• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.180-194
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• 2024

Mass mortalities of mud crab Scylla spp. larvae due to pathogenic Vibrio spp. outbreaks have frequently occurred in hatcheries. To overcome this problem, probiotics containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria are applied to inhibit pathogenic ones. We tested different doses of probiotic-containing B. subtilis (10⁸ CFU/g) on the Scylla tranquebarica larvae and investigated the microbiota population, including Vibrio. Water quality, larvae development, and crablet production were also monitored. The recently hatched larvae were grown in twelve conical fiber tanks filled with 200 L sterile seawater, with a salinity of 30 ppt at a stocking density of 80 ind/L. Four different doses of probiotics were applied in the larvae rearing, namely, A = 2.5 mg/L, B = 5 mg/L, C = 7.5 mg/L, and D = 0 mg/L, with three replicates. Next-generation sequencing analysis was used to obtain the abundance of microbes in the whole body of megalopa and the water media for larvae rearing after applying probiotics. Sixteen Raw Deoxyribonucleic Acid samples (eight from a whole body of megalopa extraction from four treatments of probiotics defined as A, B, C, D, and eight from water media extraction from four treatments of probiotic defined as E, F, G, H) were prepared. Then, they were sent to the Genetics Science Laboratory for NGS analysis. Ammonia, nitrite, total organic matter (TOM), larvae, and crablet production were monitored. Based on the Next-generation sequencing analysis data, the Vibrio spp. decreased significantly (p < 0.05) than control test (D) in megalopa-applied probiotics at the doses of 2.5 mg/L (A) and 7.5 mg/L (C) and in the water media for megalopa rearing treated with probiotics at the dosage of 5.0 mg/L (F). Ammonia in the zoea stage in B treatment and TOM in the zoea and megalopa stage in B and C treatments were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). It impacts the higher number of zoea survival in treatments B and C. Finally, it results in a significantly high crablet production in treatments B and C. Therefore, the dosage of 5 mg/L to 7.5 mg/L improves crablet S. tranquebarica production significantly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2013

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of lactation stage and individual performance on milk cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in dairy cows. In experiment 1, the milk cis-9, trans-11 CLA content from dairy cows in early ($0.33{\pm}0.014%$), middle ($0.37{\pm}0.010%$), and late stages ($0.44{\pm}0.020%$) showed significant differences (p<0.05); and the individual contents of the major fatty acids, especially cis-9, trans-11 CLA in cows of the same lactation were also variable. In the second experiment design as a validation test, our results once again showed that the individual contents of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were various, and a difference of about 2-fold (0.55% vs 0.95%) was observed, although the animals were offered same diet. These data demonstrated that lactation stage and individual performance have considerable effects on milk cis-9, trans-11 CLA contents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

To determine that Paragonimus sp. is actively transmitted in a tropical area of the Pacific region of Ecuador where human cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis have recently been documented, a total of 75 freshwater crabs were collected from 2 different streams in the Pedernales area of $Manab\acute{i}$ Province, Ecuador. All collected crabs were identified as Hypolobocera guayaquilensis based on morphological characteristics of the male gonopods. The hepatopancreas of each crab was examined by compressing it between 2 glass plates followed by observation under a stereomicroscope. Excysted Paragonimus metacercariae were detected in 39 (52.0%) crabs and their densities varied from 1 to 32 per infected crab. There was a positive relationship between crab size and metacercarial density. Sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene of the Paragonimus metacercariae obtained in this study were identical to those of Paragonimus mexicanus deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database. Thus, the present study is the first to confirm that the crab species H. guayaquilensis is the second intermediate host of P. mexicanus in $Manab\acute{i}$ Province, Ecuador. Because this crab might be the possible source of human infections in this area, residents should pay attention to improper crab-eating habits related with a neglected parasitic disease, i.e., paragonimiasis.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.194-206
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of the pond system for further polishing of treatment wetland effluent to agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. The constructed wetland and pond system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent from septic tank of school building was used as an influent to the wetland system. The effluent of the wetland was used as an influent to pond systems. The influent concentrations of total coliform(TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli were about $10^5$MPN/100 ml, and they were reduced to less than 10,000 MPN/100 ml on average after wetland treatments, showing over 95 % removal. And they were further reduced to less than 1,000 MPN/100 ml in average, showing over 85∼93 % removal after pond treatment. Turbidity and SS were improved effectively on average and their pond effluent concentration was about 4.5 NTU and 9.8 mg/L in average, respectively Average $BOD^5$ concentrations were also reduced substantially to 9.3 mg/L with about 83 % removal rate after wetland and pond treatment systems. Nutrients removal was relatively low and removal rate for T-N and T-P was less than 43 and 44%, respectively after wetland and pond treatment. Considering stable performance and effective removal of bacterial indicators as well as other water quality parameters, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, pond system was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. This paper describes a preliminary result Iron pilot study and further investigations are recommended on the optimum design parameters before full scale application.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1994

