• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.40
• /
• pp.68-96
• /
• 2000

Parental leave in Sweden is a part of the health insurance in national social insurance system. It has two kinds of benefits. One is parental cash benefit paid for both husband and wife on the occasion of child birth, currently 450days for each child. The other is temporary parental cash benefit when a child under the age of twelve or a caretaker for him is illness, which is six months for a child a year. Parental insurance in Sweden permits parents to take care of their children just after birth at home with the amount of 80% of monthly income for 360 days and 60 Swedish krone each day for 90 days more. It also permits parents with children under the age of eight of part-time work and return to former job at full-time base when they want. It consequently encourages women's economic activity in her whole life and contributes to promotion of equality in sex roles between husband and wife. This insurance scheme is beneficient in that it enhances individual and family welfare and also secures labour force. This case study on Swedish parental insurance offers implication how to resolve the conflict between women's increased demand for economic activity and maternal role.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2003

Despite rapid technological advance and increased automation facilities, many jobs and activities in our living require manual materials handling(MMH). These include wide variety of activities such as moving things, lifting bags. boxes or cartons, etc. Many studies found that handle could affect on maximum acceptable weight of lifting, but there were few studies f3r the effects of work posture and coupling in lifting tote box. This study performed that ten male college students were required to lift a tote box with and without handle for three postures (bending, straight, right angle posture). From the experiment, following results were obtained. (1) MVC reduced maximum 23% by type of handle. (2) MVC was highest in straight posture, but was lowest in right angle posture. (3) As a result of ANOVA, MVC paid attention to posture and coupling. (p<0.01) (4) To all handle types, biceps brachii activity was increased in right angle posture. but reduced in straight posture. (5) To all posture, biceps brachii activity was most lively in no handle. The results of MVC measurement, subjective rating, EMG analysis, statistic analysis showed that maximum acceptable weight of lifting was influenced by type of handle and straight posture was more comfortable than other postures. Based on these results, it was concluded that acceptable weight of lifting has to differ for work posture and coupling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.08a
• /
• pp.69-69
• /
• 2013

In the area of artificial photosynthesis, particularly for the generation of hydrogen form water, much attention has been paid on organic-inorganic hybrid system. Most of all, a dye/TiO2-combined system has been suggested and its potential utility was well manifested. However, due to its complicated nature of charge interactions in between dye and TiO2 -interface there remains a great challenge to establish the charge-activity relationship, per se light driven charge generation and recombination kinetics with respect to the amount of hydrogen produced. Further complexity of that hybrid system has been witnessed when sacrificial donor and aqueous media are considered. To unveil the operating mechanism on such a dye/TiO2-combined system, we have prepared organic dyes suitable to account for the effect of sacrificial donor as well as water interactions, and prepared the typical dye-grafted TiO2 films to investigate charge-activity relationship. Femtosecond flash photolysis clearly defined the dye effects anchored on to the TiO2 platform. In addition, photodynamic data contemplated well to the dye orientation proposed by the DFT calculations. Recent findings provide fundamental understanding on the dye-grafted TiO2 system and establish a firm background how future dye-sensitized organic-inorganic hybrid system can be designed for the light driven hydrogen generation from water.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2022

Bankruptcy is one of the major areas that have attracted the interest of many researchers in the American system, particularly in terms of the laws that oversee it. It provides a plan of reorganization that enables the debtor or the proprietor to discharge liabilities to the creditors through dividing the assets to settle debts. This activity is carried out under supervision to fairly protect the interests of the creditors. Bankruptcy protection systems are dynamic and complex in nature, in line with the economic sector, ensuring the protection of affected individuals from falling into huge losses. Some bankruptcy procedures give the debtor the opportunity to stay in operation or business activity and benefit from revenues until the debt is settled. This law allows some debtors to be relived from any financial burden after the distribution of assets, even if the debt is not paid in full. In light of the above information, this research paper seeks to explore the nature of the complexity of bankruptcy protection laws, their characteristics, and the justice system that regulate them. It also sheds more light on the decision-making powers on bankruptcy cases. There are specialized courts that cover bankruptcy cases located in district courts in every state.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.240-248
• /
• 2024

