• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.668-675
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an enhanced p-cycle (preconfigured protection cycle) scheme for WDM mesh networks with QoS constraints. In the previous researches on p-cycle, it is assumed that user's connection has a hi-directional connectivity and the same bandwidth on both direction. Therefore it is difficult to apply p-cycle based link protection to uni-directional connections for multicasting or asymmetric broadband multimedia communications with hi-directional connectivity. And it didn't consider QoS of backup path. We enhanced the p-cycles to accomodate uni-directional connections for multicasting or asymmetric bandwidth communications with hi-directional connectivity. And we propose a selection procedure of p-cycle to assure QoS of backup path. We were able to reduce a required backup bandwidth by applying a uni-directional p-cycle concept to asymmetric broadband multimedia communication environment. The proposed p-cycle selection procedure is applied to the U.S. sample network to evaluate whether the configured p-cycles can support QoS constraint of working path and backup path.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.795-804
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• 2021

Memory T (T_M) cells play an important role in the long-term defense against pathogen reinvasion. However, it is still unclear how these cells receive the crucial signals necessary for their longevity and homeostatic turnover. To understand how T_M cells receive these signals, we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and examined the expression sites of neural cadherin (N-cadherin) by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that N-cadherin was expressed in the surroundings of the white pulps of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes (LNs). Moreover, T_M cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a ligand of N-cadherin, were co-localized with N-cadherin⁺ cells in the spleen but not in LNs. We then blocked N-cadherin in vivo to investigate whether it regulates the formation or function of T_M cells. The numbers of CD127^hiCD62L^hi T_M cells in the spleen of memory P14 chimeric mice declined when N-cadherin was blocked during the contraction phase, without functional impairment of these cells. In addition, when CD127^loKLRG1^hi T_M cells were adoptively transferred into anti-N-cadherin-treated mice compared with control mice, the number of these cells was reduced in the bone marrow and LNs, without functional loss. Taken together, our results suggest that N-cadherin participates in the development of CD127^hiCD62L^hi T_M cells and homing of CD127^loKLRG1^hi T_M cells to lymphoid organs.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the castability of Ni-Cr alloys for crown and bridge. New young, Hi-Crown and CB-80 which are widely used in dental laboratory were chosen, casting and increased the temperature of furnace 100$^{\circ}C$ of each 7 grades from 600$^{\circ}C$ to 1200$^{\circ}C$. The results are as follows : 1. CB-80 is the most prominent castability among the three Ni-Cr alloys which are Hi-Crown, New-young and Hi-Cr. 2. The good burning temperatures of casting for CB-8p are 900$^{\circ}C$, 100$^{\circ}C$ and 1100$^{\circ}C$ which are obtained four complate casting body of five former patterns. 3. The most proper burning temperature for three Ni-Cr alloys is 900$^{\circ}C$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1040-1050
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• 1997

Pulmonary rehabilitation has been known to improve dyspnea and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic lung disease, although it does not improve pulmonary function. The mechanism of this improvement is not clearly explained till now; however some authors suggested that the improvement in the skeletal muscle metabolism after the rehabilitation could be a possible mechanism. The metabolc changes in skeletal muscle in patients with COPD are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation which causes early activation of anaerobic glycolysis and excess lactate production with exercise. In order to evaluate the change in the skeletal muscle metabolism as a possible cause of the improvement in the exercise tolerance after the rehabilitation, noninvasive $^{31}P$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) of the forearm flexor muscle was performed before and after the exercise training in nine patients with chronic lung disease who have undertaken intensive pulmonary rehabilitation for 6 weeks. 31p MRS was studied during the sustained isometric contraction of the dominant forearm flexor muscles up to the exhaustion state and the recovery period. Maximal voluntary contraction(MVC) force of the muscle was measured before the isometric exercise, and then 30% of MVC force was constantly loaded to each patient during the isometric exercise. After the exercise training, exercise endurance of upper and lower extremities and 6 minute walking distance were significantly increased(p<0.05). There were no differences of baseline intracellular pH (pHi) and inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine(Pi/PCr). After rehabilitation pHi at the exercise and the exhaustion state showed a significant increase($6.91{\pm}0.1$ to $6.99{\pm}0.1$ and $6.76{\pm}0.2$ to $6.84{\pm}0.2$ respectively, p<0.05). Pi/PCr at the exercise and the recovery rate of pHi and Pi/PCr did not show significant differences. These results suggest that the delayed intracellular acidosis of skeletal muscle may contribute to the improvement of exercise endurance after pulmonary rehabilitation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.544-557
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate the quality of nutrient intakes of the hemodialysis patients (26 men and 23 women) according to the socioeconomic status by 3-day dietary recall in Daejeon city and Chungnam area, Korea. Mean age of the subjects was 50.7 yrs and BMI was 22.0 $\pm$ 0.4 kg/$m^2$. Education level was divided into two groups ($\leq$ 9 years： LE group, 9 years： HE group), and monthly family income level was divided into three groups (< 500,000 won: LI group, 500,000-1,499,999 won: MI group, $\geq$ 1,500,000 won : HI group). The data were analyzed by Student t-test and Oneway ANOVA using SPSS 9.0 version at p < 0.05 level. Intakes of energy, carbohydrates, cholesterol, potassium, thiamin and riboflavin were significantly higher in HE group than in LE group (p < 0.05). Intakes of all the nutrients except protein and phosphorus were less than Korean RDA, and INQs (Index of Nutritional Quality) of most nutrients were lower than 1.0 but cholesterol, phosphorus. thiamin and niacin being over 1.0 in HE group. MAR (Mean adequacy ratio) of all the nutrients (e.g., energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin) was significantly higher in HE group (0.61 $\pm$ 0.04) than in LE group (0.48 $\pm$ 0.03) at p = 0.036. Intakes of energy, protein (total, animal and plant), fat, cholesterol, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin and riboflavin were also significantly higher in HI group than in LI and MI group (p < 0.05). Daily intakes of most nutrients were less than Korean RDA except protein ed phosphorus in HI poop, and INQs of thiamin, niacin and phosphorus were higher than 1.0, while those of calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin were lower than 1.0. MAR of energy and 9 nutrients was significantly higher in HI group (0.70 $\pm$ 0.04) than in LI group (0. 56 0.04) and MI poop (0.47 $\pm$ 0.03) at p = 0.000. In conclusion, quality of nutrient intakes, especially energy and protein, was significantly influenced by socioeconomic status such as education and monthly income (p < 0.05). This result suggests that it would be very helpful to develop nutritional education programs considering hemodialysis patients' education levels, and to improve public supports (e.g., medical insurance system, low-rate lease system of dialysis equipments, etc.) focusing on the patients' family income levels f3r their better nutrition and health.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1998