쌀의 돌연변이 억제초과를 검토하기 위해 여러 돌연변이 유발원(3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-2), sodium azide(SA), 2-nitrofluorene(2NF), mitomycin C(MMC), aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ 및 4-nitroquinoline oxide(4-NQO))에 대한 쌀 추출물들의 억제효과를 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, SOS chromotest 및 spore rec-assay로 조사하였다. S. typhimurium TA 98 및 TA 100을 이용한 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay에서 현미(일품벼) 메탄올 추출물이 핵산, 클로로포름 및 물 추출물 보다 억제효과가 크게 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물의 경우, 간접변이원(Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2 및 $AFB_1$)에 대한 억제효과가 약 85% 이상으로써, 직접변이원(4-NQO, 2NF)에 대한 효과 보다 크게 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물은 E. coli PQ37을 이용한 SOS chromotest에서도 Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, $AFB_1$ 및 4-NQO에 의한 SOS유도에 대해 $77.6{\sim}88.9%$의 억제작용을 나타내었고, B. subtilis $H17(rec^+)$과 $M45(rec^-)$를 사용한 spore recassay에서도 양성대조구인 $AFB_1$ 및 MMC에 의한 저지대의 차이를 감소시켜 억제작용을 나타내었다. 현미(일품벼)의 메탄올 추출물은 농도가 증가함에 따라 돌연변이 억제효과가 증가하였으나, 농도가 5 mg/plate(5%) 이상에서는 억제효과가 약 90%로 일정하였다. 쌀 품종별 메탄올 추출물의 억제효과는 조사된 11개 품종 모두에게서 나타나, 직접변이원인 2NF에 대해 $4.1{\sim}75.2%$의 억제를, 간접 변이원인 Trp-P-1에 대해 $99.5{\sim}100.2%$의 억제를 나타내었다. 백미와 현미(일품벼)간의 돌연변이 억제효과를 비교해 볼 경우, Trp-P-1 및 Trp-P-2에 의한 변이에 대해서는 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 4-NQO에 의한 변이에 대해서는 현미의 효과가 높았다(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2009

Ninety six intact male sheep (12 months old with mean live weight of about 35 kg) were used to assess the effects of restricted feeding on intake, digestion, nitrogen balance and metabolizable energy (ME). The animals were selected from two known Iranian small and large body size breeds: 48 Sangsari (S) and 48 Afshari (A), and were divided into two equal groups: restricted (R) and a control (C). Each group had 48 sheep (24 each breed). The experiment had a duration of 15 and 75 days adaptation and treatment periods, respectively. The animals were individually placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on pelleted concentrate mixture consisting of alfalfa, barley grain, cottonseed meal and barley straw. The animals in group C were fed ad libitum, while animals in group R were fed at maintenance level and maintained a relatively constant live weight. During the experiment, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of S and A animals in R group was 0.34 and -0.25 g/d (0.02 and -0.02 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. While that of S and A animals in C group was 174.4 and 194.4 g/d (10.16 and 11.48 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. Nitrogen (N) was determined by both measured and regression methods. Animals of R group stayed at about zero N balance (0.01 and -0.00 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A animals, respectively). The N retention of animals of both S and A breeds in C group were similar (0.45 and 0.46 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$, respectively). Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) were measured by both constant weight technique and regression method by regressing N balance on DOMI and ME intake on ADG. The measured DOMI during constant weight was 24.61 and 24.27 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated DOMI from regression equation was 24.24 and 24.22 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$, for S and A animals, respectively. The measured MEm was 402 and 401 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated MEm from regression analysis was 398 and 400 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A breeds, respectively. There were no significant differences between both measured and regression techniques. There was no significant difference between S and A breeds for DOMI, N retention, MEm, digestibility and metabolizability values. Digestibility values for OM, GE and CP and metabolizability were significantly (p<0.05) higher in restricted feeding sheep compared with that of sheep fed ad libitum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of donor cell passage, size and type on the development of nuclear transfer embryos. Porcine cumulus cells, fetal fibroblasts and oviductal epithelial cells from 1-2, 3-6 and 7-10 passages were used for the nuclear transfer. In the oocytes with the cumulus donor cells, fusion and cleavage rates of oocytes and cell numbers per blastocyst among the three different passage groups did not show any differences, but the rates of blastocyst formation from 1-2 and 3-6 passage groups were higher than those from 7-10 passage group. The rates of fusion, cleavage and blastocyst formation, and the cell numbers per blastocyst were higher in the embryos with the sizes of <20 and 20 ${\mu}m$ cumulus donor cells compared to the >20 ${\mu}m$ cumulus donor cell. In the oocytes with the fetal fibroblast donor cells, the rate of blastocyst formation from the 3-6 passage group was higher than from 1-2 and 7-10 passage groups. The embryos with the size of 20 $\mu{m}$ fetal fibroblast donor cell showed higher rate of blastocyst formation compared to those with <20 and >20 ${\mu}m$ donor cells. In the oocytes with the oviductal epithelial cells, the rates of blastocyst formation from 1-2 and 3-6 passage groups were higher compared to those from 7-10 passage group. The embryos with the sizes of <20 and 20 ${\mu}m$ oviductal epithelial donor cells had a higher rate of blastocyst formation compared to those with >20 ${\mu}m$ donor cell. Fusion and cleavage rates of oocytes, and cell numbers per blastocyst among the three different donor cell types from the 3-6 passage did not show any differences. However, the rate of blastocyst formation of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos with the fetal fibroblast donor cell was higher than that of blastocyst formation of SCNT embryos with the cumulus and oviductal epithelial donor cells.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2017

이 연구는 2015년 5월부터 12월까지 우리나라 동해안에 위치한 강릉, 울진, 부산 일대에서 천연 해조장 및 서식환경 특성을 분석하였다. 연구기간 동안 출현한 해조류는 총 96종이었으며, 분류군별로는 녹조류 9종, 갈조류 23종, 홍조류 64종이었다. 강릉의 경우, 미끈뼈대그물말(D. divaricata)이 정점별로 $173.2{\sim}613.8g\;m^{-2}$로 가장 높은 생물량을 보였고, 가는보라색우무(S. linearis)가 $360.8{\sim}520.4g\;m^{-2}$, 미역(U. pinnatifida)이 $25.9{\sim}470.8g\;m^{-2}$로 생물량이 높았다. 울진에서는 참곱슬이(P. telfairiae)가 $5.5{\sim}256.2g\;m^{-2}$, 구멍쇠미역(A. clathratum)이 $46.8{\sim}241.5g\;m^{-2}$로 생물량이 높았다. 부산에서 높은 생물량을 보인 해조류는 큰잎모자반(S. coreanum)으로 $388.1{\sim}6,972.4g\;m^{-2}$였고, 감태(E. cava)도 $194.9{\sim}958.5g\;m^{-2}$로 다른 해조류에 비해 상대적으로 높은 생물량을 나타냈다. 생체량 비율의 경우, 강릉에서 0.0 ~ 55.5 %로 평균 19.2 %를 나타내 울진과 부산에 비해 상대적으로 가장 낮았다. 울진에서는 36.8 ~ 73.3 %으로 평균 63.8 %를 보였으며, 부산은 평균 48.5 %였다. 갯녹음 비율은 강릉에서 평균 46.7 %의 비율을 나타냈고, 울진에서는 평균 91.1 %의 높은 비율을 나타냈으며 이번 연구에서 다른 지역에 비해 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 조식성 동물의 밀도는 강릉에서 평균 6.0 개체/$m^2$로 분석되었고, 울진에서는 7.0 개체/$m^2$를 나타냈으며 부산에서 2.0 개체/$m^2$로 전체 지역 중에서 가장 낮은 조식성 동물 밀도를 보였다. 결론적으로 이전 연구결과와 비교하여 종조성, 출현비율, 밀도는 유사하게 나타났다. 하지만 지구 온난화, 기후변화, 해안개발 등에 의한 물리적, 화학적 오염과 관련하여 지속적인 모니터링 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.272-289
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• 2017

