• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

Physicochemical properties and copper (II) adsorption ability of two oakwood and two pinewood charcoals, which were manufactured in traditional mode and commercialized in Korea, were examined pHs of these four wood charcoals were between 9.5 and 9.8. In the elemental contents of the wood charcoal, the contents of carbon atom (C) in the four samples were between 85-90%, while the content of hydrogen atom (H) in pinewood charcoal of the company 'S' was 1.62% and this value was three time higher than those of other samples. For iodine adsorption and specific surface area, the pinewood charcoal sample showed higher values than those of the oakwood charcoals. In the copper (II) ion adsorption in aqueous solution, the adsorption rate was increased by the increase of treated amounts of charcoal, treatment time, and pH.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.2279-2284
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• 2011

Recently as AR(Augmented Reality) is focus of attention, AR is applied to various fields and is expected its valuable use. In this paper, we suggested the method to combine existing e_Book with augmented reality technology based on mobile equipment. We ascertained that augmented reality contents implemented on PC work well in pITX embedded lines (CPU Intel ATOM Z530) and we implemented augmented reality using marker in e_ Book in pITX embedded lines through these experiments. As the result of it, we could show the contents at the same time which had difficulty to be expressed on e_Book before. Also the existing augmented reality contents could be used as it is. Finally we expected that the user could interact with virtual contents or services directly and intuitively in the real world.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.394-399
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• 1994

The catalytic mechanism of malonyl-CoA synthetase from Rhizobium trifolii was investigated by the steady state kinetics and intermediate identification. Initial velocity studies and the product inhibition studies with AMP and PPi strongly suggested ordered Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping-Pong Ter Ter system as the most probable steady state kinetic mechanism of malonyl-CoA synthetase. Michaelis constants were $0.17{\pm}0.04 {\mu}M,\;0.24{\pm}0.18 {\mu}M\;and\;0.045{\pm}0.26 {\mu}$M for ATP, malonate and CoA, respectively. The TLC analysis of the $^{32}P-labelled$ products in reaction mixture containing $[{\gamma}-^{32}P]$ ATP in the absence of CoA showed that PPi was produced after the sequential addition of ATP and malonate. Formation of malonyl-AMP, suggested as an intermediate in the kinetically deduced mechanism, was confirmed by the analysis of $^{31}P-NMR$ spectra of AMP product isolated from the $^{18}O$ transfer experiment using $[^{18}O]$malonate. Two resonances were observed, corresponding to AMP labelled with zero and one atom of $^{18}O$, indicating that one atom of $^{18}O$ transferred from $[^{18}O]$malonate to AMP through the formation of malonyl-AMP. Formation of malonyl-AMP was also confirmed through the TLC analysis of reaction mixture containing $[{\alpha}-^{32}P]$ATP. These results strongly support the ordered Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping-Pong Ter Ter mechanism deduced from the initial velocity and product inhibition studies.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.745-765
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• 2021

Let Ω be a proper open subset of ℝⁿ and p(·) : Ω → (0, ∞) be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-Hölder continuous condition. In this article, the author introduces the "geometrical" variable Hardy spaces H^p(·)_r (Ω) and H^p(·)_z (Ω) on Ω, and then obtains the grand maximal function characterizations of H^p(·)_r (Ω) and H^p(·)_z (Ω) when Ω is a strongly Lipschitz domain of ℝⁿ. Moreover, the author further introduces the "geometrical" variable local Hardy spaces h^p(·)_r (Ω), and then establishes the atomic characterization of h^p(·)_r (Ω) when Ω is a bounded Lipschitz domain of ℝⁿ.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.534-538
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• 2000

The title compound, $[Co(H_2O)_6](CH_3C_6H_4SO_3)_2$, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of the compound demonstrates a layered material constituted by hexaaquacobalt (II) cations and p-toluenesulfonate anions. Geometrical environment of the cobalt atom is octahedrally coordinated by water molecules. The p-toluenesulfonate anions are arranged with the sulfonate groups turned toward opposite side of the layer, alternately. The layered structure is stabilized by the hydrogen bondings between the ligated water molecules and the anionic sulfonate oxygen atoms.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.2
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• pp.75-100
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• 2000

Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, dass wir aile seit Lakoff(1965) als inchoative Verben angenommenen Konstruktionen aus Adjektiv + werden bzw. die dazu synonymen Verben nicht mehr unter eine Kategorie 'Inchoativ' subsumieren, und diese Konstruktionen mutatives(werden + dick), ingressives(werden + krank) und duratives Verb(werden + dicker) untergliedern, und $schlie{\ss}lich$ auf Grund dieser Analyse Vendlers 4 Situationstypen Zustand, Prozess, Accomplishmen und Achievement noch deutlicher spezifizieren. Mutative Verben sind rechtsbegrenzte Prozessverben, ingressive Verben linksbegrenzte Zustandsverben, und durative Verben nichtbegrenzte Prozessverben. In mutativen und durativen Verben wird der Vorgang als Kontinuum aufgefasst, und in ingressiven Verben wird der Vorgang als diskontinuierliche Aufeinanderfolge zweler $Zust\"{a}nde.\;\"{U}brigens$ haben mutative Verben obligatolisch Prozesscharakter und der Prozess bewirkt $Zustandsver\"{a}nderung$. Ingressive Verben haben nicht $prim\"{a}r$ Prozesscharakter, und $m\"{o}glicher$ Prozess $verl\"{a}uft$ innerhalb emes Zustandes. Es gibt also $gen\"{u}gend$ Motivation $daf\"{u}r$, werden bei allen drei Klassen in einheitlicher Weise zu beschreiben. Nach $g\"{a}ngiger$ Auffassung ist die Semantische Form(SF) von werden vom semantisch unmarkierten sein durch das telische $Pt\"{a}dikat\;_{BECOME}$ unterschieden. In diesem Aufsatz $ersetzt_{CHANGE}\;das\;Pradikat\;_{BECOME;}$ die Bedeutung von $von\;_{BECOME}$ ist eine der $m\"{o}glichen kontextabh\"{a}ngigen$ semantischen Anreicherungen $von\;_{CHANGE.\;CHANGE}$ ist unterbestimmt $bez\"{u}glich\;Telizit\"{a}t$ und Prozesshaftigkeit. $_{CHANGE}[P(X)]$ ist die Basis­bedeutungskomponente von werden in allen adjektivischen werden­Konstruktionen. Mit Hilfe von $Pr\"{a}dikaten\;_{CHANGE,\;TARG},\;und\;_{ATOM}$ bekommen wir die Beschreibung von $Markiertheitsverh\"{a}Itnissen$ zwischen den Situations­typen, die mit nur zwei semantischen Klassifizierungskomponenten(${\pm}Prozess,\;{\pm}Become$) nicht darzustellen sind. Veranderungssituationen sind $Nicht-Zust\"{a}nde$, markiert durch das $Pt\"{a}dikat\;_{CHANGE}.\;Ver\"{a}nderungs­situationen$ mit einem Ziel(TARG) sind Ereignisse. Eine Veranderung ohne Begrenzung ist ein Prozess. Achievements sind $atomare(_{ATOM})\;Ereignisse(_{TARG})$. Accomplishments sind durch TARG hinreichend charakterisiert, d.h. eine $zielbezogene(_{TARG})$ Veranderung, die nicht als $atomar(_{-ATOM})$ gekennzeichnet ist, ist ein Accomplishment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1993

The tetranuclear heterometallic complex CpMo$Os_3(CO)_{10}({\mu]-H)2[{\mu}3-{\eta}^2-C(O)CH_2Tol]\;(1,\;Cp={\eta}^5-C_5H_5,\;Tol=p-C_6H_4Me)$ has been examined by variable-temperature $^{13}$C-NMR spectroscopy and by a full three-dimensional X-ray structual analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna2$_1$ with a = 12.960(1) ${\AA}$, b = 11.255(l) ${\AA}$, c = 38.569(10)${\AA}$, V = 5626(2) ${\AA}^3$ and ${\rho}$(calcd) = 2.71 gcm$^{-3}$ for Z = 8 and molecular weight 1146.9. Diffraction data were collectedon a CAD4 diffractometer, and the structure was refined to $R_F$ = 9.7% and $R_{W^F}$ = 9.9% for 2530 data (MoK${\alpha}$ radiation). There are two essentially equivalent molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The tetranuclear molecule contains a triangulated rhomboidal arrangement of metal atoms with Os(2) and Mo at the two bridgehead positions. The metal framework is planar; the dihedral angle between Os(l)-Os(2)-Mo and Os(3)-Os(2)-Mo planes is 180$^{\circ}$. A triply bridging (${\mu}_3,\;{\eta}^2$) acyl ligand lies above the Os(l)-Os(2)-Mo plane; the oxygen atom spans the two bridgehead positions, while the carbon atom spans one bridgehead position and an acute apical position. The molecular architecture is completed by an ${\eta}^5$-cyclopentadienyl ligand and a semi-triply bridging carbonyl ligand on the molybdenum atom, and nine terminal carbonyl ligands-four on Os(3), three on Os(l), and two on Os(2). The two hydride ligands are inferred to occupy the Os(l)-Os(2) and Mo-Os(3) edges from structural and NMR data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2007-2016
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• 2005

