• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1605-1611
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• 2017

Objective: Following a previous report, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of increasing level of dried stoned olives pomaces (DSOP) in the diet of lactating buffaloes on milk and mozzarella cheese yield and characteristics. Methods: Sixteen pluriparous buffaloes distributed into two groups were fed an isoenergetic (0.9 milk forage unit/kg) and isoprotein (149 g/kg dry matter [DM] of crude protein) diet, with or without DSOP. Each animal received 17 kg DM/d. Samples of forages and concentrates were weekly collected and used for duplicate chemical analyses. Individual milk samples from each control were analyzed for chemical and coagulating parameters and daily production of mozzarella cheese was estimated. At the end of the trial, bulk milk of each group was processed to produce mozzarella cheese and chemical (fat, protein, ash, pH) composition, fatty acids composition, carotenoids and tocopherols content were determined. A sensory test was also performed. The oxidative stability was measured on mozzarella cheese and on governing liquid. Results: No significant differences were observed, neither for milk yield and body condition score, nor for milk characteristics. The fat was higher (p<0.05) in mozzarella of DSOP fed group but, saturated fatty acids were lower and unsaturated higher (p<0.01). Furthermore, lower atherogenic (p<0.01), and thrombogenic (p<0.05) indices were found in mozzarella cheese of DSOP fed group. In addition, the administration of DSOP did not affect the mozzarella cheese oxidative stability and no negative effect was found in the sensory properties. Conclusion: No contraindications appeared for the inclusion of DSOP in the diet of lactating buffaloes. Besides, important effects on mozzarella cheese quality were obtained, such as a modification of fat content and attributes with an increment in the mono-unsaturated. Additionally, a lower saturated/unsaturated ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices suggest an improvement of dietetic and nutritional characteristics of mozzarella cheese.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Objectives : Circium japonicum is a pharmacologically active used in traditional Korean medicine. An aqua-acupuncture solution of the Circium japonicum was assessed to determine the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Materials : Circium japonicum was obtained from a Dongguk Korean Medicine Hospital (Kyung-ju, Kyungbuk). The freeze-dry powder was collected (yield 5.1%) for the aqua-acupuncture solution. Scavenging activity on DPPH free radicals by the Circium japonicum aqua-acupuncture solution (CJAS) was assessed according to the method followed by Gyamfi et al.. and then scavenging activity orl superoxide radicals $(O_2^-{\cdot})$ was assessed by the method described by Gotoh et al. with slight modification. Deoxyribose assay to determine the rate constant for the reactions between either antioxidants and hydroxyl radicals or antioxidants and iron ions. We tested by; (1) Non-site-specific scavenging assay (hydroxyl radicals, OH), (2) Site-specific scavenging assay (chelate iron ions), and (3) Pro-oxidant effect of the CJAS on iron dependent hydroxyl radical generation. Finally, we determined hydroxyl radical-mediated DNA nicking formation. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that CJAS has antioxidant activities and we investigated the potential effectiveness of CJAS in preventing oxidative stress-mediated disease further.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to protect cells from oxidative stress and other types of injuries. We previously reported the neuroprotective effect of HSP70 following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion using hsp 70.1 knockout (KO) mice. However, the precise role of HSP70 in neuroprotection has not been established yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HSP70 and antioxidant enzymes using hsp 70.1 KO mice. The activities of both SOD-1 and SOD-2 were significantly decreased in hsp 70.1 KO mice than in the wild type (WT) littermates. SOD-1 protein level in the hsp 70.1 KO mice was lower than that of WT. We speculate that HSP70 might be involved in regulation of expression of SOD-1 at the level of transcription or by post-transcriptional modification.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 1997

