• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2004

In a ring $R_n(K,\;J)$ where K is a commutative ring with identity and J is an ideal of K, all prime ideals of $R_n(K,\;J)$ are of the form either $M_n(P)\;o;R_n(P,\;P\;{\cap}\;J)$. Therefore there is a one to one correspondence between prime ideals of K not containing J and prime ideals of $R_n(K,\;J)$.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.33-40
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• 1999

Park and Ride(P＆R) system has not implemented it's intended object in Seoul metropolitan area, still less it didn't impact on diminishing the ridership of urban railway. This paper is focused on analysis of Park and Rail ride user survey of travel behavior and trip chain. We propose the ideal location of P＆R in Seoul and stratagies to increase the utilization of P＆R.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2014

We study some results which concern the types of Noetherian local rings, and improve slightly the previous result: For a complete unmixed (or quasi-unmixed) Noetherian local ring A, we prove that if either $A_p$ is Cohen-Macaulay, or $r(Ap){\leq}depth$ $A_p+1$ for every prime ideal p in A, then A is Cohen-Macaulay. Also, some analogous results for modules are considered.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.618-626
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• 2014

소비자들이 좋아하는 사과의 특성을 도출하고자 국내의 주된 사과 2품종(일반후지, 로얄후지), 6크기별(3D : 30~39개/15 kg; 4D : 40~49개/15 kg; 5D : 50~59개/15 kg; 6D : 60~69개/15 kg; 7D : 70~79개/15 kg; 8D : 80~89개/15 kg), 총 12사과시료에 대한 이화학 특성분석 및 소비자검사를 수행하였다. 사과의 이화학적특성분석 결과 일반후지 품종이 로얄후지 품종에 비해 pH, 껍질의 색도 a값(붉은 정도)는 낮고 경도, 산도, 당도, 과육의 색도 b값(노란 정도)이 높은 경향이 있었다. 소비자들이 생각하는 이상적인 사과의 특성은 본 실험에 사용된 사과보다 사과향, 사과맛, 신맛, 경도, 아삭거림성, 다즙성이 높았으며, 이상적인 사과의 크기는 4D~5D사이로서 한 개당 254 g~375 g 사이의 무게를 지닌 사과였다. 전반적으로 로얄후지에 비해 일반 후지의 기호도가 더 높았다. 기호도 항목(외관, 향, 맛, 조직감)중, 사과의 전반적인 기호도에 가장 상관이 높았던 항목은 맛의 기호도였으며, 조직감, 향, 외관의 기호도 순으로 나타났다. 전반적인 기호도와 외관 기호도간 낮은 상관계수는 외관 기호도만 독립적으로 평가한 본 실험 방법에 일부 기인하였다고 사료되며 이에 대한 확인을 위해 향후 시료제시방법에 따른 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 소비자들은 외관면에서 윤기 및 붉은색이 강한 큰 사과를 좋아하였으며, 외관에 대한 정보 없이 일정한 크기의 과육만을 제공하여 평가한 소비자 기호도와 상관이 높은 이화학특성은 사과 상부의 껍질 및 과육의 색도 b값(각각 r=0.794, r=0.737), 과육의 경도(r=0.784), pH(r=-0.730)이었으며, 감각특성으로는 사과맛(r=0.984), 아삭거림성(r=0.860), 씹는동안 질김성(r=0.843), 경도(r=0.814), 다즙성(r=0.771), 단맛(r=0.761)으로 나타났다. 즉, 본 연구결과는 소비자들이 선호하는 후지사과의 특성은 중간크기(4D>, >5D)의 사과특유의 맛 및 단맛이 강하고, 아삭거림성, 씹힘성, 경도 및 다즙성이 높으며, 객관적으로는 pH가 낮고, 당도($^{\circ}Brix$)가 높고, 과육이 단단하며, 진한 노란(b value)색의 과육임을 보여주었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects a mother's degree of obesity has on her daughter's obesity index, psychological well-being index, and nutrient intakes. The daughters, as study subjects, were classified into two groups according to their mother's body mass index (BMI): an obese group [BMI>25 kg/m$^2$, mother obesity group (MOG)] and a normal weight group [BMI<25 kg/m$^2$, mother normal weight group (MNG)]. The daughters in MOG showed significantly higher percent ideal body weight values than the daughters in MNG (p<0.001). MOG and MNG had significantly different psychological well-being index scores in terms of being classified into a highly stressed group (p<0.001), potentially stressed group (p<0.05), and healthy group (p<0.001). Intakes of daily energy, protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, and iron were also significantly different (p<0.001) between MOG and MNG. In particular, the vitamin A and C intakes of the MNG daughters were significantly higher than those of the MOG daughters (p<0.001). Overall, the results showed that a mother's level of obesity was essentially related to her daughter's obesity index, psychological well-being index score, and nutrient intakes. Therefore, it seems necessary for mothers to maintain an ideal body weight to prevent obesity and diet related problems in their daughters.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2008

