• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the physico-chemical properties of imported beef and Hanwo beef tenderloin steak in proximate composition, pH, myofibril Fragmentation Index (MFI), meat color, cooking loss, rheology and panel test by various cooking methods (grilling, pan-frying, oven-roasting and microwaving). moisture content of microwaving steak was lower than steak by other cooking method, and fat content of microwaving steak was higher than those of other cooking method was showed. In general, the pH values were increased with cooking, but there were no significant differences among pH values by various cooking method. The highest level of MFI in oven-roasting was showed, but no significant difference could be found among various cooking method. L* and b* -values of microwaving and pan-frying were higher than those of grilling and oven-roasting, also a* -value of microwaving was the lowest. Cooking loss was affected by cooking method. Microwaving method resulted in the highest cooking loss. Generally higher value of hardness and brittleness in microwaving than those of other cooking method were showed, and microwaving had the lowest cohesiveness, but there was no significant difference among the elasticity by the cooking method. Grilling, pan-frying and oven-roasting had high score of sensory evaluation, while microwaving had the lowest score in all sensory profile scores.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding dietary mugwort on the beef quality during 14 month(from 14 month to 27 month) with 32 heads of fattening Hanwoo. Fattening Hanwoos were randomly allotted 4 treatments(8 heads/treatment): C-1[(control(0%) of Hanwoo steers)], C-2[(control(0%) of Hanwoo heifers)], T-1(supplemented with mugwort powder 2.0% of Hanwoo steers), T-2(supplemented with mugwort powder 2.0% of Hanwoo heifers). The shear force value and water holding capacity(WHC) of longissimus muscle were the highest in T-1($3.20kg/0.5inch^2$, 54.32%) and cookingloss was in C-2(22.22%) than the others(p<0.05). However, panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor of longissimus muscle were the highest for T-1(5.20-5.50 point) between the treatment group. The total catechin and epicatechen in longissimus muscle were higher in treatment group(0.43-046 mg/kg, 0.056-0.065 mg/kg) than control group(0.23-0.25 mg/kg, 0.031-0.032 mg/kg)(p<0.05). The content of total fatty acid in longissimus muscle were oleic acid(48.45-47.56%), palmitic acid(29.67-28.86%), stearic acid(9.92-10.82%), palmitoleic acid and myristic acid(4.68-5.49%, 2.48-3.89%) of range. In conclusion, the effects of feeding dietary mugwort of Hanwoo steer were improved the quality beef with highly panel test scores(juiciness, tenderness, flavor) and physical-chemical characteristics(shear force value, WHC).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Fresh sea squirt meat requires a modified processing and preservation process because it has a short shelf life due to its high moisture content and strong proteolytic enzyme activity. In this study, bottled sea squirt meat prepared in vegetable oil (BSMO) to enhance the consumer acceptability was exposed to ${\gamma}$-ray (Co60, 10 kGy/h) irradiation to extend the shelf life without the use of a heating process. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal mixing ratio of BSMO containing 5% dehydrated fresh meat. Texture analysis and nutritional evaluation were also performed on a control and BSMO samples. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content and total cell count were measured to determine the shelf life of irradiated BSMO products during chilled storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. According to a panel of 10 trained tasters (aged 20-29 years), the optimal mixing formulation was 80 g meat in 60 mL of mixed vegetable oil (30 mL of olive oil and 30 mL of sesame oil). The highest rated formulation, according to a panel of nine trained tasters (aged ${\geq}30$ years), was 80 g meat in 60 mL of mixed vegetable oil (42 mL of olive oil and 18 mL of sesame oil). Moisture, ash, and protein contents in BSMO did not change significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the control. A higher lipid content ($0.84{\pm}0.23$ to $2.13{\pm}0.61$; P < 0.05) was observed due to the presence of vegetable oil on the surface of BSMO. The vegetable oil raised the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of BSMO. BSMO products remained edible after 50 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ based on the VBN content (BSMO 1: $27.92{\pm}0.96$ mg/100 g, BSMO 2: $24.84{\pm}1.95$ mg/100 g) and total cell count (BSMO 1: $4.60{\pm}0.80$ log CFU/mL, BSMO 2: $3.65{\pm}0.20$ log CFU/mL) when compared with standard levels of VBN (25.00 mg/100 g) and total cell count (5 log CFU/mL), respectively. The results showed that irradiated BSMO products could help to expand the processed seafood market and increase the popularity of seafood among the younger generations.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 2014

