• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2000

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower seed, ipriflavone and estrogen on ovariectomized rats. The rats were fed with Ca and P deficient diet for five weeks to induce osteoporosis. After this period, these animals were fed with normal feed and treated every other day with antler(600 mg/kg, p.o), red ginseng(200 mg/kg, p.o), safflower(200 mg/kg, p.o), ipriflavone(80 mg/kg, p.o) and estrogene(400$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.m) for 5 weeks. During the treatment, the rats were examined for serum concentrations of estradiol, calcitonin, Ca, p and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities. The results are summarized as follows 1. The levels of serum 17 $\beta$-estradiol after five weeks of treatment were showed 39.6$\pm$3.0 pg/ml by antler, 33.2$\pm$2.5pg/ml by red ginseng, 34.9$\pm$2.4pg/ml by safflower, 28.1$\pm$3.1 pg/ml by ipriflavone and 40.6$\pm$3.0pg/ml by estrogen-treated group. They were lower than 50.8$\pm$3.1pg/ml of normal control group which had not received ovariectomy. They, however, were significantly higher than 26.8$\pm$1.8pg/ml of ovariectomized non-treatment group(p<0.05). 2. The levels of serum calcitonin after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.60$\pm$0.02 ng/ml by antler, 0.55$\pm$0.04ng/ml by red ginseng, 0.59$\pm$0.02ng/ml by safflower, 0.56$\pm$0.04ng/ml by ipriflavone and 0.62$\pm$0.02ng/ml by estrogen-treated group. They were lower than 0.67$\pm$0.03pg/ml of normal control group. However, they were significantly higher than 0.45$\pm$0.05ng/ml of ovariectomized non-treatment group(p<0.05). 3. The levels of serum Ca of the rats after five weeks of treatment with antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen were 23.51$\pm$2.19$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 25.22$\pm$3.44$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 23.20$\pm$0.02$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 24.76$\pm$3.57$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 23.07$\pm$3.66$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, respectively. They were a bit higher than 21.43$\pm$2.22$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 26.12$\pm$0.29$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ which was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). 4. The serum P concentraions after five weeks of treatment were showed 12.11$\pm$2.14$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ by antler, 13.18$\pm$1.64u91m4 by red ginseng, 12.67 $\pm$2.31$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ by safflower, 12.38$\pm$2.07$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ by ipriflavone, 11.86$\pm$1.93$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ by estrogen-treated group. They were a bit higher than 11.29$\pm$1.23$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 13.42$\pm$1.87$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ which was higher than that of control group but not significant. 5. The levels of serum ALP after five weeks of treatment were showed 164.8$\pm$3.8IU/ml by antler, 277.7$\pm$4.8IU/ml by red ginseng, 288.5$\pm$4.5IU/ml by safflower, 214.7$\pm$5.7IU/ml by ipriflavone and 159.4$\pm$5.4IU/ml by estrogen-treated group. They were significantly higher than 144.1$\pm$3.5IU/ml of normal control group(p<0.05). However, they were significantly lower than 336.9 $\pm$12.7IU/ml of ovariectomized non-treatment group(p<0.05). Antler and safflower elevated serum estradiol and calcitonin, and decreased serum ALP significantly. Therefore they were thought to have therapeutic effect on osteoposis by making inhibitory effect on osteoclasts rather than activating osteoblasts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.423-431
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• 2014

Korean, and identified the correlation of a constipation with life style, heat and cold symptoms, stress and life quality of them. We also identified the relationships of the constipation with stress and life quality. A Survey was conducted from April 23, 2010 to October 25, 2010 for 464 women and the collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 19.0. In the result, the constipation group appealed for cold stomach(p=.008), dyspepsia(p=.006), and tiredness(p=.001). more often than the normal group. The constipation group experienced Dreaming(p=.003), light sleeping(p=.007) and a trouble in sleeping(p=.001) more often, which impaired the quality of sleeping. Compared to the normal group, the constipation group also showed a tendency of high stress and low life quality. Based on the results, all the factors of heat and cold symptom, life style, stress and life quality should be considered when developing medications for the prevention and improvement of constipation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2017

