• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-107
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• 2010

We investigated spin-polarized current switching of Pac-man type II (PM-II) nanoelements in Pac-man shaped nanoscale spin-valves (Co/Cu/Py) using micromagnetic simulations. The effects of slot angle and antiferromagnetic (AFM) layer were simulated to obtain optimum switching in less than 2 ns. At a critical slot angle of $105^{\circ}$, the lowest current density for anti-parallel to parallel (AP-P) switching was observed due to no vortex or antivortex formation during the magnetic reversal process. All other slot angles for AP-P formed a vortex or antivortex during the magnetization reversal process. Additionally, a vortex or anti-vortex formed for all slot angles for parallel to anti-parallel (P-AP) switching. The addition of an AFM layer caused the current density to decrease significantly for AP-P and P-AP at slot angles less than $90^{\circ}$. However, at slot angles greater than $90^{\circ}$, the current density tended to decrease by less amounts or actually increased slightly as shape anisotropy became more dominant. This allowed ultra-fast switching with 5.05 and $5.65{\times}10^8\;A/cm^2$ current densities for AP-P and P-AP, respectively, at a slot angle of $105^{\circ}$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.478-483
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• 1999

Coagulation efficiencies of some organic compounds by aluminum based coagulants including alum, PAC, PACS were studied. The coagulation efficiency was highest at the neutral pH. It was decreased with an order of PACS, PAC, and alum at the neutral pH. The organic compounds of high molecular weights showed good coagulation efficiencies with all coagulants, while the small molecules were not coagulated. Organic compounds having more than two adjacent functional groups of OH and COOH showed coagulation efficiencies of 10~80%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1999

A new analytical procedure for the measurement of monomeric isocyanates and total isocyanate group in workplaces has been investigated. The method described herd involves derivatization of the isocyanate sample upon collection with the reagent 9-anthracenylmethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (PAC). Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that excess PAC reagent can be satisfactorily removed from PAC-derivatized monomeric isocyanates-a requirement for the success f the analytical procedure. After removal of excess PAC reagent, the PAC derivatives of butyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, HDI, MDI, and TDI were reacted with sodium thiomethoxide to convert them all to 9-anthracenylmethyl methyl sulfide (AMMS). Total isocyanate group was determined by HPLC analysis and quantification of the single AMMS peak. This circumvents many of the disadvantages associated with current HPLC methods. There were no longer problems associated with quantifying late-eluting peaks and analysis times were very short. A single detector was used for quantification because a standard of the analyte existed and the retention time could be determined. Because all species were converted to a single analyte, the problem of variability of response factors among different species was averted. Finally, there were no complex chromatograms to interpret. Monomers of other individual species were measured by analysis of the sample before the individual species were converted to AMMS. The favorable performance of PAC warrants its further study as a reagent for the determination of total isocyanate group in air.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2019

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.180-180
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• 2018

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

The artificial intelligence (AI) of Non-Player Companions (NPC), especially opponents, is a key element to adjust the level of games in game design. Smart opponents can make games more challenging as well as allow players for diverse experiences, even in the same game environment. Since game users interact with more than one opponent in most of today's games, collaboration control of opponent characters becomes more important than ever before. In this paper, we introduce a cooperative strategy based on the A* algorithm for enemies' AI in the Pac-Man game. A survey from 17 human testers shows that the levels with our collaborative opponents are more difficult but interesting than those with either the original Pac-Man's personalities or the non-cooperative greedy opponents.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

Legacy study for detecting arrhythmia have mostly used nonlinear method to increase classification accuracy. Most methods are complex to process and manipulate data and have difficulties in classifying various arrhythmias. Therefore it is necessary to classify various arrhythmia based on short-term data. In this study, we propose a feature extraction based on auto regressive modeling and an premature contraction arrhythmia classification method using SVM., For this purpose, the R-wave is detected in the ECG signal from which noise has been removed, QRS and RR interval segment is modelled. Also, we classified Normal, PVC, PAC through SVM in realtime by extracting four optimal segment length and AR order. The detection and classification rate of R wave and PVC is evaluated through MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The performance results indicate the average of 99.77% in R wave detection and 99.23%, 97.28%, 96.62% in Normal, PVC, PAC classification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.238.2-238.2
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.12-12
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.191.1-191.1
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• 2008