An artificial neural network (ANN) is successfully presented for prediction acidity constant (pKa) of various benzoic acids and phenols with diverse chemical structures using a nonlinear quantitative structure-property relationship. A three-layered feed forward ANN with back-propagation of error was generated using six molecular descriptors appearing in the multi-parameter linear regression (MLR) model. The polarizability term $(\pi_1)$, most positive charge of acidic hydrogen atom $(q^+)$, molecular weight (MW), most negative charge of the acidic oxygen atom $(q^-)$, the hydrogen-bond accepting ability $(\epsilon_B)$ and partial charge weighted topological electronic (PCWTE) descriptors are inputs and its output is pKa. It was found that properly selected and trained neural network with 205 compounds could fairly represent dependence of the acidity constant on molecular descriptors. For evaluation of the predictive power of the generated ANN, an optimized network was applied for prediction pKa values of 37 compounds in the prediction set, which were not used in the optimization procedure. Squared correlation coefficient $(R^2)$ and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.9147 and 0.9388 for prediction set by the MLR model should be compared with the values of 0.9939 and 0.2575 by the ANN model. These improvements are due to the fact that acidity constant of benzoic acids and phenols in water shows nonlinear correlations with the molecular descriptors.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.561-568
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• 1995

Two methods, precipitation and ultrafiltration, were applied in order to recover platinum group metals(PGM) by complexing them with water-soluble polyelectrolytes, e.g., polyethyleneimine [PEl], poly(2-vinylpyridine) [2-PVP], poly (4-vinylpyridine) [4-PVP], and poly (styrene sulfonic acid) [PSSA]. In the precipitation method, the PGM-polyelectrolyte complex that was formed by mixing first with polybase, e.g.,4-PVP at pH 1 was precipitated by further mixing with polyacid, e.g., PSSA. However, the recovery of PGM obtained by this method was not quantitative(less than 70%). The "sandwiching" binding between the metal anions and two polyelectrolytes was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The XPS studies indicated that the PGM atom was bound with the acdic and basic polyelectrolyte via its oxygen and nitrogen atom, respectively. The recovery of PGM using polyelectrolyte was further studied by ultrafiltration methods as follows : The PGM ions, eomplexed at pH 1 with polyelectrolyte, allowed the applicntion of membrane filtration by virtue of the great differences in molecular weights between PGM and other low molecular weight species. By applying this method, Pd and Pt (ca. $10^{-4}M$) were selectively separated almost quantitatively from coexisting metal ions, e.g., $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$. The EPR spectra and viscosity measurements indicated that these polyelectrlytes were not bound to $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ ions at this pH, which provided the basis for selective separation of PGM(Pd, Pt and Rh) from these coexisting ions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 1993

The thermodynamic parameters (${\Delta}$G, ${\Delta}$H and ${\Delta}$S) of lanthanides(III)-benzoylformate complexes in aqueous solution have been determined in the ionic medium of 0.1M $NaClO_4$ at 25$^{\circ}C$, using pH and enthalpy titration method. The stability constants of the lanthanide(III)-benzoylformate complexes (1 : 1) agree well with the general relationships for the bidentate ligands (e.g., log${\beta}_1$ vs. p$K_a$). Thermodynamic evidences show that the oxygen atom in ketone group is coordinated along with the carboxylate group. It is ascribed to the increasing charge density on the oxygen atom in ketone group due to the conjugation effect in the benzoylformate ligand. Thermodynamic results also indicate that the complexes are stabilized by the enthalpy effect caused by the ionic interaction of metal-oxygen bond as well as the entropy effect.