Purpose: This descriptive study was to explore the factors relating to Social Physique Anxiety(SPA) in the adolescent girls(N=700). These factors included the biological(level of school[age], period of menstruation, and BMI), the sociocultural(Influence of Mass Media, [IMM], Stereotype of Ideal Female Body[SIFB], type of school, perceived figure, and ideal figure) and the BW control-related factors(experience of bodyweight [BW] control, satisfaction at the result of BW control, and motive of BW control). Method: The sample was 700 girls of the middle and high schools in Jeju-do. The data was collected by the self-reported questionnaire and processed with the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Result: 26% of the variance in SPA was explained by the biological factors(level of school) and the sociocultural factors (perceived figure, ideal figure, type of school, and IMM). SPA, IMM, and SIFB were significantly correlated with each others(r=1,65-2.92, p<.05). The mean SPA scores according to BW control-related factors were significantly different. Conclusion: This results suggest that media education is necessary to reduce or eliminate the adolescent girl's SPA. In addition, SPA needs to be considered as the important concept for the future nursing researches and interventions related to BW control.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.187-204
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• 2018

Let $R={\bigoplus}_{{\alpha}{\in}{\Gamma}}\;R_{\alpha}$ be a graded integral domain, H be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of R, and ${\star}$ be a semistar operation on R. The purpose of this paper is to study the properties of $quasi-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ and UMt-domains of graded integral domains. For this reason we study the graded analogue of ${\star}-quasi-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domains called $gr-{\star}-quasi-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domains. We study several ring-theoretic properties of $gr-{\star}-quasi-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domains. As an application we give new characterizations of UMt-domains. In particular it is shown that R is a $gr-t-quasi-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain if and only if R is a UMt-domain if and only if RP is a $quasi-Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ domain for each homogeneous maximal t-ideal P of R. We also show that R is a UMt-domain if and only if H is a t-splitting set in R[X] if and only if each prime t-ideal Q in R[X] such that $Q{\cap}H ={\emptyset}$ is a maximal t-ideal.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.544-557
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• 2010

This study was performed with Korean adults to investigate Makgeolli drinking behavior, preference, and perception about Makgeolli and health, as well as Makgeolli complaints and prices. A survey questionnaire was formulated to obtain information on demographic variables, drinking habits, and perceptions about Makgeolli's function, price, and complaints. The questionnaire was distributed to 468 adults living in the capital area. The results are as follows. Makgeolli (16.1%) was third preferred, following Soju (45.1%) and beer (30.7%), and no significant differences were observed by gender and income, but the preference for Makgeolli increased with increasing age (p<0.001). According to the survey, the largest reason both genders drank Makgeolli was that it tastes good. Men preferred Makgeolli for its health effects and cheap price, while women preferred it for the atmosphere while drinking it. Also, older people and those with higher incomes preferred drinking Makgeolli for its health effect rather than its good taste (p<0.001 for each). No significant difference was observed by gender for the question "Do you think that Makgeolli has a health-promoting effect?" Overall, 51% of the subjects gave positive answers and only 5.9% gave negative answers. Significantly, older people and those with a higher income had a higher rate of answering positively to this question. Belching (45.1%) and headache (29.9%) were the most common symptoms among the side effects of drinking Makgeolli. No significant difference was observed by gender or income, but older people had a higher rate of belching and fewer headaches than younger people (p<0.001). Women had a significantly higher rate of perceiving that Makgeolli was cheap than men. Age and income differences did not influence price perception. To the question "What is the ideal price for high quality Makgeolli", 32.1% answered that the present rate (1,000 won) was ideal, and 59.4% answered that a price between 1,000 and 2,000 won was ideal. These results indicate that the high preference for Makgeolli is due to its good taste and health effects. However, belching and headache caused by drinking Makgeolli were the most common complaints and, thus, must be solved. Some opinions indicated that Makgeolli must eliminate its low-quality image, but, according to this survey, most subjects answered that the ideal price of higher-quality Makgeolli should be increased slightly, which would cause price resistance.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2011