The enzymatic activity of Nuruk and the quality properties of Yakju were investigated according to different fungi. The fungi that were used in this study were Aspergillus kawachii KCCM 32819, Aspergillus niger KCCM 32005, Rhizopus japonicus KCCM 11604, Rhizopus oryzae KCCM 11272, Rhizopus oryzae KCCM 11273, Rhizopus oryzae KCCM 11276, and Mucor rouxii KCCM 60148. The study results are as follows. The saccharogenic power of Rhizopus oryzae KCCM 11272 Nuruk was the highest (3,647.72 SP/g) among all the samples. The ${\alpha}$-amylase production and protease activities were highest (3.76 DU and 4.7 tyrosine mg/min, respectively) in the Rhizopus japonicus KCCM 11604 Nuruk. The pH levels of the Yakju made with commercial Nuruk and Rhizopus japonicus KCCM 11604 Nuruk were 4.14 and 4.07, respectively. The total titratable acid content of the Yakju made with Rhizopus oryzae KCCM 11273 Nuruk was the highest (0.56%) among all the samples. Rhizopus japonicus KCCM 11604 and Rhizopus oryzae KCCM 11272 had the highest ethanol yields (15.18% and 15.10%, respectively). In the sensory evaluation carried out in this study, the panel preferred the Yakju made with Rhizopus japonicus KCCM 11604 Nuruk. Overall, however, the panel did not like the Yakju made with Aspergillus niger KCCM 32005 Nuruk.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2012

Background: Since Jan. 2012, for performance evaluation of viral reagents, analysis of domestic samples has been recommended in order to obtain approval from the KFDA when they are first introduced to Korea. This regulation requires the standard domestic materials driven from locally infected samples. We tried manufacturing the plasma working standards of HBV, HCV, and HIV NAT using a mixed titer of viral loads. Methods: Forty three HBV DNA positive plasmas, 25 HCV RNA positive plasmas, and 26 HIV RNA positive plasmas were evaluated according to viral load and genotype. Several plasma units, which had high-titer viral loads and the common viral genotypes in Korea, were selected as the source materials for each viral standard. To adjust the appropriate concentration based on the detectable range of variable viral reagents, the source plasma was diluted to several concentrations, divided into small vials, and analyzed for quantification. Results: The 13 plasma working standards, which had variable viral loads for the mixed titer performance panel of HIV, HCV, and HBV NAT, were produced. Conclusion: These national standard materials were first produced in order to supply the mixed titer performance panel for the viral NAT reagent of the level IV transfusion related high-risk group in Korea.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

The recent global warming may be estimated to give lots of impacts to the human society and biosphere of influencing climate change included by the natural climate variations through the human activity which can directly and/or indirectly play a major role of total atmospheric composition overall. Therefore it currently appears evidences such as hot wave, typhoon, and biosphere disturbance, etc. over the several regions to be influenced by global warming due to increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through inducing forest destruction, fossil fuel combustion, greenhouse gases emission, etc. since industrial revolution era. Through the working group report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for climate change was analyzed by the individual country's current status and figure out the important issues and problems related to the future trend of climate change science with advanced countries preparedness and research, In this study, the first working group report of IPCC focuses on those aspects of the current understanding of the physical science of climate change that are judged to be most relevant to policymakers. As this report was assessed and analyzed by including the progress of climate change science, the role of climate models and evolution in the treatment of uncertainties. This consists of the changes in atmospheric constituents(both aerosols and gases) that affect the radiative energy balance in the atmosphere and determine the Earth's climate, considering the interaction between biogeochemical cycles that affect atmospheric constituents and climate change, including aerosol/cloud interactions, the extensive range of observations snow available for the atmosphere and surface, for snow, ice, and frozen ground and for the oceans, respectively and changes in sea level, the paleoclimate perspective and assessment of evidence for past climate change and the extension, the ways in which physical processes are simulated in climate models and the evaluation of models against observed climate, the development plans and methods of improving expert and building manpower urgently and R&D fund expansion in detail for climate change science in Korea will be proposed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.557-579
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• 2021

