• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2000

An antiviral protein (CAP30) with ribosome-inactivating activity was purified from the leaves of Chenopodium album L. through ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography using S-Sepharose, Blue-Sepharose, FPLC Suprose12 HR, and FPLC Mono-S. The molecular wight of CAP30 was estimated to be 30kD. CAP30 was thermostable, maintaing its activity even after incubation at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and was stable in the pH range of 6 to 9. In a cell-free in vitro translation system using rabbit reticulocyte lysate, protein synthesis was inhibited by the addition of CAP30 with an $IC_{50}$ of 2.26pM. The comparison of N-terminal amino acid sequences of this protein with known ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) revealed that it had some sequence homology with PAP-S and PAP-R from pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)and dodecandrin from P. dodecandra, but had no sequence homology with RIPs from other plants belonging to different orders. The mosaic symptoms on tobacco leaves caused by cucumber mosaic virus infection was completely inhibited by 100 ng/ml of the pure CAP30 protein.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2000

A series experiments were performed to evaluate mechanical behavior of non-oxide boride type ceramics formed on the AISI 1040 plain carbon steel. Boronizing was performed in a slurry salt bath consisting of borax, boric acid, and ferro-silicon at $950^{\circ}C$ for 2-6h. The AISI 1040 steel used as substrate material was containing 0.4%C, 0.13%Si, 0.65%Mn, 0.02%P, 0.014%S. The presence of non-oxide boride type ceramics $Fe_2B $ and FeB formed on the surface of steel was confirmed by metallographic technique and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The hardness of borides measured via Vickers indenter with a load of 2N reached a microhardness of up to 1800 DPN. The hardness of unborided steel was 185 DPN. The fracture toughness of borides measured by means of Vickers indenter with a load of 10N was about 2.30 MPa.$m^{1/2}$. The thickness of boride layers ranged from 72$\mu\textrm{m}$ to 145$\mu\textrm{m}$. Boride layers have a columnar morphology.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 1986

The Sonakdong river is very important water source not only for agricultural water of Kimhae field but also for fishery water. Recently the middle and lower areas of the river have the tendency to be heavily contaminated by domestic sewage and agricultural chemicals. Fifty six water samples were collected from 8 stations from July to December in 1985 for the experiment (Fig. 1). To evaluate the water quality, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, chloride ion, nutrients ($NO^{-}_{2}-N,\;NO^{-}_{3}-N,\;NH^{+}_{4}-N,\;PO^{3-}_{4}-P,\;SiO_2-Si$), total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus were determined. Range and mean value of the samples were as follows; pH $6.3{\sim}9.4$, 7.91; water temperature $6.1{\sim}34.8^{\circ}C,\;23.88^{\circ}C$; electrical conductivity (from St. A to G) $1.575{\times}10^2{\sim}30.50{\times}10^2{\mu}{\mho}/cm,\;6.57{\times}10^2{\mu}{\mho}/cm$; chloride ion $23.5{\sim}14,300mg/l$, 770.0mg/l; nitrite-nitrogen $0.007{\sim}0.110mg/l$, 0.053mg/l; nitrate-nitrogen $0.001{\sim}1.638mg/l$, 0.649 mg/l; ammonia-nitrogen $0.017{\sim}4.200mg/l$, 0.497mg/l; phosphate-phoshorus $0.011{\sim}0.281mg/l$, 0.086mg/l; and silicate-silicious $2.4{\sim}6.5mg/l$, 4.43mg/l. Electrical conductivity and chloride ion of the station F(Chomanpo) were $2.676{\times}10^2{\mu}{\Omega}cm$ and 123.99mg/l which were lower than those of others. Among the analyzed nutrients, silicate-silicious concentration was the highest through all the samples. The bacterial density of the samples ranged $36{\sim}110,000/100ml$ for total coliform, $15{\sim}46,000/100ml$ for fecal coliform and $3.6{\sim}15,000/100ml$ for fecal streptococcus. The range and the mean of the TC/FC ratio were $3.0{\sim}9.6$, 5.51 and those of the FC/FS ratio were $1.1{\sim}9.2$, 6.19, respectively. On the other hand, fecal coliform was not detected in about $78\%$ of the water samples examined. Composition of coliform was $52\%$ Escherichia coli group, $3\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $13\%$ Enterobacter aerogenes group and $31\%$ others.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