Let D be an integral domain, Spec(D) the set of prime ideals of D, and X a subspace of the Zariski topology on Spec(D). We show that X is compact if and only if given any ideal I of D with $I{\nsubseteq}P$ for all $P{\in}X$, there exists a finitely generated idea $J{\subseteq}I$ such that $J{\nsubseteq}P$ for all $P{\in}X$. We also prove that if D = ${\cap}_{P{\in}X}D_P$ and if * is the star-operation on D induced by X, then X is compact if and only if * $_f$-Max(D) ${\subseteq}$X. As a corollary, we have that t-Max(D) is compact and that ${\mathcal{P}}$(D) = {P${\in}$ Spec(D)$|$P is minimal over (a : b) for some a, b${\in}$D} is compact if and only if t-Max(D) ${\subseteq}\;{\mathcal{P}}$(D).

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 호텔 및 외식업체의 조리와 식음료 종사원들을 대상으로 식생활 습관이 외식 행동에 영향을 미치는지에 대한 관계를 파악하기 위하여 호텔 및 외식업체 종사자 309명을 대상으로 조사 연구하였다. 조사 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 통계 프로그램 SPSS 14.0을 활용하여 빈도 분석, 요인 분석, t-test, ANOVA 분석 및 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과를 보면, 식생활 습관에 대한 측정 항목의 탐색적 요인 분석 결과, 3개의 요인, 건강에 좋지 않은 식품 섭취, 건강에 좋은 식품 섭취, 좋은 식습관으로 분석되었고, 누적분산설명력은 62.250%이었다. 외식 행동에 대한 요인 분석은 음식 선택 중요도와 식당 분위기 및 위치로 분석되고, 전체 설명력은 60.658%였다. 성별에 따라 생활 습관은 차이가 있을 것이다라는 가설을 검정하기 위한 t-test 분석 결과는 부분 채택되었고, 결혼 유무에 따라 식생활 습관에는 차이가 있을 것이다라는 가설을 검정하기 위한 t-test 분석 결과도 부분 채택되었다. 연령에 따라 식생활 습관에는 차이가 있을 것이다 가설을 검정하기 위한 ANOVA 분석 결과, 가설은 부분 채택되었다. 식생활 습관이 음식 선택 중요도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 다중회귀 분석 결과는 건강에 좋지 않은 식품 섭취($\beta$=0.326, p<0.000), 건강에 좋은 식품 섭취($\beta$=0.290, p<0.000), 좋은 식습관($\beta$=0.305, p<0.000)으로 음식 선택 중요도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 식생활 습관은 외식 행동의 음식 선택 중요도에 유의한 영향을 미칠 것이다라는 가설은 채택되었다. 식생활 습관이 식당의 분위기 및 위치에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 다중회귀 분석 결과는 전체 회귀식의 설명력은 1.1%이고, 건강에 좋지 않는 식품 섭취($\beta$=0.002, p<0.965)로 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 건강에 좋은 식품 섭취($\beta$=0.309, p<0.000), 좋은 식습관($\beta$=0.l89, p<0.000)으로 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 호텔 및 외식업체 종사자들의 식생활 습관이 외식 선택 중요도의 식당의 분위기 및 위치에 미치는 영향에 관한 가설은 부분 채택되었다.