• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Intervention strategy applied International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Tool about strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain and function of shoulder for patients with adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: The data was collected by patient with adhesive capsulitis. The patient was a 50-year-old male diagnosed with right shoulder with adhesive capsulitis. We applied the PNF Intervention strategy applied ICF Tool to patient with adhesive capsulitis. PNF interventions were consisting of such as combination of isotonic and stabilizing reversal technique and various positions. PNF interventions were applied, such as those aiming at decreasing pain and disability and increasing range of motion and function for the four weeks. Parameters of result were collected for strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain and function of shoulder using the hand held dynamometer, goniometer, lateral scapula slide test, and shoulder pain and disability index, respectively. RESULTS: Clinical benefits were observed the patient with adhesive capsulitis for strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain, and function of shoulder. The patient with adhesive capsulitis improved strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain, and function of shoulder. CONCLUSION: Patient reported improved strength, range of motion, scapular stability, pain, and function of shoulder after intervention.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to identify nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention (NANDA- NOC-NIC: NNN) linkages applied to inpatients in general surgical nursing units. Methods: We developed the NNN linkage computerized nursing process program, which consisted of the 107 nursing outcomes and the 190 nursing interventions linked to the 39 nursing diagnoses. This program was applied to 324 patients who admitted to those nursing units from July, 2004 to February, 2005. Results: First, nursing outcomes of each nursing diagnosis were identified as follows: for 'acute pain', pain control, pain level, and comfort level; for 'risk for infection', wound healing: primary intention, wound healing: secondary intention, and infection status; for 'nausea', nutritional status: food & fluid intake, comfort level, symptom severity and hydration. Second, major nursing interventions for each nursing outcome were analyzed as follows: for pain control or comfort level, pain management and medication management; for pain level, pain management and analgesic administration; for wound healing: primary intention, incision site care and wound care; for Wound healing: secondary intention or infection status, infection control; for nutritional status: food & fluid intake, fluid monitoring; for comfort level, nausea management; for symptom severity, nausea management and vomiting management; for hydration, fluid/electrolyte management. Conclusion: This identified NNN linkages will facilitate the use of nursing process in surgical nursing practice and documentation systems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of sling exercise therapy on vertebral alignment, VAS, muscle activity, and multifidus of patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to divide the patients (n=116) into the sling exercise therapy group (SETG) and conservative physical therapy group (CPTG), with each group provided a intervention program in 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar intervertebral disc angle (LIVDA) for vertebral alignment, lumbar muscle activity, and multifidus atrophy were measured before and after the intervention. Results: SETG showed significant changes in LLA, LIVDA of rate of change (delta score), and in relieving pain. The right-left balance gap for the lumbar dynamic muscle activity decreased after the intervention. The SETG showed significant changes in the grade of lumbar multifidus atrophy. Conclusion: The sling exercise therapy program is an effective exercise therapy method on vertebral alignment, muscle activity, recovery from multifidus atrophy, and pain relief for patients with chronic low back pain.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.506-511
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of distraction by use of a cellular phone on pain and fear during venipuncture procedure for hospitalized preschool children. Method: Fifty four preschool children aged 3-6 were recruited from one university affiliated hospital in Daegu. Participants were assigned to the control(n=27) to receive usual care or intervention group(n=27) to receive distraction plus usual care. For the assessment of children's pain, FACE scale and mothers' perceptions of their own children's pain, visual analogue scale(VAS) were used. For the assessment of fear, Procedure Behavioral checklist developed by Lebaron and Zeltzer was used. Results: Results showed that intervention group demonstrated significantly less pain scores on FACE(t=2.19, p<.03) as rated by children and on VAS(t=2.78, p<.01) as rated by their mothers. Intervention group showed also significantly less fear scores(t=2.30, p<.02) as rated by the researcher. Conclusion: Distraction with cell phone for relieving pain and fear during venipuncture procedure was effective for the hospitalized preschool children.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare pain, sense, bleeding, and hematoma that patients feel depending on the process of eliminating air of pressure band that was applied to patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through radial artery. Methods: It was a nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design to compare pain, sense, bleeding, and hematoma by amount and time of eliminating air of pressure band after PCI through radial artery. Results: On arrival at Coronary Care Unit, meaningful difference didn't exist between pain and sense, however, after two hours of starting eliminating air, the points of pain and sense were meaningfully low (p<.001). Also, there was meaningful difference in reciprocal action between group and time (p<.001). Conclusion: After PCI, the conclusion showed there is positive effect in decreasing wrist pain and sense without any influence of bleeding by eliminating air from patients' pressure bands.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine potential factors related to the management of cancer pain, that is, hospital institutional factors as well as personal aspects of nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive research study in which 229 RNs working in 2 tertiary medical institutions in Seoul and 4 secondary medical institutions in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi were surveyed. Results: It was found that nurses' knowledge about pain intervention, their working division and their knowledge about the use of analgesics had different effects on their pharmacologic interventions. These 3 variables explained 14.5% of the variance regarding pharmacologic interventions. On the other hand, nurses' knowledge about pain interventions and nursing organization were variables affecting non-pharmacologic interventions by the nurses. These two variables explained 22.1% of the variance regarding non-pharmacologic interventions by the nurses. Conclusion: The findings indicate that nursing organization, one of hospital institutional factors, had significant effects on non-pharmacologic interventions. Therefore, to increase effective pain management by nurses, an organizational system should be established such as placement of nurse practitioners, improvement of nurses' autonomy in pain management, and development and distribution of standardized guidelines.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.268-277