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis and has been reported to contain an abundance of free radical species which could be expected to deplete antioxidants such as vitamin C . The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between smoking, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and plasma vitamin C level. Fifty-five healthy male smokers and 32 non-smokers were investigated in the study. Mean age, body weight , BMI and blood pressure made no differences in both smokers and non-smokers. Significantly, smokers has higher plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C , and lower HDL-C /LDL-C ratio compared with non-smokers. Plasma level of thiobartiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS), indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility of LDL towards lipid perosidation, were elevated in smokers(p<0.001), while the plasma vitamin C level of smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers(p<0.05), indicating that elevated lipid peroxidation are associated with decreased plasma vitamin C content. In non-smokers a significantly positive correlation was observed between dietary vitamin C intake and plasma levels, but no such association observed in smokers. Lack of such a relationship and the decreased plasma vitamin C level in the smokers suggest that smoking may cause increased turnover of the plasma antioxidant. Consuquently, the sustained free radical load derived from smoking causes an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status and it could be expected that cigarette smoking renders plasma LDL more susceptible to oxidative modification . In the present study the possible explanations for that cigarette smokers have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease include the changes of blood lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and plasma vitamin C status which might have protective functions against free radicals -medaited lipid peroxidation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2006

Many epidemiological and observational studies show that distorted body image of normal body weight is widespread among Korean young females. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and underweight of young females and, to compare nutrient intakes, body composition, serum indices (lipids, MDA: Malondialdehyde, TAS : Total Antioxidant Status) with different BMI groups. The subjects were 75 university students in Seoul. We divided the subjects into 3 groups according to their BMI by IOTF guideline (UW: underweight group, BMI < 18.5, NW: normal body weight group; 18.5 $\leq$ BMI < 23.0, OW: overweight group; BMI $\geq$ 23.0). Data on dietary intakes, body compositions and serum indices were obtained in 3 groups. Differences on all of the above variables were assessed by body weight groups. Using IOTF guidelines, the prevalence of overweight and underweight in young females were 23%, 61%, 16% respectively. $\beta$-carotene and vitamin A intake of UW were significantly higher than that of NW (p < 0.05). Fiber intakes of NW was significantly higher than that of W (p < 0.05). But intakes of energy and the other nutrients were not significantly different among BMI groups. Calcium and folate intakes were 75%, 61% of KDRIs. Serum TGs were significantly higher in OW than that of NW, UW (p < 0.05), but level of MDA and TAS were not significantly different. The association of overweight and low intake of $\beta$-carotene and vitamin A may be one of many factors predisposing obese females to a high risk of oxidative stress later in life. This requires urgent nutritional intervention programs involving enough intake of fruit and vegetables, with modification of inappropriate dietary habits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2011

It has been known that, under certain conditions, application of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasmas can enhance proliferation of cells. In this study, conditions for optimal cell proliferation were examined for various cells relevant for orthopaedic applications. Plasmas used in our experiments were generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a helium flow (of approximately 3 litter/min) into ambient air at atmospheric pressure by a 10 kV~20 kHz power supply. Such plasmas were directly applied to a medium, in which cells of interest were cultured. The cells examined in this study were human synoviocytes, rat mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue, a mouse osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), a mouse embryonic mesenchymal cell line (C3H-10T1/2), human osteosarcoma cells (HOS), a mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12), and rat Schwann cells. Since cell proliferation can be enhanced even if the cells are not directly exposed to plasmas but cultured in a medium that is pre-treated by plasma application, it is surmised that long-life free radicals generated in the medium by plasma application stimulate cell proliferation if their densities are appropriate. The level of free radical generation in the medium was examined by dROMs tests and correlation between cell proliferation and oxidative stress was observed. Other applications of plasma medicine in orthopaedics, such as plasma modification of artificial bones and wound healing effects by direct plasma application for mouse models, will be also discussed. The work has been done in collaboration with Prof. H. Yoshikawa and his group members at the School of Medicine, Osaka University.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.464-473
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• 1999