p-Coumaric acid is an organic compound that is a hydroxyl derivative of cinnamic acid. Due to its multiple biological activities p-coumaric acid has been widely studied in biochemical and cellular systems and is also considered as a useful therapeutic candidate for various neuronal diseases. However, the efficacy of p-coumaric acid on zebrafish developmental regulation has not been fully explored. In this study, therefore, we first investigated the action mechanism of the p-coumaric acid on the zebrafish development in a whole-organism model. p-Coumaric acid treated group significantly inhibited the pigmentation of the developing zebrafish embryos compared with control embryos without any severe side effects. In addition, p-coumaric acid down-regulated more effectively in a lower concentration than the well-known zebrafish's melanogenic inhibitor, phenylthiourea. We also compared the molecular docking property of p-coumaric acid with phenylthiourea on the tyrosinase's kojic acid binding site, which is the key enzyme of zebrafish embryo pigmentation. Interestingly, p-coumaric acid interacted with higher numbers of the amino acid residues and exhibited a tight binding affinity to the enzyme than phenylthiourea. Taken all together, these results strongly suggest that p-coumaric acid inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, consequently down-regulating zebrafish embryo pigmentation, and might play an important role in the reduction of dermal pigmentation. Thus, p-coumaric acid can be an effective and non-toxic ingredient for anti-melanogenesis functional materials.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.511-528
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• 2008