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates breathing exercises on functional disability and lumbar flexibility in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: 30 patients with non-specific low back pain were selected and classified into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Both groups were assessed for functional disability using the Oswestry Disability Index and flexibility of the lumbar spine using the modified-modified Schober test before and after the intervention. The intervention was applied twice a week for four weeks. The experimental group performed Pilates breathing exercises followed by spinal stabilization exercises, while the control group only performed spinal stabilization exercises. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in functional disability and lumbar flexibility after the intervention. However, when comparing between the two groups, the experimental group showed a more significant effect than the control group. Conclusions: The combination of Pilates breathing exercises and spinal stabilization exercises can be considered an effective approach to improve low back pain and prevent chronic pain in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of microcurrent stimulation as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for managing pain and improving the quality of life in women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Design: A case study. Methods: This study was conducted, involving a cohort of 6 women diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea, aged between 20 to 30 years. Participants were received microcurrent stimulation using low-intensity microcurrents for 30 minutes every day for 4 weeks. The intensity of microcurrent stimulation was 25 μA and the frequency was 8 Hz. The intervention was administered between the menstruations, with pain intensity and quality of life being assessed at baseline, and then at the end of menstrual cycle. Pain intensity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and menstrual symptom questionnaire (MSQ), while the quality of life was assessed through the stress response inventory (SRI), state trait anxiety inventory (STAI), center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D), and menstrual distress questionnaire (MEDI-Q). Results: After the intervention, participants demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity, as evidenced by improved VAS scores (p<0.05). However, the changes in MSQ scores did not reach statistical significance. Regarding quality of life measures, no statistically significant differences were found in the SRI, STAI, CES-D, and MEDI-Q scores after the intervention (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study suggest that microcurrent stimulation holds promise as a potential treatment option for alleviating pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to suggest a more effective method by comparing the effects of changes in pain intensity, muscle strength, and athletic performance after applying a 6-week eccentric training program (ET-MWM) or concentric training program (CT-MWM) with MWM for high school baseball players with shoulder internal impingement (SII). Methods : A total of 75 participants were randomly assigned to each group and divided into two groups, "ET-MWM group (n=35)" and "CT-MWM group (n=32)" according to the intervention method. Pain intensity, muscle strength (external rotation, internal rotation), and athletic performance were first measured before the intervention, and after the intervention 3 times a week for a total of 6 weeks, both groups were re-measured in the same way. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity, biodex dynamometer for muscle strength (60 °/sec.), and Kerlan-Jobe orthopedic clinic shoulder & elbow score (K-KJOC) for athletic performance. Results : As a result of analyzing the homogeneity of the pre-intervention characteristics and initial measurement variables of the study subjects, there was no significant difference between the two groups in all variable values. Pain intensity (VAS) was significantly reduced in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). In addition, the maximum muscle strength of external rotation & internal rotation of the shoulder (60 °/sec.) and athletic performance (K-KJOC) were significantly increased in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). Conclusion : Compared with the CT-MWM training program, the ET-MWM training program reduced shoulder joint pain and further increased the muscle strength required for throwing motion in high school baseball players. As the result showed better athletic performance improvement, the ET-MWM training program can be clinically recommended as a more effective intervention.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.184-193
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• 2023

Background: Studies investigating the immediate effects of a single intervention to correct forward head posture are rare. Objects: This study aimed to compare the changes in treatment effects in patients with forward head posture and neck pain after manual and self-exercise therapy over a 1-hour period. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were randomly divided into manual and self-exercise therapy groups. Following the initial evaluation, manual or self-exercise therapy was applied to each group for 30 minutes each in the prone, supine, and sitting positions. The variables measured were the craniovertebral angle (CVA), stress level, pain level, and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) stiffness. After the intervention, re-evaluation was conducted immediately, 30 minutes later, and 1 hour later. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the maintenance of treatment effects between the two groups. Results: Based on the two-way mixed ANOVA variance, there was no interaction between the groups and time for all variables, and no main effects were found between the groups. However, a significant effect of time was observed (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests using Bonferroni's correction revealed that in both groups, the CVA, pain, and stress showed significant improvements immediately after the intervention compared with before the intervention, and these treatment effects were maintained for up to 1 hour after the treatment (p < 0.0083) in the manual therapy group. However, the stress level was maintained until 30 minutes later (p < 0.0083) in the self-exercise group. There was no significant decrease in right SCM stiffness before and after the intervention; however, left SCM stiffness significantly decreased after the self-exercise intervention (p < 0.0083). Conclusion: Both manual and self-exercise therapy for 30 minutes were effective in reducing forward head posture related to the CVA, pain, and stress levels. These effects persisted for at least 30 minutes.