In cancer treatment, multi-target approach has paid attention to a reasonable strategy for the potential agents. We investigated whether (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) could exert an anticancer effect by dual-regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ. MMPP showed modulating effects in TNBC type (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and luminal A type (MCF7) breast cancer cell lines. MMPP enhanced PPARγ transcriptional activity and inhibited VEGFR2 phosphorylation. MMPP-induced signaling by VEGFR2 and PPARγ ultimately triggered the downregulation of AKT activity. MMPP exhibited anticancer effects, as evidenced by growth inhibition, inducement of apoptosis, and suppression of migration and invasion. At the molecular level, MMPP activated pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase3, caspase8, caspase9, and bax), while inhibiting the anti-apoptotic proteins (bcl2). Additionally, MMPP inhibited the mRNA expressions of EMT-promoting transcription factors. Therefore, our findings showed molecular mechanisms of MMPP by regulating VEGFR2 and PPARγ, and suggested that MMPP has potential to treat breast cancer.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.173-194
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between time-income availability and health-promoting behavior (physical practice, smoking, alcohol consumption) of older males (55-69). This study attempted to shed light on health-behavior changes during the transition period of male retirement. The availability of time resources was examined by addressing the amount of weekly paid labor hours. The availability of financial resources was calculated by using the debt-income ratio. The study sample comprised 1,372 (age range 55-69) male respondents of the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006 KLOSA wave 1). The results of CHAID (CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis uncovered four distinctive combinations of resource types: time-money poor, time rich, money rich, time-money rich. According to logit results, these four groups had different socio-demographic profiles and different health-behavior risks. The time-money poor males were unlikely to perform physical activities needed to improve their health or to quit smoking or alcohol consumption. This group was also more likely to consume alcohol compared to the time-money resource types. In contrast, the time-money rich group was more likely to exercise longer and more frequently than the reference group (time and money poor). The time-rich types, those who have time-only resources and less money, were likely to be smokers and have problems with alcohol consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2012

The prohibitively high cost of Pt catalyst might be the biggest barrier for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) of which wide application is expected. Worldwide research efforts for the development of alternative to Pt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst are made recently. One of the important considerations in the catalyst development is durability issue as well as economic aspect. From this point of view, platinum group metals (PGM) except Pt can be a candidate for replacing Pt catalyst because the material properties and the catalytic activity of PGM are expected to be similar to Pt. In contrast to Ir, Rh and Os to which not so much attention has been paid as an ORR catalyst, Pd that is most similar to Pt in terms of material properties and catalytic activity and Ru that is in the form of chalcogenide have been studied intensively. Activity comparison between non-Pt and Pt oxygen reduction catalysts by half cell test using RDE (rotating disk electrode) or PEMFC MEA (membrane electrode assembly) operation indicates that Pd-based catalysts show the most similar activity to Pt. In this paper we analyze the composition of PGM ORR catalyst in literature to promote the development of non-Pt ORR catalyst.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.588-597
• /
• 2016

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2008

The importance of microbial activity in the alteration and deterioration of stone and concrete walls has been frequently neglected. Organisms present on stone monuments can include photolithoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria, mosses, and higher plants. Because of their ability to survive repeated drying and rehydration cycles and high UV levels, the cyanobacteria are particularly important on exposed surfaces. The cyanobactria distributed on the surface of the stone cultural heritages in Gwanschoksa, Nonsan city were investigated. Chlorococcus sp. Aanabaena sp. Gloeocapsa sp Lyngbya sp. Stigomena sp. Synechocystis sp were identified. Haplaosiphon fontinalis and Stigonema turfaceum, which were not recoded is Korea, were also identified. Cells often have thick pigmented sheath in dry, sun-exposed environment and shorter filament, which can be different than that in aquatic systems. Special attention should be paid to production of an adequate DNA database in order to accelerate the rate at which information on the species present in biofilms become available.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 1996

Advantages and disadvantages of four radioisotopic methods, $^{3}H$-thymidine, $^{3}H$-adenine, $^{3}H$-leucine, and $^{35}S$-sulfate, for measuring bacterial production were reviewed. The maior issues discussed in production methods were: (1) whether all the actively growing bacteria take up the radiolabeled (organic) tracers; (2) how each target molecule should be purified (nonspecific labeling); and (3) how important the determination of the precursor pool specific activity is (internal isotope dilution). Since all the radioisotoic methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, careful consideration must be paid in choosing the radioisotope according to the conditions of each environment investigated.