• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

In order to monitor the histological and general profiles of lung after direct expose of p,p-DDE, 1, 5 and 10 mg/ml of p,p-DDE were sprayed to male ICR mouse, and seven days after exposure, changes of body weight, lung weight, clinical signs, histological profiles of lung and total WBC in blood were investigated with changes of total cell number and their differential count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In the present study, a significant and dosage-dependent decrease of body weight was detected in p,p-DDE exposed groups and body weight gains during observational periods (7 days) were also significantly and dosage-dependently decreased in p,p-DDE exposed groups compared to that of vehicle control group. In addition general depression signs were detected in all p,p-DDE exposed groups with dosage-dependent manners, and lung weights were also increased in p,p-DDE exposed groups. Congestion, hemorrhage and severe exudate were observed in the lung of p,p-DDE exposed groups with sarcomatous changes and these signs were also showed by dosage-dependent manners. In addition, foreign body pneumonia signs were observed in the lung of p,p-DDE exposed groups in histological levels. The percentage of ALSA (Area of luminal surface of alveoli) was also significantly and dosage-dependently decreased in p,p-DDE exposed groups and total blood WBC and BALF cell numbers were significantly and dosage-dependently increased in p,p­DDE exposed groups compared to that of vehicle control group and increase percentage of neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte in BALF were monitored in p,p-DDE exposed groups compared to that of vehicle control group. In conclusion, severe allergic response and/or foreign body pneumonitic changes were induced by direct exposure of p,p-DDE containing beverage. So it is considered that strong and powerful regulation was need to control production of residence of environmental pollutant especially to p,p-DDE.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1984

수증기증류법(水蒸氣蒸溜法)으로 추출(抽出)하고 GLC-ECD를 사용(使用)하여 전라남도(全羅南道) 경작지(耕作地) 토양시료(土壤試料) 121점(點)(plastic film house 59, 밭 30, 과수원(果樹園) 32점(點)) 중의 6가지 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 살충제 (${\gamma}-BHC$, heptachlor, dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT)의 잔류분(殘留分)을 분석평가(分析評價)하였다. 총평균잔류량(總平均殘留量)은 과수원(果樹園)이 0.415ppm, plastic film house가 0.234ppm, 밭 토양(土壤)이 0.158ppm이었다. 전체(全體) 잔류수준(殘留水準)의 94%를 p,p'-DDT와 그 동족체(同族體)(p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD)가 차지했고, ${\gamma}-BHC$는 모든 공시토양(供試土壤)에서 검출(檢出)되었으며 검출범위는 $trace{\sim}0.050ppm$이었다. 총(總) 평균잔류양(平均殘留量)은 $p,p'-DDD>p,p'-DDT>dieldrin{\approx}heptachlor>{\gamma}-BHC{\approx}p,p'-DDE$ 순(順)이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.935-936
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• 2002

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2008

GC-${\mu}$ECD 이용한 수삼, 건조인삼, 홍삼 중 DDT(o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT)의 효율적인 분석방법을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 단순하며 소량의 용매를 사용하는 동시분석법을 이용하여 인삼으로부터 DDT(DDD 및 DDE포함)를 추출하고 헥산 및 6% 에테르 함유 헥산으로 SPE-Florisil(500 mg) 정제하는 것이 GC-${\mu}$ECD 크로마토그램에서 인삼고유성분과 DDT(DDD 및 DDE포함) 피크의 분리도와 회수율 측면에서 가장 효율적이었다. 또한 인삼 중 저농도(0.01-0.05 mg/kg) DDT(DDD 및 DDE포함) 이성질체를 SPE-Florisil(500 mg) 정제 전 30% 황산 처리 후 원심분리로 인삼 고유성분을 제거하여 정확성을 높였다. 동시다성분법 추출 후 황산처리 및 SPE-Florisil(500 mg) 정제방법을 이용한 수삼, 건조 인삼분말, 홍삼분말에 DDT(DDD 및 DDE포함) 이성질체 표준용액을 0.01 mg/kg 농도가 되도록 첨가하여 실험한 회수율은 87.9-99.6%이었으며 표준편차는 0.9-5.9%였다. 또한 검출한계(Method Detection Limits)는 0.003-0.009 mg/kg이었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.980-990
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• 2003