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and $\upsilon$ be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple $\upsilon$-ideals $m\;=\;P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdots}\;{\supset}\;P_t\;=\;P$ and all the other $\upsilon$-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones [17]. Lipman further showed that the predecessor of the smallest simple $\upsilon$-ideal P is either simple or the product of two simple $\upsilon$-ideals. The simple integrally closed ideal P is said to be free for the former and satellite for the later. In this paper we describe the sequence of simple $\upsilon$-ideals when P is satellite of order 3 in terms of the invariant $b_{\upsilon}\;=\;|\upsilon(x)\;-\;\upsilon(y)|$, where $\upsilon$ is the prime divisor associated to P and m = (x, y). Denote $b_{\upsilon}$ by b and let b = 3k + 1 for k = 0, 1, 2. Let $n_i$ be the number of nonmaximal simple $\upsilon$-ideals of order i for i = 1, 2, 3. We show that the numbers $n_{\upsilon}$ = ($n_1$, $n_2$, $n_3$) = (${\lceil}\frac{b+1}{3}{\rceil}$, 1, 1) and that the rank of P is ${\lceil}\frac{b+7}{3}{\rceil}$ = k + 3. We then describe all the $\upsilon$-ideals from m to P as products of those simple $\upsilon$-ideals. In particular, we find the conductor ideal and the $\upsilon$-predecessor of the given ideal P in cases of b = 1, 2 and for b = 3k + 1, 3k + 2, 3k for $k\;{\geq}\;1$. We also find the value semigroup $\upsilon(R)$ of a satellite simple valuation ideal P of order 3 in terms of $b_{\upsilon}$.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of middle-aged women's social support, self-efficacy, and perceived health status on aging anxiety. Methods: Research subjects were 210 middle-aged women between 40 - 60 years living in G-city. Data were collected from July $21^{st}$ 2014 to August $8^{th}$ using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using t-test, One way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: Aging anxiety showed statistically significant differences in religion (t=2.44, p=.015), satisfaction with married life (F=4.39, p=.014), type of leisure activity (F=8.09, p<.001), and number of friends (F=3.23, p=.024). Aging anxiety showed correlation with social support (r=-.21, p=.003), self-efficacy (r=-.46, p<.001), and perceived health status (r=-.33, p<.001). Factors affecting aging anxiety were self-efficacy (${\beta}=-.33$, p<.001), perceived health status (${\beta}=-.23$, p<.001), leisure activity type (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.010), and religious affiliation (${\beta}=-.17$, p=.038). The predictive power of these variables was 25% (F=18.63, p<.001). Conclusion: Nursing intervention strategies for improving self-efficacy, perceived health status, and leisure activity are required to relieve aging anxiety of middle-aged women.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.33-48
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to assess the effects of incense smokes of 'Cheung-Woon' on the concentration and EEG in healthy individuals. Methods : A total of 48 healthy volunteers participated in this study. The volunteers were examined with K-MAS, CBT(Corsi block tapping task), and EEG before and after smelling the incense smokes of 'Cheung-Woon'. K-MAS measured the recalled words, and CBT measured the recalled positions and orders of the color boxes. EEG measured the relative power of ${\theta}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave, SMR wave, mid-${\beta}$ wave, high-${\beta}$ wave, ${\gamma}$ wave and T(concentraion index T = (SMR wave + mid-${\beta}$ wave) / ${\theta}$ wave). 'Cheung-Woon' consists of 7 herbal powder, known as a useful effect on the concentration and memory. Results : After smelling 'Cheung-Woon', K-MAS were increased significantly(p<0.05). In relative power of ${\theta}$ wave, F4, T3, and P4 were decreased significantly(p<0.05) and P3 was also decreased significantly(p<0.01). In the relative power of ${\alpha}$ wave, SMR wave, and mid-${\beta}$ wave, the values were not significant. In the relative power of high-${\beta}$ wave, Fp1, and P4 were increased significantly(p<0.05). In relative power of ${\gamma}$ wave, T3 were increased significantly (p<0.05). In T value, F4, T3, T4, and P4 were increased significantly(p<0.05) and P3 were also increased significantly(p<0.01). Conclusions : This results show that smelling incense smokes of 'Cheung-Woon' is an effective way of increasing concentration and memory.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.265-277
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence and career preparation behavior on self-directed learning ability in high school girls. Data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires from 231 high school girls in May, 2019. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The result showed that self-directed learning ability was positively correlated with emotional intelligence(r=.560, p<.001) and career preparation behavior(r=.232, p<.001). Enter multiple regression revealed emotional intelligence(β=.515, p<.001), grade 'average'(β=.376, p<.001), grade 'good'(β=.274, p<.001) and career preparation behavior(β=.128, p<.05) to be significant predictors of self-directed learning ability. These variables accounted for 44.0% of self-directed learning ability. The result of this study suggest that emotional intelligence and career preparation behavior be considered when developing strategies to increase self-directed learning ability in high school girls.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the factors that affect the views on marriage of male and female students. Of the students recruited, 172 were male, and 185 were female. Data were collected using questionnaires about views on marriage, children, gender roles, and gender attitudes and were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 23.0 program. Data were collected from May 1, 2019 to June 15, 2019. The significant predictors of views on marriage were views on children(F=29.530, p<.001), gender roles(F=9.850, p<.001) and gender attitudes(F=7.038 p=.009), explaining 33.4% of the variance in male, were views on children(F=48.767, p<.001), gender attitudes(F=32.204, p<.001) and gender roles(F=18.904, p<.001), explaining 43.8% of the variance in female. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve views on students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors for professional consciousness of caregivers and provide basic data that could help develop a intervention to promote their professional consciousness. For this descriptive research, a survey was conducted to collect data from 110 caregivers in G City for six weeks in September 2019. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used. They scored 3.41 for calling and 3.23 for Communication Competence and 4.12 for job satisfaction. Professional consciousness was positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=.636, p<.001) and calling (r=.356, p<.001) and Communication Competence (r=.378 p<.001). job satisfaction (B=.329, p<.001), followed by Communication Competence (B=.216, p<.001) and calling(B=.165, p=.002), had the strongest impact on professional consciousness, accounting for 57.5% in general. It is necessary to give job satisfaction reinforcement training constantly in long-term care givers. It is also necessary to conduct education and research that can promote professional consciousness.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1186-1190
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• 2000

Effects of pine needle on lipid composition and TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were investigated in rat fed high cholesterol. Plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in pine needle group(P<0.05), however plasma HDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol showed no significantly different(P>0.05). Contents of plasma TBARS ranged from 23.15 nmol/ml to 35.38 nmol/ml and pine needle feeding resulted in a decrease in plasma TBARS(P<0.05). Contents of TBARS in liver showed a tendency to increase in the cholesterol group, however these values were lowered by pine needle feeding(P<0.05). Activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver alues showed no significantly different among treatment groups (P>0.05).