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin), an effective antitumor agent, induces acute renal failure by unknown mechanisms. To investigate direct toxic effects of cisplatin in the renal proximal tubular transport system, OK cell line was selected as a cell model and $Na^+/H^+$ antiport activity was evaluated during a course of cisplatin treatment. The cells grown to confluence were treated with cisplatin for 1 hour, washed, and incubated for up to 48 hours. At appropriate intervals, cells were examined for $Na^+/H^+$ antiport activity by measuring the recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) after acid loading. Cisplatin of less than 50 ${\mu}M$ induced no significant changes in cell viability in 24 hours, but it decreased the viability markedly after 48 hours. In cells exposed to 50 ${\mu}M$ cisplatin for 24 hours, the $Na^+-dependent$ pHi recovery (i.e., $Na^+/H^+$ antiport) was drastically inhibited with no changes in the $Na^+-independent$ recovery. Kinetic analysis of the $Na^+-dependent$ pHi recovery indicated that the Vmax was reduced, but the apparent Km was not altered. The cellular $Na^+$ and $K^+$ contents determined immediately before the transport measurement appeared to be similar in the control and cisplatin group, thus, the driving force for $Na^+-coupled$ transport was not different. These results indicate that cisplatin exposure impairs the $Na^+/H^+$ antiport capacity in OK cells. It is, therefore, possible that in patients treated with a high dose of cisplatin, proximal tubular mechanism for proton secretion (hence $HCO_3^-$ reabsorption) could be attenuated, leading to a metabolic acidosis (proximal renal tubular acidosis).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

This study was conducted to research how UCD(Ultra Constant Discharge) lamp lighting affects plant cultivation. To get the results within a short time, lettuce seedling was selected as a plant and nutrient hydroponic beds were used in a dark room for 100% artificial lighting. Two beds were installed for same distance lighting condition with UCD lamp and Hi-pressure Sodium lamp each and another two beds were installed for same light intensity condition with each type of lamp. After 15 days of cultivation, for both conditions, the yields under UCD lamp were weighed more than that under Hi-pressure Sodium lamp. The result can be analyzed that the spectrum of UCD lamp having near sunlight characteristic is much superior to that of Hi-pressure Sodium lamp having a line spectrum characteristic on yellow and red wavelengths for plant cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 1983

Total tRNA genes from Aspergillus nidulans were cloned for the further investigation of the structure and expression of Aspergillus tRNA genes. Aspergillus DNA was isolated from spores and cloned into pBR322 plasmid DNA using BamHI and $T_4$ ligase. The recombinant hybrid DNA was transformed into E. coli HB101 and some 30,000 transformants were initially selected. Of these, about 5,300 E. coli clones containing Aspergillus DNA inserted into plasmid pBR322 at BamHl site have been isolated. The hybridization data obtained from the labeled Aspergillus $^{32}P-tRNA$ indicated that 105 colonies carried the total tRNA genes. From the data above and cohybridization experiment, tRNA genes of Aspergillus nidulans seem to be twice more clustered than those of yeast.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.195-211
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of the four kinds of dental porcelains for the all-ceramic crown(Vita In-Ceram, Vita Hi-Ceram, IPS-Empress, Vitadur-N) and one kind for the metal-ceramic non(Vita VMK 68) was used as the control group. In order to determine the fracture resistance, the hi-axial flexure strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min, and the Vickers hadrness was measured at an indentation load of 1kg for 20 seconds. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The maximum Weibull modulus of 24.61 for Vitadur-N and the minimum one of 852 for IPS-Empress were observed ; the maximum characteristic strength of 353.26MPa for Vita In-Ceram and the minimum that of 63.20MPa for Vitadur-N were also observed. 2. The maximum mean bi-axial flexure strength of 339.12MPa for Vita In-Ceram and thd minimum one of 61.99MPa for Vitadur-N were calculated. Results of the Scheffe test indicated that the statistically significant difference(P<0.05) existed between Vita In-Ceram or Vita Hi-Ceram and the others ; also between IPS-Empress and Vitadur-N. 3. The maximum mean hardness of $980.55kg/mm^2$ for Vita VMK 68 appeared. Results of the Scheffe test indicated that statistically significant difference(P<0.05) existed between Vita In-Ceram or Vita Hi-Ceram and the others ; also between IPS-Empress and Vita VMK 68.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.387-389
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• 2001