Regulation of phosphcholine-hydrolyzing phosphatase (phosphocholine-phosphatase) activity, purified from bovine brain, was examined under physiological conditions. Various endogenous phosphomonoesters, which were utilized as substrate, inhibited the phosphocoline-phosphatase activity competitively (Ki 5.5-$82.0 {\mu}M$); among phosphomonoesters tested, there was a similar order of capability between the binding affinity of substrate and the inhibitory potency. In addition, phosphate ions also inhibited the phosphatase activity competitively with a Ki value of approximately $16{\mu}M$. Although leucine or theophylline inhibited the phosphatase activity at pH 9.0, their inhibitory action decreased greatly at pH 7.4. The pH-Km and pH-Vm profiles indicate that ionizable amino acids are involved in substrate binding as well as catalysis, alluding that the phosphatase activity may be highly dependent on the intracellular pH. Amino acid modification study supports the existence of tyrosine, arginine or lysine residue in the active site, and the participation of tyrosine residue in the catalytic action may e suggested positively for the susceptibility to the action of tetranitromethane or HOl-generator. Separately, the oxidative inactivation of phosphocholine-phosphatase activity was investigated. Of oxidants tested, HOONO, HOCl, HOl and $ascorbate/Cu^{2+}$ system were effective to inactivate the phosphatase activity. Noteworthy, a remarkable inativation was accomplished by $30{\mu}M$ HOCl in combination with 1 mM Kl. Inaddition, $Cu^{2+}(3{\mu}M) $in combination with ascorbate at concentrations as low as 0.1-0.3 mM reduced the phosphatase activity to a great extent. From these results, it is proposed that the phosphocholine-phosphatase activity may be regulated endogenously and susceptible to the various oxidant system in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2015

The Korean daily intake of vegetable oils has increased about 2.5-fold from 17 g/day to 46 g/day for the last several decades. Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) has been cultivated in Korea for a long time as a dietary oil seed which has the highest content of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, accounting for nearly 60%. It is known that the main role of ALA is as a precursor to the longer-chain ${\omega}-3$, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the metabolic products of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA, ${\omega}-3$). Dietary ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids reduce inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and arthritis, but they also may act as functional components for cognitive and behavioral function. Thus, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid is one of the essential nutrients in modern dietary patterns in which much linoleic acid is consumed. Nevertheless, perilla oil, rich in ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, can be easily oxidized, giving rise to controversies with respect to shelf life, the deterioration of the product's commercial value, and further related toxicity. Recent research using genetic modifications has tried to develop new plant oil seeds that balance the ratio of ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ fatty acids. Such trials could be a strategy for improving an easily oxidizable property of perilla oil due to high ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. Alternatively, appropriate application of antioxidant to the oil can be considerable.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 1 enzymes such as P450 1A1, 1A2, and 181 are known to be involved in the oxidative metabolism of various procarcinogens and are regarded as important target enzymes for cancer chemoprevention. Previously, several hydroxystilbene compounds were reported to inhibit P450 1 enzymes and were rated as candidate chemopreventive agents. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 2-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]-thiophene (DMPVT), produced from the chemical modification of oxyresveratrol, on the activities of P450 1 enzymes. The inhibitory potential by DMPVT on the P450 1 enzyme activity was evaluated with the Escherichia coli membranes of the recombinant human cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, or 1B1 coexpressed with human NADPH-P450 reductase. DMPVT significantly inhibited ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 61, 11, and 2 nM for 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1, respectively. The EROO activity in OMBA-treated rat lung microsomes was also significantly inhibited by OMPVT in a dose-dependent manner. The modes of inhibition by DMPVT were non-competitive for all three P450 enzymes. The inhibition of P450 1B1-mediated EROD activity by OMPVT did not show the irreversible mechanism-based effect. The loss of EROD activity in P450 1B1 with OMPVT incubation was not blocked by treatment with the trapping agents such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, or dithiothreitol. Taken together, the results suggested DMPVT to be a strong noncompetitive inhibitor of human P450 1 enzymes that should be considered as a good candidate for a cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2012

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. In this study, human LDL was isolated and oxidized using $CuSO_4$ in the presence or absence of S-allylmercaptocysteine. Oxidative modification of the LDL fraction was monitored by both the appearance of thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS), an increase in electrophoretic mobility, and conjugated diene formation. The addition of S-allylmercaptocysteine reduced lipid peroxide formation, indicating it to be an effective antioxidant. The inhibition of LDL oxidation by $5{\sim}20{\mu}g/ml$ S-allylmercaptocysteine occurred in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by the TBARS assay. S-allylmercaptocysteine at $20{\mu}g/ml$ almost completely inhibited the $Cu^{2+}$ induced increases in electrophoretic mobility of LDL and almost completely inhibited conjugated diene formation. A more potent antioxidative activity was observed for S-allylmercaptocysteine than for either Vitamin C or $d{\ell}-{\alpha}$-tocopherol. Thus, S-allylmercaptocysteine aid in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease.