• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 1994

30 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. canadensis. Out of the these, 6 mAbs were selected for further studies. SDS-PAGE analyses of sonicated antigens of 10 8. thuringiensis strains showed that they generally had both predominant protein antigens of molecular weights of 45 kilodalton (kd) except for shandogiensis and konkukian, and 37kd except for israelensis, tochigiensis, and shandogiensis, respectively. These results indicate that 4kd and 37kd may be important for demonstrating common antigens except for a few strains of B. thuringiensis. In comparing the result of the westem blot using mAbs with that of using polyclonal antibodies to canadensis, we found that immunoreactive proteins of 99 and 39 kd were identified as common antigens, which might act as antigenic determinants, and might be surface or flagella antigens. Reactivities of mAbs with 41 strains of 8. thuringiensis demonstrated that mAbs of C-1, C-3, C-4, C-S and C-6 except C-2 did not recognize epitopes of thuringiensis, but that all of the mAbs recognized epitopes of galleriae, kurstaki, dakota, tolrJokuensis, silo, toguchini, and leesis. The potential applications of the mAbs we produced would be useful tools for the clarification of taxonomy, investigation of antigenic relationship between B. thuringiensis strains, and localization of specific surface and flagella antigens.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

The hpa gene genetically linked to the ctxa2b gene was cloned into the pTED expression vector, and the constructed pTEDhpa/ctxa2b was transformed into Excherichia coli. The fusion protein, the adhesin fused to the cholera toxin subunit A2B (CTXA2B) subunit, was expressed to high levels as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The expressed protein was partially purified by washing the inclusion bodies with working solution containing 8M Urea and 0.1M DTT. Refolding of denatured fusion protein was carried out in the presence of glutathione redox buffer. The refolded fusion protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography. The expressed fusion protein was verified by SDS-PAGE, western blotting with antibodies to both antigenic components of adhesin and cholera toxin subunit B (CTXB), and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was analyzed. The orderly assembled fusion protein was confirmed by modified Gm1-ganglioside ELISA with Abs to adhesin. The results indicate that the purified fusion protein is an Adhesin/CTXA2B protein containing the H. pylori adhesin and $G_{m1}4-ganglioside binding activity of CTXB and the expressed fusion protein in E. coli could be easily purified by the refolding process, Its molecular weight was 168kDa as estimated by size exclusion chromatography. The Adhesin/CTXA2B protein may be used as a candidate antigen for oral immunization against H. pylori.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

We fortuitously observed a human neutrophil intracellular free-calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) increasing activity in the commercially available phosphodiesterase I (PDE I), which is actually dried crude venom of Crotalus atrox. As this activity was not observed with another commercially available pure PDE I, we tried to find out the causative molecule(s) present in 'crude' PDE, and identified Lys49-phospholipase A2 (Lys49-PLA2 or K49-PLA2), a catalytically inactive protein which belongs to the phospholipase A2 family, by activity-driven three HPLC (reverse phase, size exclusion, reverse phase) steps followed by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS. K49-PLA2 induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx in human neutrophils without any cytotoxic effect. Two calcium channel inhibitors, 2-aminoetoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) ($30{\mu}M$) and SKF-96365 ($20{\mu}M$) significantly inhibited K49-PLA2-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase. These results suggest that K49-PLA2 modulates $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils via 2-APB- and SKF-96365-sensitive calcium channels without causing membrane disruption.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.651-660
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• 2008

Flash memory is widely used in embedded systems because of its benefits such as non-volatile, shock resistant, and low power consumption. However, NAND flash memory suffers from out-place-update, limited erase cycles, and page based read/write operations. To solve these problems, YAFFS and RFFS, the flash memory file systems, are proposed. However YAFFS takes long time to mount the file system, because all the files are scattered all around flash memory. Thus YAFFS needs to fully scan the flash memory. To provide fast mounting, RFFS has been proposed. It stores all the block information, the addresses of block information and meta data to use them at mounting time. However additional operations for the meta data management are decreasing the performance of the system. This paper presents a new NAND flash file system called ERFFS (Efficient and Reliable Flash File System) which provides fast mounting and recovery with minimum mata data management. Based on the experimental results, ERFFS reduces the flash mount/recovery time and the file system overhead.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1324-1337
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• 2019

This study set out to investigate an energy harvesting device to ensure stable energy supply to batteries and data collection devices and a monitoring system for acer pictum sap to check collected data. Acer pictum sap farmers have written down weather information and yield of acer pictum sap manually for data storage. Since the job is done manually, there are many missing values in their data. In addition, it is not easy to manage batteries due to the characteristics of the areas where acer pictum sap is collected. The present study thus decided to build an energy harvesting device based on new renewable energy to ensure stable energy supply by taking into consideration power load, daily power consumption, and number of days with no sunshine for various devices. For a monitoring system, the investigator proposed a JSP-based web page to monitor temperature, humidity, volume of collected water, and battery state in real time. The proposed energy harvesting device was applied to reduce missing values in data. It promoted stable energy supply to the batteries and data collection devices, reducing the percentage of missing values in data from 30.55% to 0%.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.9-18
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• 1990

Germinating ability of 54 weed species collected throughout Korea in 1987 and 1988 was determined in incubator at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The seeds of Echinochloa sp, collected from 70 different places throughout Korea, were classified by Yabuno's seed morphology method. Plant characters of two identified Echinochloa species, one having two subspecies were evaluated. SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of seed protein assay was used to identify locally collected Echinochloa species classified by Yabuno's seed morphology method. 1. Out of 54 weed species collected, 31 species showed germination at 15 days after incubation, and 14 species showed over 50% and no germination was observed in 24 species, indicating that approximately 40 species had varied degree of germinating ability. 2. It was confirmed that two annual species of Echinochloa such as E. oryzicola and E. crus-galli occurred in Korea and one of which particularly E. crus-galli has two subspecies such as E. c. var. praticola and E. c. var. crus-galli. 3. E. oryzicola was distinguished from E. c. var crus-galli and E. c. var praticola by presence or absence of one major protein band in B zone. However, it was rather difficult to distinguish E. crus-galli species because they showed similar protein pattern.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.104-117
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of on-the-job experiencing program on the formation of dynamics such as creativity, organizing, and clarity necessary for launching into the society through a cause-and-effect analysis to determine the priority of resources investments and improvements of educational courses. As a result, the selling experience and planned workshop were found to have effect on the creative dynamic that preparatory business starters must secure without fail. This means that e-Fashionn Lab(http://www.bc2d.com) which is an experiencing program, is fully accomplishing its initial objective set up at the time of the system design. In addition, the selling experience and the mini-home page experience were found to have effect on the formation of organizing dynamic of preparatory business starters. This shows that the system design to realize the database of personal friendships and personal information is being used fully as an educational practice instruments. Lastly, the selling experience and planned workshops were found to have effect on the formation of clarity dynamic of preparatory business starters as experiencing characteristic has effect on creativity. However, the community (work room) experience was found to have no effect on the formation of dynamics necessary for preparatory business starters to advance into the society at this study. This signifies that the system input resources should be pushed back in priority and that curriculums and system design should be concentrated on strengthening the selling experience and planned workshop in general.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose an ontology-based approach to measuring degree-of-interest in country by analyzing wikipedia usage data. First, we developed the degree-of-interest ontology called DOI ontology by extracting concept hierarchies from wikipedia categories. Second, we map the title of frequently edited articles into DOI ontology, and we measure degree-of-interest based on DOI ontology by analyzing wikipedia page views. Finally, we perform chi-square test of independence to figure out if interesting fields are independent or not by country. This approach shows interesting fields are closely related to each country, and provides degree of interests by country timely and flexibly as compared with conventional questionnaire survey analysis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2002

Allergens in processed foods may place persons with food allergies at significant risk when the labels do not Provide sufficient warnings or identification of high-risk ingredients. Because egg proteins are common food allergens, this study was carried out to identify hen's egg albumin (ovalbumin, OVA) in five commercially processed foods containing egg (custayd, cookie and pasta), and chicken meat (sausage and meatball) by immunological methods using commercially produced murine monoclonal immunoglobulin G (M-IgG), immunoblotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample buffer with chelating and reducing agents was prepared and used for the preparation of the protein fractions from the foods. Most bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profile (5~15% gradient gel) presented at 75 kDa below. OVA (43 kDa) in the sample lanes could not be visually observed on the gel. However, OVA in solutions prepared from custard and cookie could be detected by M-IgG, but were not detected in sausage and pasta. OVA in all samples could be quantitatively determined by the equation obtained from the standard curve by ELISA. Cookie and custard containing egg white and egg, respectively, contained very high concentrations of OVA. OVA in the other products were present in relatively low concentrations, but sufficiently high to pose possible risk of allergy, ELISA is a very sensitive and precise method for the identification and quantification of allergens in food products including allergy-inducible materials.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.432-436
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• 2002

A proteomic map of Hanwoo loin was obtained using 2-D SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis: 27 bovine proteins plus 2 proteins having similarities to other mammal proteins out of 52 proteins analyzed. The identified proteins consisted of 50 % basic house keeping proteins involved in metabolism, 30% muscle proteins, and other miscellaneous proteins. Many proteins on the 2-D gel with different molecular weights and isoelectric points were identified as same proteins due to posttranslational modification. As many of the identified house keeping proteins showed the high sequence similarities to other mammal equivalent proteins, searching the mammal databases could confirm the annotation. The preliminary identification of the proteome in bovine loin tissue could reveal the functions of proteins at over 50 % of chance with high fidelities. Using the established loin proteome map, proteomic difference between 1 yr and 2 yr Hanwoo loin tissues were compared on 2D gel. Regardless of the difficulty normalizing protein concentrations and sample-to-sample variations, three unidentified proteins and myoglobin were selected as up-regulated proteins during the fat deposition period. This study contributes to a move thorough and holistic understanding of beef meat, helping to build the basis for future identification of new markers for good quality meat.