• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2 s.90
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• pp.176-186
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to clarify the structure and dynamics of copepod community and the relationship between this community and environmental factors during the period from February 1998 to July 1999. Copepods consists of 21 genera and 32 species, monthly variations of number of species were 15 species in May, 1998 and 2 species November, 1998. The number of species were 22 species in station 12 and station 1, 2, 3 occurred nauplii of copepoda only. Average abundance ranged from $8,330\;ind./m^3$ (in June, 1999) to $177\;ind./m^3$ (in November, 1998). Relationships between water temperature and number of species were as follows: 20 species occurred from 20.1 to $25.0^{\circ}C$ and nuplii of copepoda only occurred from 0.0 to $5.0^{\circ}C$. The number of species by salinity range were 19 species in $20.1{\sim}25.0%_o$ and 9 species in $0{\sim}0.5%_o$. The number of species by trophic state index (TSIm) of chlorophyll a were 25 species in oligotrophic state and 9 species in eutrophic state. Relationships between pH and number of species were as follows: 20 species occurred from 7.6 to 8.0 and from 9.1 to 9.5 was none. The number of species by DO range were 22 species in 6.5 to 7.5 mg/l and 1 species in 14.5 to 15.5 mg/l. The percentage calculated effect by stepwise multiple regression of the pearson correlation coefficient value of environmental factors and copepoda abundance (station 1-station 4) revealed that positive effect was 15.49% in COD, 25.86% in $Cl^-$, 19.75% in $NO_2-N$ and negative effect was 28.30% in $NO_3-N$. Also, Positive effect (station 5-station 12) revealed that 29.49% in water temperature, 28.27% in $NO_3-N$, 22.87% in $NO_2-N$ and negative effect was 30.18% in conductivity and 13.53% in DO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1510-1518
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• 2010

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lighting schedule and nutrient density on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 576 day old Arbor Acre male chickens was used with a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The four lighting schedules were continuous (23 L:1 D, CL), 20 L:4 D (12 L:2 D:8 L:2 D), 16 L:8 D (12 L:3 D:2 L:3 D: 2 L:2 D) and 12 L:12 D (9 L:3 D:1 L:3 D:1 L:3 D:1 L:3 D) and provided by incandescent bulbs. The two nutrient densities were high (H, starter diet: 13.39 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME), 23.00% crude protein (CP); finisher diet: 13.39 MJ AME/kg, 19.70% CP) and low energy and protein level (L, starter diet: 12.03 MJ AME/kg, 20.80% CP; finisher diet: 12.14 MJ AME/kg, 18.30% CP). Houses with dark curtains and solid sidewalls were used. Chickens were randomly allocated to the 8 treatments with each treatment comprising 6 replicates of 12 chickens. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Lighting schedules showed no difference (p>0.05) in growth performance at the end of the experiment. 12 L:12 D significantly reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to 23 L:1 D treatment. Intermittent lighting (IL) schedules produced higher protein content (p<0.001) in breast meat. Birds on high density diets had higher body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) (p<0.001), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) throughout the experiment with the exception of 36 to 42 d. High nutrient density increased (p<0.05) abdominal fat, decreased (p<0.05) the moisture loss of meat, and reduced percentage of wings and legs. There was a significant lighting schedule${\times}$diet interaction (p<0.001) on FCR for days 8 to 14 and 15 to 21. Results indicated that IL can give similar growth performance in comparison with CL, meanwhile with positive effects on meat quality by increasing protein content and decreasing the concentration of MDA. High nutrient density resulted in greater growth performance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.415-418
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• 2000

