• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2000

Physical therapists are exposured to radio-and microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation by operating electrotherapy units. So there is few protection system in physical therapy room. Clinical pathology room and so on where various kins of electromagnetic instruments is used in hospital while protection failities like protection wall or protection glass is being used only in radiological room to reduce the damage of radiation. Acoording to Larsen's survey on female physical therapist in denmark. it was said that the percentage of congenital malfornation was $3.6\%$ and cadiac malformation made up $0.7\%$. It is likely that effect of electromagnetic fields on the result cannot be ruled out. Rita ouellet-Hellstron and Walter F. Steward insisted that the danger of abortion increase in the case of pregnant femeal physical therapist exposured to microwave diathermy. The intention of our study is arousing the necessity of microwave protection in P.T room and finding the proper method for physical therapist safe. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Each electrotherapy units are occurrenced the electromagnetic fields, and specially amply occurrenced in H.P,I.C.T 2 unit operating, M.W.D unit head on parallel, S.W.D unit head on parallel. all electrotherapy units are operating. 2. There were electric fields mount are consideration to species of electrotherapy units(p<.05). 3. There were magnetic fields mount are consideration to species of electrotherapy units(p<.05). 4. There were electric fields mount are consideration to distance of electrotherapy units(p<.05). 7. There were magnetic fields mount are consideration nut to distance of electrotherapy units(p>.05). 8. Before and after protection on magnetic fields mount are consideration to all distance(0m, 0.3m, 1m, 3m, 5m)(p<.05) 9. Before and after protection on electric fields mount are consideration to 0m, 1m, 3m distance(p<.05), and consideration not to 0.3m, 5m distance(p>.05) 10. After protection fellow the each electrotherapy units. distance, intencity to electromagnetic fields are reduced(p<.05).

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.166-178
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• 2013

Purpose: To survey the social distance of nursing students toward minority groups (immigrants, foreign workers, Saeteomins, and foreign students) and compare them according to general and multicultural characteristics. Methods: The subjects were 409 students from two nursing schools at G metropolitan city. Data were collected with self-reported questionnaires from April 2012 to June 2012, and analyzed by descriptive statistics (t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test) using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores of social distance were $1.90{\pm}0.57$ (out of 4 points) and scores significantly differed according to religion (t=3.095, p=.002), tourist experiences in foreign countries (t=-2.651, p=.008), and for Asian background of minority groups. There were also differences according to the number of foreign friends(F=4.924, p=.008) and duration of friendships(F=3.913, p=.021). Conclusion: The level of social distance of nursing students was lower than average but needs to be reduced. We suggest further studies on the social distance toward each minority group and the development of valid scales for social distance and its related variables.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.3147-3152
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• 1973

The factors to influence the travelling distance of sprayed particles for the medium range nozzle may by the groove depth of swirl plate, the cap slope, the diameter of cap hole, and pressure. 1. This study was conducted to examine Interaction effects among four factors to the travelling distance. The results of this study are summarized as followa; a) Interaction effects among four factors the groove depth(G), cap slope(C), diameter of cap hole(D), and pressure (P), were significant to influence the travelling distance except for $G{\times}P,\;C{\times}D{\times}P\;and\;G{\times}C{\times}D{\times}P$. b) Interaction effects with the pressure were very smaller than interaction effects among the other factors. c) Effect of change of the groove depth of swirl plate on the travelling distance of sprayed particles was generally a linear, the increasing rate of the change was about 0.345, which was very significant. d) Effect of change of cap slope on the travelling distance was generally a linear or a dull quadratic, the increasing rate was very small. e) Main effect of change of cap slope in the medium range nozzle was very smaller than that of the close range nozzle on the travelling distance, which was estimated by the changing of turning radius of flowing course in nozzle. f) Interaction effect between two factors in the medium range nozzle was more significant than that of the close range nozzle on the travelling distance.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two Porphyra species, P. tenera and P. dentate from Wando located on the southern coast of Korean peninsula was amplified by PCR reaction. The amplified products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) with decamer primer and stained with ethidium bromide. The eight arbitrarily selected primers OPA-04, OPA-06, OPB-01, OPB-08, OPB-10, OPB-11, OPB-14 and OPC-10 generated the shared loci, polymorphic, and specific loci. The size of DNA bands varies from 100 bp to 2,200 bp. The complexity of the banding patterns varies dramatically between the primers and two Porphyra species. A total of 528 loci observed were identified in P. tenera and 443 in P. dentata: 22 polymorphic loci (4.2%) in P. tenera and 30 (6.8%) in P. dentata. 154 shared loci observed, the average 19.3 per primer, were identified in P. tenera and 143 loci, the aver-age 17.9 per primer, in P. dentata species. The number of specific loci in P. tenera and P. dentata was 73 and 77, respectively. The average bandsharing value was $0.623{\pm}0.008$ with P. tenera and $0.560{\pm}0.009$ within P. dentata. The average bandsharing value between two Porphyra species was $0.408{\pm}0.004$, ranged from 0.305 to 0.564. The dendrogram obtained by the eight primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance between two Porphyra species ranged from 0.076 to 0.627. The individual no. 02 of P. tenera was genetically closely related to no. 01 of P. tenera(genetic distance=0.082). Especially, two entities between the individual DENTATA no.21 and DENTATA no. 19 of P. dentata showed the longest genetic distance (0.627) in comparison with other individuals used. In this study, RAPD-PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance between two Porphyra species pairs (P<0.001).