The effect of Gamigyuibi-tang on the penile erection induced by apomorphine HCI and on the erectile dysfunction induced by p,p-DDE, an environmental hormone derivate of DOT, were monitored using male cats. The changes of penile length, diameter, erectic periods and histological profiles of corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum were observed with blood testosterone levels. In conclusion, dose-dependent and significant increase of penile length, diameter, erectic periods and blood testosterone levels were detected in the Gamigyuibitang-dosing groups compared to other groups. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the increasement of congestion of blood vessels and dilation of connective tissues, and decreasement of adipocytes in the corpus cavernosum and/or corpus spongiosum of the Gamigyuibitang-dosing groups. According to these results, it is considered that Gamigyuibitang has some augmentation effect against to apomorphine HCI inducing penile erection and it also suggested that Gamigyuibitang has favorable effect to treatment of erectic dysfunctions induced by p,p-DDE.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1987

1986.3.20∼4.6 사이에 충남(忠南)의 대덕(大德), 공주(公州), 금산(錦山), 논산(論山) 및 연기군(燕岐郡) 등 5개 지역(地域)에서 총(總) 108점(點)의 논토양을 채취하여 19종(種), 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 농약(農藥)을 대상으로 잔류수준(殘留水準)을 조사(調査)하였으며, 중요한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 모두 12종(種)의 농약성분을 검출(檢出)하였으며, 검출빈도는 P.P'-DDE (67.6%), ${\gamma}-BHC$(54.8%), ${\gamma}-chlordane$(50.9%), 그리고 ${\alpha}-BHC$(47.1%)의 순(順)이었고, 평균잔류량(平均殘留量)은 ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$, P.P'-DDD와 P.P'-DDE가 0.001ppm 수준이었다. 2. 검출시료의 평균잔류수준은 ${\beta}$-BHC가 0.001ppm, ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$, P.P'-DDT, O.P'-DDT 및 P.P'-DDD가 모두 0.002ppm 수준이었다. 3. 이상(以上)의 결과에서 볼 때, ${\beta}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$ 및 DDT의 대사산물(代謝産物)의 잔류성(性)이 비교적 길은 것으로 나타났으나 전반적(全般的)인 잔류수준은 높지 않은 것으로 평가(評價)할 수 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.829-838
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• 2005

In order to investigate the residual amounts of organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Korean human tissues (blood, adipose tissue, liver, kidney cortex, and lung), the samples were collected from the autopsied cadavers of 40 men and 40 women (from teens to seventies of age). ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\beta}-BHC,\;{\gamma}-BHC,\;{\delta}-BHC$, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldein, aldrin, and 7 marker PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) were determined in human tissues. The levels of organochlorines and PCB congeners indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. Positive correlations in terms of age were observed for the following cases: p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, ${\Sigma}-DDT$, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153, and ${\Sigma}-PCB$ in the adipose tissue, and p,p'-DDE in the lung. Concentration of these compounds showed a significant age-related increase. Accumulation of these compounds in aged people revealed that these compounds were more slowly eliminated in our environment and risk assessment was necessary for further proper action. Significant differences in the levels of PCBs between genders were found for PCB 118 in the adipose tissue and PCB 138 in the liver. Positive correlation coefficients between tissues were detected with p,p'-DDE and ${\beta}-BHC$.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2005

To develop the diet for Korean type 2 diabetic patients, a consumer survey was conducted (N=35) and was analyzed statistically. The survey compared the results of a questionnaire, somatometry, and blood parameters before and 8 weeks after the experiment. It was divided into Diabetic diet enforcement group (DDE) vs. Non diabetic diet enforcement group (NDDE). There was no significant difference in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the subjects before and 8 weeks after the experiment. DDE's average fasting glucose (FBG) and post prandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2) were significantly decreased before and after the experiment (p<0.05). NDDE's average FBG and PP2 showed no significant difference. In terms of Hemoglobin $A_lC\;(HbA_1C)$ content, DDE's had significantly decreased level both before and after the experiment (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the NDDE group. Cholesterol and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly different in DDE (p<0.05) both before and after the experiment. Whereas in the case of NDDE, there was no significant difference on the cholesterol and HDL-C, while DDE's showed a significant difference before and after the experiment. In terms of patients distribution depending on their treatment (p<0.05), NDDE had no significant difference before and after the experiment. For an item asking blood glucose control, DDE had significant difference before and after the experiment (p<0.01), while NDDE had no significant difference. For program satisfaction (p<0.05) and health (p<0.001), both the groups changed significantly after the experiment. But there was no significant difference in applying it to their real life after the experiment. Based on these results, DDE had the decreased blood glucose levels, $HbA_1C$, and cholesterol and increased HDL-C, with decreased rate of the patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents. In addition, many of the patients who participated in the experiment were found to be satisfied with the program, in terms of having less trouble in glucose control and exhibited improvement in health. Hence, based on the above results it was concluded that program was a very successful one for the treatment of diabetes.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1986

주요(主要) 패류(貝類) 서식지중(棲息地中) 서남해안(西南海岸) 4개지역(個地域)을 선정(選定), 1983년 8월부터 10월에 걸쳐 저니토(底泥土) 시료(試料)118점(點)을 채취(採取), gas chromatograph에 의하여 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 농약(農藥)의 잔류량(殘留量)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\gamma}-BHC$와 PCNB, heptachlor, ${\alpha}-endosulfan,\;{\beta}-endosulfan,$ p, p'-DDE, dieldrin, o, p'-DDT 및 p, p'-DDT 등(等)이 M$2{\sim}98%$의 검출빈도(檢出頻度)를 보였고 그 평균잔류수준(平均殘留水準)은 ${\gamma}-BHC$와 $PCNB>{\alpha}-BHC>heptachlor{\approx}{\alpha}-endosulfan{\approx}\;p,\; p'-DDE{\approx}dieldrin{\approx}{\beta}-endosulfan{\approx}\;o,\;p'-DDT{\approx}\;p,\;p'-DDT$순(順)으로 $trace{\sim}0.04ppm$범위(範圍)였다. 지역별(地域別) 총잔류량(總殘留量)의 평균(平均)은 강진(康津), 광양(光陽), 여천(麗川) 및 영광(靈光)이 각각(各各) 0.058, 0.080, 0.016 및 0.075ppm이었다. DC-200 column을 사용(使用)하여 ${\gamma}-BHC$와 PCNB의 peak를 분리(分離)하였고 PCNB는 이를 환원(還元) 유도체(誘導體)인 PCA로 만들어 동정(同定)함으로써 공시시료중(供試試料中) PCNB가 잔류(殘留)됨을 확인(確認)하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2002

Persistent organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used intensively in agriculture or industry for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chain, resulting in the intake of these compounds by man and animal. The measure of the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in tissues or blood of human populations are good markers in determining the extent of exposure and in the evaluating the hazards. So, most countriess have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in human tissues. But a few report has been presented in Korea. In this study, $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldein, aldrin and 7 marker PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined in human blood, adipose tissue and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 13-79 year of age. Significant differences in the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs between districts where they had lived were found in the following chemicals: total PCB in the blood : $\beta$-BHC, total BHC, p,p'-DDE and total DDT in the adipose tissue : p,p'-DDE, total DDT and PCB 118 in the liver. No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs between sexes and ages. Though the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were relatively lower than that of other countries, we could know that organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have been widely distributed in Korean human body.