Productivity of a rice plant is greatly influenced by salt stress. One of the ways to achieve tolerance to salinity is to transfer genes encoding protective enzymes from other organisms, such as microorganisms. The bacterial gene, mtlD, which encodes mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mtl-DH), was introduced to the cytosol of a rice plant by an imbibition technique to overproduce mannitol. The germination and survival rate of the imbibed rice seeds were markedly increased by transferring the mtlD gene when it was delivered in either a pBIN19 or pBmin binary vector. When a polymerase chain reaction was performed with the genomic DNAs of the imbibed rice leaves as a template and with mtlD-specific primers, several lines were shown to contain an exogenous mtlD DNA. However, a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that not all of them showed an expression of this foreign gene. This paper demonstrates that the growth and germination of rice plants transiently transformed with the bacterial gene, mtlD, are enhanced and these enhancements may have resulted from the experssion of the mtlD gene. The imbibition method empolyed in this study fulfills the requirements for testing the function of such a putative gene in vivo prior to the production of a stable transgenic plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2011

Using 2006 metropolitan household travel survey data, this study analyzes trip behaviors based on a concept of trip chains using both trip purpose and number of trip linkages. For the analysis, trip chains are classified into two groups depending on including commute trips. Each group is further classified into a single linkage (i.e., Origin-Destination trips without any intermediate stop-by) and multiple linkages (Origin-Destination trip with at least one intermediate stop-by). The analysis is conducted using the two-step Nested Logit Model. Computational results identifying the characteristics of single and multiple linkages show that the young, male and office employee drivers tend to have more multiple linkages than single linkages in their trips. In contrast, it is shown that a driver whose monthly income is less than 3,000,000 Korean Won with a longer commute time more likely to make a trip chain with single linkages (p<0.0001).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2004

Tooth is the most important element in esthetic consideration on facial area. Tooth alignment which is in harmony with gingiva, lips, and face is also key element. The purpose of this study was to give a clinical discipline for restoration of gingival contour, which contains a ratio of maxillary 6 anterior teeth, research for gingival contour etc., in case of rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth. 300 Dankook university dental school students ,who is their twenties and free from periodontitis, participate in this study. The result was from each 70 males and females who had normal occlusion and tooth alignment. Length, width and length/width ratio of maxillary 6 anterior teeth were 0.74-0.81 in male, 0.81-0.84 in female. There was significant difference between male and female. The most deepest position of gingiva in maxillary central incisor and canine was located in distal part of teeth and maxillary lateral incisor was middle portion. In maxillary central incisors, gingival line of the most deepest point appeared significant difference between male and female (p<0.01) whereas there was no difference in lateral incisors and canines. Distance between interdental papilla apex and the most deepest portion appeared significant difference between male and female. Distance of the deepest position of gingiva is statistically significant except maxillary central incisors and lateral incisors. Standard deviation and mean of the width of labio-lingual were measured in cervical area and there was a significant difference both male and female.(p<0.01) From this result, we could get the mean of maxillary anterior gingival line and these results have great value in clinical guidance in studying maxillary anterior teeth.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.673-677
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• 1996

Four low fat ground beef groups containing 10% fat plus 0, 5, 10 and 20% additional cooked old rice and a control ground beef containing 30% fat were prepared and their cholesterol contents, calories and production costs were investigated to find out the appropriateness of addition of cooked old rice. There were no differences in pHs with the variations in fat content and the content of cooked old rice. As the amount of added cooked old rice increased from 5 to 20%, cook yield of ground beef also increased. When the fat content of beef was reduced from 30 to 10%, the cholesterol content of beef was not reduced but with the fat content fixed to 10% and the content of added cooked old rice increased from 5 to 20%, the cholesterol content of ground beef decreased. Calories of ground beef were reduced by approximately 50% with the reduction of fat content from 30 to 10% and production costs decreased with the increase in the content of added cooked old rice.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2015

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. The first vaccine, RotaShield was developed, but withdrawn because of its association with increased risk of intussusception. Then, RotaTeq and Rotarix were developed. Although in pre-licensure studies, they were not associated with an increased risk of intussusceptions, in recent studies, it has been controversial. Regarding increased risk of intussusception, we studied the difference in the age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 136 patients diagnosed with intussusception at Yeungnam University Medical Center for 4 years in the pre-vaccination period (group A) and in the post vaccination period (group B). Sex, mean age and age distribution of intussusceptions were compared according to the type of rotavirus vaccine (group B-1, RotaTeq; group B-2, Rotarix). Results: The median ages of group A and group B were $18.8{\pm}19.6months$ and $15.5{\pm}10.2months$, with no significant differences (p=0.23). The median ages of group B-1 and group B-2 were $15.3{\pm}9.3months$ and $15.6{\pm}10.8months$, with no significant differences (p=0.91). And No significant difference in the distribution of onset age was observed between groups, and only 6 patients were diagnosed with intussusceptions within 1 month after vaccination. Conclusion: No difference was observed in the distribution of onset age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and according to the type of rotavirus vaccine. Our study has a limitation in that it was conducted in part of the Daegu area. Additional study is needed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.655-664
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to observe the degree of surface obliteration of dentinal tubule using Gluma(R) desensitizer and MS coat(R) with 15 specimens made out of 15 extracted lower incisors. They were divided into Root planning group(control), Gluma(R) desensitizer group(test I ) and MS coat(R) group(test II). Degree of Obliteration was examined under the scanning electron microscope(${\times}$2000). The following results were obtained: 1. In the root planning group(control), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 73.8%, the partial obliteration for 17.2% and the complete obliteration for 9.0%. 2. In the Gluma(R) desensitizer group (test I), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 23.6%, the partial obliteration for 42.8% and the complete obliteration for 33.6%. 3. In the MS coat(R) group (test II), the complete open of dentinal tubule surface was accounted for 19.2%, the partial obliteration for 45.6% and the complete obliteration for 35.2%. 4. The average number of open dentinal tubules in the control was significantly higher than in the test I and II (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the test I and II. 5. The average number of the partially obliterated and the completely blocked dentinal tubules in the control was significantly lower than the test I and II(P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the test I and II. The results of this study suggest that Gluma(R) desensitizer and MS coat(R) is significantly effective on dentinal tubule obliteration, therefore they were effective on hypersensitivity caused by periodontal treatment

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2017

Background Many difficulties exist in establishing a treatment plan for slow-flow vascular malformation (SFVM). In particular, little research has been conducted on the surgical treatment of SFVMs. Thus, we investigated what proportion of SFVM patients were candidates for surgical treatment in clinical practice and how useful surgical treatment was in those patients. Methods This study included 109 SFVM patients who received care at the authors' clinic from 2007 to 2015. We classified the patients as operable or non-operable, and analyzed whether the operability and the extent of the excision varied according to the subtype and location of the SFVM. Additionally, we investigated complications and self-assessed satisfaction scores. Results Of the 109 SFVM patients, 59 (54%) were operable, while 50 (46%) were non-operable. Total excision could be performed in 44% of the operable SFVM patients. Lymphatic malformations were frequently non-operable, while capillary malformations were relatively operable (P=0.042). Total excision of venous malformations could generally be performed, while lymphatic malformations and combined vascular malformations generally could only undergo partial excision (P=0.048). Complications occurred in 11% of the SFVM patients who underwent surgery; these were minor complications, except for 1 case. The average overall satisfaction score was 4.19 out of 5. Conclusions Based on many years of experience, we found that approximately half (54%) of SFVM patients were able to undergo surgery, and around half (44%) of those patients were able to fully recover after a total excision. Among the patients who underwent surgical treatment, high satisfaction was found overall and relatively few complications were reported.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the Missing Teeth (MT; mean number of missing permanent teeth) index experienced by year for adults between the ages of 19 and 64. Methods: This study was conducted by analyzing the raw data of participants in the 4th to 8th periods of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). For the statistical program, IBM SPSS / WIN 26 was used and an independent sample t-test was performed. Results: The average number of MT by year showed a decreasing trend. In 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2011, the average number of MT by sex was higher among females, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, in 2019, males had a higher average number of MT than females, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Males had a higher average number of MT than females in Korea, so it is considered that oral health programs or oral hygiene management according to sex are necessary.