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the cephalometric variables which are significantly correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in suspected Korean obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods We examined lateral cephalogram and attended-full night laboratory polysomnography of the 40 participants who complained of OSA symptoms. The correlation analysis was conducted to find the cephalometric variables which are significantly correlated with the AHI. Results The correlation analysis showed that the higher AHI was associated with the longer distance between hyoid and mandibular plane (p = 0.023), the longer distance between C3 and hyoid (p = 0.014), the longer tongue length (p = 0.003), the larger inferior tongue area (p = 0.008), the larger anterior displacement of the hyoid bone (p = 0.024), the longer distance between posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate (p = 0.021), and the larger cross-sectional area of soft palate (p = 0.001) of cephalogram in erect position. The higher AHI was correlated with the longer distance between hyoid and mandibular plane (p = 0.008), the longer tongue length (p = 0.037), the larger inferior tongue area (p = 0.013), the thicker uvula (p = 0.004), the longer distance between retrognathion and hyoid (p = 0.025), and larger cross-sectional area of soft palate (p = 0.001) of cephalogram in supine position. Conclusions The present preliminary results showed the candidate measurements of cephalogram which are significantly correlated with the AHI in suspected OSA.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proximity of the mandibular molar apex to the buccal bone surface in order to provide anatomic information for apical surgery. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 127 mandibular first molars and 153 mandibular second molars were analyzed from 160 patients' records. The distance was measured from the buccal bone surface to the root apex and the apical 3.0 mm on the cross-sectional view of CBCT. Results: The second molar apex and apical 3 mm were located significantly deeper relative to the buccal bone surface compared with the first molar (p < 0.01). For the mandibular second molars, the distance from the buccal bone surface to the root apex was significantly shorter in patients over 70 years of age (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this distance was significantly shorter when the first molar was missing compared to nonmissing cases (p < 0.05). For the mandibular first molars, the distance to the distal root apex of one distal-rooted tooth was significantly greater than the distance to the disto-buccal root apex (p < 0.01). In mandibular second molar, the distance to the apex of C-shaped roots was significantly greater than the distance to the mesial root apex of non-C-shaped roots (p < 0.01). Conclusions: For apical surgery in mandibular molars, the distance from the buccal bone surface to the apex and apical 3 mm is significantly affected by the location, patient age, an adjacent missing anterior tooth, and root configuration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2004