An auxin-producing bacterial strain, designated 4-3, was isolated from waste button mushroom compost in Boryeong-si, Chungnam. The strain 4-3 was classified as a novel strain of Leucobacter tardus, based on chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. TLC and HPLC the isolated L. tardus strain 4-3 produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the auxin. Maximum IAA productionof $94.3mg\;L^{-1}$ was detected for bacteria cultured in R2A medium with 0.1% l-tryptophan, incubated for 24 h at $35^{\circ}C$. Negative correlationwas observed between IAA production and pH of the culture medium, indicating that the increase inIAA caused acidification ofthe medium. The effect of supplementation with varying concentrations of l-tryptophan, a known precursor of IAA, was also assessed. production was maximal at 0.1% l, but decreased at lconcentrations above 0.2%. To investigate the plant growth-promoting effects of the bacterium, L. tardus strain 4-3 culture broth was used to inoculate water cultures and seed pots of mung bean. We found thatadventitious root induction and root growth were 2.2-times higher in thethan in the non-inoculated plants.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.572-580
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• 2003

Synthesizing behavior and microstructural evolution of $CaZrO_3$and $m-ZrO_2$in a thermal reaction process of $ZrSiO_4$-$xCaCO_3$mixtures, where x is 7 and 19, were investigated to determine the addition amount of CaO in CaO:$ZrO_2$:$SiO_2$ternary composition. CaZrO$_3$-Ca$_2$SiO$_4$precursor prepared by the mixture of $ZrSiO_4$and CaCO$_3$in aqueous suspending media was controlled to the acidic (pH=4.0) condition with HCI solution to enhance the thermal reaction. The addition amount of dispersant into the $ZrSiO_4$-$xCaCO_3$slip increased with increasing mole ratio of $CaCO_3$, which was associated with the viscosity of slip. Decarbonation reaction was activated with an increase of the addition amount of $CaCO_3$, showing different final temperatures in $ZrSiO_4$-$7CaCO_3$and $ZrSiO_4$-$19CaCO_3$mixtures as about 980 and 116$0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for finishing decarbonation reaction. The grain morphology was changed to spherical shape for all samples with an increase of sintering temperature. The grain size and phase composition of the synthesized composites depended on the mixture ratio of Zrsi04 and CacO3 powders, indicating that the main crystals were m-ZrO2 ($\leq$3 $\mu\textrm{m}$) and $CaZrO_3$ ($\leq$ 7 $\mu\textrm{m}$) in $ZrSiO_4$$>-7CaCO_3$and $ZrSiO_4$-$19CaCO_3$mixtures, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.451-455
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• 2006

An efficient pilot scale (10 ton) three-stage methane fermentation system to digest food waste has been developed in this laboratory. This system consisted of three stages: semianaerobic hydrolysis, anaerobic acidogenesis and strictly anaerobic methanogenesis. From the secondary acidogenesis reactor, a novel strain KA4 responsible for alcohol fermentation was isolated and characterized. The cell was oval and its dimension was $5.5-6.5{\times}3.5-4.5\;{\mu}m$. This strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae KA4 by 26S rDNA D1/D2 rDNA sequence. Optimal culture temperature was $30-35^{\circ}C$. Cells were tolerant to 5% (v/v) ethanol concentration, however, were inhibited significantly by higher ethanol concentration up to 7%. The strain could grow well up to 50% (w/v) initial glucose concentration in the YM liquid medium, however, optimal concentration for ethanol fermentation was 10%. It could produce ethanol in a broad initial pH range from 4 to 10, and optimal pH was 6. In this condition, the strain converted 10% glucose to 7.4% ethanol during 24 hr, and ethanol yield was estimated to be 2.87 moi EtOH/mol glucose.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.458-464
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• 1998

Search for a new $\alpha$-methylene-$\gamma$-butyrolactone-bearing 6-substituted purine as a potental antitumor agent has led to synthesize seven, hitherto unreported, $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$- methylenetetrahydrofurans (H, Cl, l, $CH_3$, $NH_2$, SH, >C=O) (6a-g). These include $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-purin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$ -methylenetetrahydrofurans (6a), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydr ofurans (6b), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6c), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-methyl-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6d), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-adenin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6e), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-mercapto-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6f) and $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrof urans (6g) which were made by the Reformatsky-type reaction of ethyl $\alpha$-(bromomethyl) acrylate with the corresponding (6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone intermediates (5a-g). These ketone intermediates 5a-g, 1-(9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5a), 1-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5b), 1-(6-iodo-9H-purin-9-yi)-2-propanone (5c), 1-(6-methyl-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5d), 1-(9H-adenin-9-yl)-2-propanone (Se), 1-(6-mercapto-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5f), and 1-(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5g) were directly obtained by the alkylation of the 6-substituted purine bases with the chloroacetone in the presence of $K_2$$CO_3$ (or NaH) under DMF (or DMSO). The preliminary in vitro cytotoxcity assay for the synthetic .alpha.-methylene-y-butyro-lactone compounds (6a-g) were determined against three cell lines (PM-3A, P-388, and K-562) and showed the moderate antitumor activity ($IC_50$ ranged from 1.4 to 4.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) with the compound $5^1$-methyl-$5^1$ -[(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofuran (6g) showing the least antitumor activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.743-752
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of filtered water with silicate minerals on growth performance and pork quality. A total of 64 pigs were allotted at 37.95 kg body weight to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block(RCB) design. Each treatment had 4 replicates and treatments were I) Con(basaI diet). 2) Si-I(consumed silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral additive during 4 weeks before market weight), 3) Si-Il( consumed silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral additive during 8 weeks before market weight) and 4) Si-I1I(consumed silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral additive during 12 weeks before market weight). Silicate complex was added at 0.8% to basal diet. All pigs were allowed to feed and water ad libitum for 12 weeks. During last 4 weeks, average daily gain(ADG) in Si-Il and Si-III group was higher than that in Si-I group(P < 0.05). However overall experimental period, there were no significant differences in growth performance among all treatments. Acceptability of cooked pork at 7th day after slaughter in Si-lII group was higher than that in Con group(P < 0.05). The value of pH of fresh pork at 6 hours after slaughter was lower in Si-I1I group than that in Con group(P < 0.05). TBA values of fresh pork at 14th day after slaughter were lower in Si-II and Si-III groups than Con group(P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that pork quality could be improved when pigs consumed both silicate mineral and silicate mineral filtered water. However, growth performance was not improved by the consumption of silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.292-295
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• 1988

Macrocyclic ligands have been studies as cation carriers in a bulk liquid membrane system. $Cu^{2+}$ has been transported using nitrogen substituted macrocycles as carriers and several transition metal ions($M^{n+}\;=\;Mn^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Cd^{2+},\;Pb^{2+}\;and\;Ag^{+}$) have been transported using $DBN_3O_2,\;DBN_2O_2,\;Me_6N_414C4$ and DA18C6 as carriers in a bulk liquid membrane system. Competitive $Cu^{2+}-M2^+$ transport studies have also been carried out for the same system. In single cation transport experiments, the best macrocyclic ligand for transport is a ligand that gives a moderately stable rather than very stable complex in the extraction. However, when both cations are present in the source phase, the cation which forms the most stable complex with carrier is favored in transport over other cations. Generally, the nitrogen substiituted macrocycles transport $Cu^{2+}$ selectively over $Mn^+$. Ligand structure, equilibrium constant (or stability constant) for complex formation, source phase pH and carrier concentration are also important parameters in transport experiments.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

In screening for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) KCCM 40510 and Bacillus cereus KCTC 3624, NNIBRFG5039 was isolated from the air in Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Based on a high sequence similarity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, NNIBRFG5039 was determined to be closely related to Penicillium rubefaciens CBS 139145. The optimal media, initial pH, and temperature for mycelial growth and antimicrobial activity of P. rubefaciens NNIBRFG5039 were determined as follows: potato dextrose broth (PDB), pH 6.5, and 30℃, respectively. Under the optimal culture conditions, maximum mycelial growth (12.4 g L^-1) and antibacterial activity (7.5 mm zone of inhibition against MRSA KCCM 40510, and 5.0 mm zone of inhibition against B. cereus KCTC 3624) were observed in a 5 L stirred-tank fermenter. We also isolated the antimicrobial compound from an ethyl acetate fraction, and its chemical structure was identified as (S)-6-hydroxymellein (1) by ESI-MS, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR. Consequently, the extract from P. rubefaciens NNIBRFG5039 may be used in functional materials for antimicrobial-related applications.