본 연구는 전라남도 도서지역 귀화식물의 분포 현황을 도서생물지리학적 관점에서 분석하였다. 유인도 47곳, 무인도 194곳의 식물상 자료를 분석한 결과 귀화식물은 30과 134종이 분포한다. 분포역이 가장 넓은 종은 소리쟁이(Rumex crispus)로 모두 141곳의 도서에 분포한다. 도서별 평균 귀화식물 종수는 유인도 20.6종(${\pm}14.22$), 무인도 3.7종(${\pm}3.89$)이다. 도서별로는 여수시 금오도가 59종으로 가장 많다. 자생식물 대비 귀화식물의 비율인 귀화율은 유인도서 7.66%(${\pm}3.96$), 무인도서 4.97%(${\pm}3.70$)이다. 지역별로는 전라남도 서해 도서지역 귀화율이 5.92%(${\pm}4.49$)로 남해 도서지역 4.96%(${\pm}2.15$)보다 높다. 특히 유인도서 내 귀화율은 서해 도서지역 8.39%(${\pm}4.37$), 남해 도서지역 5.80%(${\pm}1.41$)로 그 차이가 더 크다. 도서지역 귀화식물 귀화율은 섬의 크기와 유의한 양의 관계(r=0.412, p<0.01)를 갖지만, 육지로부터의 거리, 해발고도와의 상관성은 유의하지 않다. 법정 생태계 교란종은 8종이 분포하며 종에 따라 분포역에 차이가 있다. 이와 같은 도서 및 지역 간 차이는 물리적 환경 차이와 함께 육지와의 왕래 정도, 경작에 따른 토지 간섭 등 자연 및 인문 환경요인이 복합적으로 반영된 결과로 보인다. 도서지역은 서식지가 제한적이기 때문에 외부로부터 유입되는 종이나 각종 환경 변화에 취약할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 도서지역 외래종에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 관리가 필요하다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2023

목적: 선천면역장애 환자들은 감염에 취약할 뿐만 아니라, 면역이 정상인 사람들에 비해 암 발생률도 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 단일 기관에서 추적 중인 선천면역장애 환자들에서의 암 발생을 조사하여 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1994년 11월부터 2023년 9월까지 삼성서울병원에서 선천면역장애 진단 하에 추적하는 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 리뷰하였다. 선천면역장애 환자 중에서 암으로 진단된 환자를 확인하였다. 결과: 총 194명의 선천면역장애 환자 중, 7명(3.6%)의 환자에서 암이 진단되었다. 5명의 환자가 림프종으로 진단받았으며 그 중 4명의 환자는 Epstein-Barr 바이러스 연관 림프종이었다. 나머지 암은 위암과 다발 골수종이었다. 암 진단 당시 나이는 중앙값 18세 (범위, 1세–75세)였다. 암이 발생한 환자들의 면역결핍 질환은 X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder-1 (XLP-1) 3명, activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta disease (APDS) 2명, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) haplo-insufficiency 2명이었다. 개별 질환별로 분석하였을 때, XLP-1 환자의 75.0%, APDS 환자의 40.0%, CTLA-4 환자의 50.0%에서 암이 발생하였다. XLP-1 환자는 APDS 및 CTLA-4 haplo-insufficiency 환자에 비해 더 이른 나이에 암이 발생하였다 (중앙연령 5세, P<0.001). 한 명은 조혈모세포 이식 치료 중 사망하였다. 결론: 국내 단일 기관에서 진료받는 선천면역장애 환자들의 3.6%에서 암이 발생하였다. 선천면역장애 환자들을 진료하는 의료진들은 이들 환자에서 감염이나 염증 등의 문제외에도 암 발생의 가능성, 특히 Epstein-Barr 바이러스 감염과 연관된 암의 비중이 높은 것에 대한 인식을 갖는 것이 중요하다.