. As applications of those results, in section 3, we prove our main theorems. In this paper, the dimension of a manifold will always indicate its real dimension.

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GENERIC MINIMAL SUBMANIFOLDS WITH PARALLEL SECTION IN THE NORMAL BUNDLE IMMERSED IN A COMPLEX PROJECTIVE SPACE

  • Choe, Yeong-Wu;Ki, U-Hang;Kon, Masahiro
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 1994
  • In [2] we proved that if the minimum of the sectional curvature of a compact real minimal hypersurface of CP$^{m}$ is 1/(2m-1), then M is the geodesic hypersphere. This result was generalized in [8] to the case of M is a generic submanifold with flat normal connection. The purpose of the present paper is to prove a following generalization of theorems in [2] and [8].

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A Study on the Construction of CAD/CAM system ; for Machining of Sculptured Surface of Die (금형의 자유곡면 가공용 CAD/CAM SYSTEM 구축에 관한 연구)

  • Koo, Young-Hae;Lee, Dong-Ju;Namgung, Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.96-105
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    • 1992
  • A study on the construction of a CAD/CAM system operated by 16 Bit PC basic language, for machining sculptured surface of die, was carried out. The system consists of 2 steps i.e., process for geometric modelling by wire frame and process for machining data generation. Geometric modelling for sculptured surface is made by the point data fitting, parallel sweeping, normal sweeping and linear connection of cross section curve. Machining data are gained by cutter off-set of geometric model data and machining carried out by DNC. This system is to be proved enough for rough cutting by actual machining experiment. But, for becoming a high level system, another method of cutter off-set has to be regarded and system must be reconstructed by another program language.

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An Analog Experimental Model of the Formation Mechanism of Sedimentary Basins (퇴적분지형성 메커니즘에 관한 아날로그 모델 실험)

  • Kim, Woo-Seok;Jung, Jahe
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.397-409
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    • 2018
  • Izumi sedimentary basin (ISB), west of Shikoku, Japan, is widely distributed across the western side of the Sakuragi Bend of the Japan Median Tectonic Line (MTL). It is not obvious how the ISB formed, but this feature is similar to an asymmetric pull-apart basin. The stratigraphic succession and tuff layers show that ages tend to decrease toward the Sakuragi Bend. We investigate whether the ISB is an asymmetric pull-apart basin using analogue model experiments with running sand. A pull-apart basin of length 60 cm and width 20 cm is formed, and secondary normal faults appear on the surrounding surface. A cross-section parallel to the direction of displacement shows that the stratigraphic succession of the pull-apart basin becomes younger toward the releasing bend. A listric normal fault, which has the opposite dip to the master fault, is observed in a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of displacement. These results are consistent with the observed properties of the ISB west of Shikoku, thereby supporting the possibility that the ISB is an asymmetric pull-apart basin.

Self Field Effect Analysis of Bi-2223 Tape-Stacked-Cable With Constant Current Density Assumption

  • Nah, Wansoo;Joo, Jinnho
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, we analyze self field effects of Bi-2223 tape-stacked cable assuming constant current density in the cross section of stacked cable. Generally, the critical current of Bi-2223 tape-stacked-cable in much less than the total summation of critical currents of each tape, which is mainly due to the self magnetic fields of the cable itself. Therefore, to predict the critical current of Bi-2223 tape-stacked-cable, we needs to analyze the self filed effects on the stacked cable as well as critical current density data(J$\_$C/) of one tape. To make it more complex, the critical current degradation of Bi-2223 tape is an-isotropic; the critical current is lower in the normal magnetic field(to the tape surface) than in the parallel field. In the paper, a novel approach to predict the critical current of a Bi-2223 tape-stacked-cable from a J$\_$C/-B curve of one tape is presented with the assumption of constant current density across the stacked cable, The approach basically includes the load analysis of the stacked tapes, and its usefulness is confirmed by the experimental data.

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Observation of Papillary Tubercles on the Capsule of Swine Spleen : II. Histological Stuctures of Papillary Tubercles (돼지 비장표면(脾臟表面)의 유두양(乳頭樣) 결절(結節)에 관한 관찰(觀察) : II. 유두양(乳頭樣) 결정(結節)의 조직학적(組織學的) 구조(構造))

  • Kwak, Soo-dong
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.195-199
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    • 1986
  • The papillary tubercles (PTs) developed on the splenic capsule of normal Landrace pigs were collected and their histological structures were observed with light microscope. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The external features of the PTs were smooth spherical or oval form protruded on the splenic capsules. On cross section of PTs, the shapes were predominantly round or elliptical single follicular form, and were often multifollicular and irregular form in some PTs. 2. The PTs were interposed into the splenic capsule. Therefore the peripheral boundary of PT was consisted of splenic capsular tissue and this tissue was covered with mesothelium, The basal tissues of PT were consisted of thick connective tissue and smooth muscle of splenic capsule, and capsular foramen for transport tract between splenic parenchyma and the PT was found at the center of the basal boundary of PT. 3. The basal region of PT was composed of parenchyma and this tissue was the splenic red pulp but the central and peripheral regions of PT contained much more erythrocytes than in the splenic parenchymae. 4. The splenic parenchymae adjoining to PT contained more erythrocytes than in other splenic parenchymal regions and parallel fixed cells directed to the capsular foramen.

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