Collective energy is an intermediate stage in energy conversion and has a great influence on the power structure as a distributed power source. However, the problem of the collective energy business has recently emerged due to the worsening profitability of some collective energy operators. This study measured the technical efficiency of major operators through the estimation of the production efficiency of Korean collective energy operators, and based on this, we looked at ways to improve the profit structure of operators. After collecting detailed data from 16 collective energy operators between 2016 and 2019, the production efficiency of operators was estimated using the panel stochastic frontier model. As a result of the estimation, combined steam power operators showed the highest production efficiency and reverse CHP operators showed the lowest efficiency. Furthermore, as a result of examining the factors influencing profitability, it was confirmed that production efficiency has a positive effect on overall profitability. However, businesses with a high proportion of heat production, such as small district electricity operators, profitability was lower. This phenomenon is due to the structural limitations of the current heat sales market. Hence, the adjustment of the heat sales unit price is necessary to improve profitability of collective energy operators.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.877-886
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• 2022

This study was carried out to analyze how the flow and water quality of the Sangsa Lake (juam control basin) change according to future climate change and what countermeasures are needed. Aquatic Ecosystem Model) was used in conjunction. As climate change scenarios, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios of AR5 (5th Assessment Report) according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were used. For the climate change scenario, detailed data on the Sangsa Lake basin were used by the Korea Meteorological Administration, and after being evaluated as a correction and verification process for the 10-year period from 2012 to 2021, the present, 2025-2036, 2045- The summer period from June to August and the winter period from December to February were analyzed separately for each year by dividing it into 2056 and 2075-2086. RCP 8.5 was higher than RCP 4.5 as an arithmetic mean for the flow rate of the watershed of the superior lake for the entire simulation period, and TN and TP also showed a tendency to be higher at RCP 4.5. However, in RCP 8.5, the outflow of pollutants decreased during the dry season and the outflow of pollutants increased during the summer, indicating that the annual pollutant outflow was concentrated during the flood season, and it is analyzed that countermeasures are needed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.139-169
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• 2022

This study derived determinants of 'Decent Work' in the logistics industry and aims to use the analysis results as basic data for policymaking related to labor in the logistics industry and to prepare policies suitable for the characteristics of the logistics industry. As the dependent variable of the model, the Decent Job derived from the first study was used, and the target model was derived from panel data of whole industries to understand the unique characteristics of logistics industry jobs and applied to the logistics industry model. This study found that in the logistics industry, developing the expertise of the logistics industry through "vocational training" compared to whole industries is an important factor rather than raising the "academic level" through the regular curriculum. This seems to reflect the characteristics of the logistics industry as specialized vocational training is required in the case of "railway transportation", "inland water and port transportation", and "air cargo transportation", which have a high proportion of decent job workers among the detailed logistics industries analyzed in this study. Therefore, developing job expertise through additional manpower training programs such as vocational training as well as academic fields learned through regular curriculum is a very important factor in engaging in "Decent Work" not only in the logistics industry but also in other industries.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to construct land cover maps using a deep learning model and to select the optimal deep learning model for land cover classification by adjusting the dataset such as input image size and Stride application. Two types of deep learning models, the U-net model and the DeeplabV3+ model with an Encoder-Decoder network, were utilized. Also, the combination of the two deep learning models, which is an Ensemble model, was used in this study. The dataset utilized RapidEye satellite images as input images and the label images used Raster images based on the six categories of the land use of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as true value. This study focused on the problem of the quality improvement of the dataset to enhance the accuracy of deep learning model and constructed twelve land cover maps using the combination of three deep learning models (U-net, DeeplabV3+, and Ensemble), two input image sizes (64 × 64 pixel and 256 × 256 pixel), and two Stride application rates (50% and 100%). The evaluation of the accuracy of the label images and the deep learning-based land cover maps showed that the U-net and DeeplabV3+ models had high accuracy, with overall accuracy values of approximately 87.9% and 89.8%, and kappa coefficients of over 72%. In addition, applying the Ensemble and Stride to the deep learning models resulted in a maximum increase of approximately 3% in accuracy and an improvement in the issue of boundary inconsistency, which is a problem associated with Semantic Segmentation based deep learning models.