• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

목적: 본 연구는 서로 다른 기준에 따른 P.D로 제작된 근용 안경을 각각 착용시킨 후에 상대적인 피로 정도를 비교하는 것이 목적이다. 방법: 근용 안경의 굴절력[원용 안경의 굴절력(-)]이 (-)인 사람에게는 원용 P.D와 근용 P.D-B로 제작된 안경을 장용시켜 안정피로 정도를 비교하였고, 근용 안경 굴절력이 (+)[원용 안경 굴절력(+)]인 사람에게는 근용 P.D-B, 원용 P.D, 근용 P.D-A로 조제된 안경을 장용시켜 안정피로 정도를 비교하였다. 근용 P.D-A란 원용 안경의 근거리 시점에서 발생한 기저외방의 프리즘 값과 근용 안경의 시점에서 발생한 프리즘 값이 같도록 감소된 단초점 근용 안경의 중심점간 거리를 의미한다. 결과: 근용 안경의 굴절력[원용 안경 굴절력(-)]이 (-)인 경우에는 원용 P.D로 조제 가공한 경우에 안정피로가 상대적으로 적었다. 근용 안경의 굴절력이 (+)인 경우에는 단정적으로 어떤 설계점 결정방식이 옳다고 확신 할 수는 없지만 데이터 결과에 의할 경우는 근용 P.D-A로 조제 가공한 경우에 상대적으로 더 적은 안정피로를 유발 하였다. 결론: 근용 안경의 굴절력[원용 안경 굴절력(-)]이 (-)인 경우에는 이전의 원용 안경을 착용하고 근거리를 주시한 경우에 근용 주시점에서의 기저내방(Base In)의 효과를 통해 폭주요구량은 감소된다. 따라서 근용 안경(-)은 근거리에서 폭주를 도와준다. 왜냐하면 기저내방의 효과가 원용 안경에 비해 상대적으로 작아졌기 때문이다. 근용 안경의 굴절력[원용 안경 굴절력(+)]이 (+)인 경우에는 상황에 따라 근용 P.D-B, 근용 P.D-A, 원용 P.D를 통해 설계점을 결정 할 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.205-223
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• 1982

This study was devised to investigate the juveniles' psychological distance to their parents and related variables. 456 respondents, consisted of 116 middle school boys, 101 high school boys, 114 middle school girls and 125 high school girls, were sampled. The psychological distance was measured by the semantic differential method, and the statistical data were verified by the analysis of variance through computer system. The main results are found as follows. 1. The average mark of the juveniles' psychological distance to their parents was 54.73(78.19%)/70(100%) and the mark of high school girls was highest and high school boys lowest. 2. The variables influencing on the juveniles' psychological distance to their parents were varied buy the groups. 1) Middle school boys; home atmosphere(p＜.001), social and economical status of home (S.E.S; p＜.01), number of intimate friends(p＜.05), rearing attitudes of parents(p＜.05). 2) High school boys; home atmosphere(p＜.001), age of father(p＜.05), protection of mother(p＜.05) 3) Middle school girls; home atmosphere(p＜.001), rearing attitudes of parents (p＜.001), S.E.S of home(p＜.001).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of reaching distance on movement time and trunk kinematics in hemiplegic patients. Eight hemiplegic patients participated in this study. The independent variables were side (sound side vs. affected side) and target distance (70%, 90%, 110%, and 130% of upper limb). The dependent variables were movement time measured by pressure switch and trunk kinematics measured by motion analysis device. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used with Bonferroni post-hoc test. (1) There were significant main effects in side and reaching distance for movement time (p=.01, p=.02). Post-hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference between 110% and 130% of reaching distance (p=.01). (2) There was a significant main effect in side and reaching distance for trunk flexion (p=.01, p=.00). Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences in all pair-wise reaching distance comparison. (3) There was a significant side by target distance interaction for trunk rotation (p=.04). There was a significant main effect in target distance (p=.00). Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences between 70% and 110%, 70% and 130%, 90% and 110%, 90% and 130% of target distance. It was known that trunk flexion is used more than trunk rotation during reaching task in hemiplegic patients from the findings of this study. It is also recommended that reaching training is performed with limiting trunk movement within 90% of target distance whereas reaching training is performed incorporating with trunk movement beyond 90% of target distance in patients with hemiplegia.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1981

This survey was carried out to investigate the temperature, pH value, nitrogen (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate), turbidity, color, chloride ion, $KMnO_4$ consumed, and hardness as chemical analysis of the tap water in Seoul city area during the period from September to Octobor, 1979, and to observe the differences among the values by the distance from the water purification plant and by the district supplied tap water from-the each water purification plant. The results obtained were as follows: 1) An average of the water temperature was $19.8\pm 0.2\circ$C. 2) An average of pH was $7.18\pm 0.02$. The difference among each district was statistically significant (p<0.01), but it was not observed among each distance. 3) An average of turbidity was $1.25\pm 0.12$ ppm. The difference among each district was highly significant (p<0.01), respectively, but not among each distance. 4) An average of color was $1.43\pm 0.16$ ppm, and there were statistically significant differences by the distance and by the district (p<0.01). 5) An average of ammonia nitrogen was $0.022\pm 0.005$ ppm. The differences among each distance, and district were statistically significant (P<0.01). 6) An average of nitrite nitrogen was $0.0050\pm 0.0013$ ppm, and the difference among each distance was highly significant (p<0.01), respectively, and each district showed statistical significance (p<0.01). 7) An average of nitrate nitrogen was $0.82\pm 0.08$ ppm. The difference among each district was significant (p<0.05), and each distance showed high significance (p<0.01). 8) An average of $KMnO_4$ consumed was $3.73\pm 0.16$ ppm, and the difference among each district was significant (p<0.05), but it was not observed among each distance. 9) An average of chloride ion was $8.56\pm 0.28$ ppm, and the difference among each district was higly significant (p<0.01), respectively, but it was not observed among each distance. 10) An average of hardness was $40.69\pm 1.17$ ppm, and there was statistically significant difference by each district (P<0.01), but not by distance. 11) The interrelation between temperature and pH of the tap water revealed the negative correlation from the coefficient of it as showed r=-0.6073 and p<0.01. 12) Except water temperature, there were negative correlationships between pH and other water qualities. 13) Correlation coefficients of $KMnO_4$ comsumed and ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen were statistically significant but that of $KMnO_4$ consumed and nitrate nitrogen showed no statistical correlationship. 14) Ammonia nitrogen seems to have high correlationship with nitrite nitrogen(r= +0.6669), but not with nitrate nitrogen. 15) Nitrate nitrogen seems to have statistically significant correlationship with nitrite nitrogen (r=+0.4959), but not with ammonia nitrogen. 16) The interrelation between chloride ion and hardness of the tap water revealed positive correlation from the coefficient of it as showed as r=+0.4888 and p<0.01.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notion of p-distance in a complex uncertain sequence space. By using the concepts of p-distance, we give some theorems of convergence. Also, in a complex uncertain sequence space, we develope some properties on convergence in measure.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of skill and distance factors on CoP (Center of pressure) and CoM (Center of mass) during golf putting. Method: 38 golfers were participated in this study. 8 motion capture cameras (250 Hz) and 2 force plates (1,000 Hz) were used to collect CoP and CoM during 2 m and 3 m of distance golf putting. To identify main effect and interaction effect, it was performed Two-Way ANOVA at a significant level of a .05. Results: In the novice group, CoP distance was significantly difference in the A/P direction and main effect between skill level and distance. Both groups indicated that CoP distance was significantly different and main effect between skill level and distance in the M/L direction. Finally, both groups showed that CoM was significantly different and main effect between skill level and distance in the M/L direction. Conclusion: Therefore, novice golfers are expected to be able to perform more accurate and proper putting exercise through the practice of minimizing the center of mass(CoM) and center of pressure (CoP) in the M/L direction, which is the pendulum movement of the putter head.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2017

Purpose: This study measured return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in relation to dispatch distance in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: Of 2,347 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients transported by emergency medical technicians in J Province between January 1 and December 31, 2015, those under age 18, those with reserved resuscitation, and those with traumatic cardiac arrest, leaving 855 patients in the study sample. ROSC was compared between those with dispatch distance ${\leq}4km$ (short dispatch distance, 465 patients) and those with dispatch distance >4 km (long dispatch distance, 390 patients). Results: The mean was 2.17 km in the short dispatch group and 9.87 km in the long dispatch group (p=.000). Mean distance from was 6.49 km and 13.39 km in the two groups, respectively (p=.000). ROSC differed significantly between the short and long dispatch distance groups (7.1% for short dispatch distance, 3.6% for long dispatch distance, p=.025). The length of time from to cardiopulmonary resuscitation also differed significantly between the short and long dispatch distance groups (8.77 minutes and 14.63 minutes, respectively, p=.000). Conclusion: ROSC was lower in areas of long dispatch distance compared to those of short dispatch distance. We expect this was most likely due to differences in response time by age and dispatch distance to the scene of cardiac arrest. However, no significant differences were found between the groups in the factors affecting ROSC.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2014

In this study, we objectively determined whether the ReSTOR as a multifocal IOL (intraocular lens) has a multifocal function compared to the IQ as a monofocal IOL in vivo by OQAS (Optical Quality Analysis System). Eighteen patients who had cataract surgery with implantation of ReSTOR (27 eyes) and 15 patients with IQ (21 eyes), were included inthis study. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA)and distance corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) were measured. After setting the artificial pupil size to 3 mm, we performed 'Optical quality'. We inputted defocus diopters of (objective spherical refraction)(far), (objective spherical refraction-1.25 D)(intermediate),(objective spherical refraction-2.5 D)(near), and (objective spherical refraction-3.5 D)(very near) into 'selected spherical refraction' simulating the optical quality at far, intermediate, and near distance. We changed the pupil size to 5 mm and repeated the same measurements. The UCDVA and CDVA did not show significant differences between the 2 groups. But, the UCNVA and DCNVA of the ReSTOR group were better than those of the IQ group (p=0.000, p=0.000). For 3 mm pupil, at far distance, modulation transfer function (MTF) cut off and point spread function (PSF) width at 50% of ReSTOR were worse than those of IQ (p=0.039, p=0.020). At intermediate distance, MTF cut off, Strehl ratio and PSF width at 50% of ReSTOR were worse than those of IQ (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.000). At near distance, MTF cut off of ReSTOR was worse than that of IQ (p=0.033). At very near distance, MTF cut off and Strehl ratio of ReSTOR were worse than those of IQ (p=0.002, p=0.002), but PSF width at 50% of ReSTOR was better than that of IQ. For 5 mm pupil, most parameters at each distance, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Only PSF width at 50% of ReSTOR were worse than those of IQ at intermediate distance (p=0.013). It was impossible to show the multifocal function of ReSTOR compared to the IQ byOQAS.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2022

이 연구는 장거리 승마운동이 비만중년여성들의 혈중지질, 아디포카인 및 염증지표에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 장거리 승마운동의 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 대상자는 비만중년여성 9명으로 하였으며 수집된 자료는 대응표본T-검증을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혈중지질성분은 장거리 승마운동 후 TC(p<.01), LDL-C(p<.01) HDL-C(p<.001)는 유의하게 증가하였다. 둘째, 아디포카인은 장거리 승마운동 후 Adiponectin은(p<.01) 유의하게 증가하였고, PAI-1은 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.01). 셋째, 염증지표는 장거리 승마운동 후 IL-6은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.01). 이상의 결과에서 장거리 승마운동은 비만중년여성의 혈중지질 성분과 아디포카인, 염증지표의 변화에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 생각되며 이는 신체적, 정서적으로 큰 변화를 겪고 있는 중년여성의 비만예방 및 치료에 대한 장거리 승마운동의 효과를 부분적으로 검증한 것으로 생각된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors related to the social distance toward older adults in nursing college students. Methods: The participants comprised 137 students in a nursing college. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires in March 2019. The measurement instruments included social distance scales, the Fact on Aging Quiz (FAQ I), a 20-item semantic differential scale (to assess attitudes), and the perceived elderly stigma scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a multiple regression analysis. Results: The total score for social distance toward older adults was 3.98±0.54 out of a maximum of 5. Social distance had a statistically significant relationship with knowledge (r=.20, p=.022), attitudes toward older adults (r=-.31, p<.001), and elderly stigma (r=-.27 p=.008). The factors affecting social distance were education in geriatrics (β=.33, p=.004), grade (β=-.29, p=.014), attitudes (β=-.21, p=.018), academic major satisfaction (β=.19, p=.028), and knowledge (β=.15, p=.048); the explanatory power of the model was 34%. Conclusion: There is a need for departmental efforts that nursing students acquire correct knowledge about the life and health of the elderly with the aging process and develop positive attitudes toward older adults through various experiences in gerontological nursing practicum and community senior-college student link programs.