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to find out static two-point discrimination (TPD) in fingertips. METHODS: This was a cross-section, measure study of static two-point discrimination involving healthy young adults. Measure was completed by 48 college students in Andong Science College from June 1 to 12, 2004. The minimal distance at which two-points could be discriminated was measured from thumb to little finger. RESULTS: For dermatomal regions of the fingertip, mean values ranged from 3.3mm to 4.9mm (thumb 3.6mm, index finger 3.3mm, middle finger 3.8mm, ring finger 4.2mm, and little finger 4.7mm in the left hand; thumb 3.7mm, index 3.5mm, middle 4.0mm, ring 4.3mm, and little 4.9mm in the right hand). A significant difference in discrimination ability was found between men and women, 3.5mm for women showed a greater sensitivity than 4.1mm for men in the left middle fingertip(p=0.0109), also 3.9mm for women showed a greater accuracy than 4.5mm for men in the left ring fingertip(p=0.0388). In the right index fingertip, women (3.1mm) have a narrow distance than men (3.6mm)(p=0.0329). The minimal distance of TPD was found a significant difference between 20 and 30 years in age. 4mm for 30 years showed a greater distance than 3.5mm for 20 years in the left thumb fingertip(p=0.0354), also, 3.8mm for 30 years showed a greater distance than 3.2mm for 20 years in the left index fingertip(p=0.0174), and 4.3mm for 30 years showed a greater distance than 3.7mm for 20 years in the left middle fingertip(p=0.0444). In the right index fingertip, 20 years (3.2mm) had also a narrow distance than 30 years (4.1mm)(p=0.0020), 20 years (3.9mm) showed a narrow distance than 30 years (4.6mm) in the right middle fingertip(p=0.0124), and 20 years (4.1mm) showed a greater sensitivity than 30 years (5.0mm) in the right ring fingertip(p=0.0070). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that distance of TPD in the both index fingertips for 20 years women was significantly narrowed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2018

본 연구는 정신간호학 실습이 간호대학생의 정신 장애인에 대한 태도, 사회적 거리감, 정신간호사 이미지에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 이 연구를 위해 G시의 간호학과에 재학중인 간호대학생 162명을 대상으로 정신간호학 실습 전 후 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하였으며 자료수집기간은 2017년 2월부터 6월까지였다. 정신간호학 실습 전 후 간호대학생의 사회적 거리감(t=-4.29, p<.001), 정신간호사 이미지(t=-5.89, p<.001)는 유의미한 차이가 있었고 정신 장애인에 대한 태도는 유의미한 차이가 없었다(t=-1.02, p=.305). 정신장애인에 대한 태도는 사회적 거리감과 정적 상관관계가 있었지만(r=.316, p<.001), 정신간호사 이미지와의 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났으며(r=.043, p=.589), 사회적 거리감은 정신장애인에 대한 태도(r=.316, p<.001), 정신간호사에 대한 이미지와 모두 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로(r=.378, p<.001) 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 효과적이며 교육적인 간호대학생의 정신간호학 교육과 실습지도 프로그램 개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 15센티 이격거리의 수중 객체간 P2P VLC 음원전송 기술에 대하여 제안하였다. P2P VLC 음원전송 기술을 제시하였으며, 이와 더불어 LED 송신모듈와 PD(Photo Detector) 수신모듈간 15센티 이격거리에서의 P2P VLC 음원전송 기술을 개발하였다. 수중환경이라는 가정 하에 LED 송신부와 PD 수신부간 음원 전송을 위한 수중 객체간 P2P VLC 음원 전송 실험을 진행하였으며, 이를 통하여 제안기술의 유용성을 입증하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 15센티 이격거리의 수중 객체간 P2P VLC 음원전송 기술은 수중 환경에서 객체간 P2P VLC 음원전송 기술을 이용할 수 있다는 점에서 다양한 분야에 널리 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the prevalence of dental implant positioning errors and the most frequently affected oral regions. Materials and Methods: A sample was obtained of CBCT images of 590 dental implants from 230 individuals who underwent diagnosis at a radiology center using cone-beam computed tomography from 2017 to 2020. The following variables were considered: thread exposure, violation of the minimum distance between 2 adjacent implants and between the implant and tooth, and implant contact with anatomical structures. Descriptive data analysis and the Pearson chi-square test(P<0.05) were performed to compare findings according to mouth regions. Results: Most (74.4%) of the 590 implants were poorly positioned, with the posterior region of the maxilla being the region most frequently affected by errors. Among the variables analyzed, the most prevalent was thread exposure (54.7%), followed by implant contact with anatomical structures, violation of the recommended distance between 2 implants and violation of the recommended distance between the implant and teeth. Thread exposure was significantly associated with the anterior region of the mandible (P<0.05). The anterior region of the maxilla was associated with violation of the recommended tooth-implant distance (P<0.05) and the recommended distance between 2 adjacent implants(P<0.05). Implant contact with anatomical structures was significantly more likely to occur in the posterior region of the maxilla (P<0.05). Conclusion: Many implants were poorly positioned in the posterior region of the maxilla. Thread exposure was particularly frequent and was significantly associated with the anterior region of the mandible.