• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.464-482
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• 2000

이 논문은 상류복점, 하류복점의 시장구조에서 네트워크산업의 중요한 특징으로 간주되고 있는 규제와 불완전정보를 고려하여 네트워크산업의 시장구조에 대하여 모델링을 시도한 논문이다. 이 논문에서 고려하고 있는 시장구조는 독립적 소유구조(Independent Ownership), 부분적 수직결합구조(Partial Vertical Integration), 평행적 수직결합구조(Parallel Vertical Integration)로서 각 시장구조별로 가격, 공급량, 이윤, 불완전 정보로 발생하는 오인보고량(Misreport)의 크기를 따져보고 있다. 공급량, 총이윤은 평행적 수직결합구조에서 가장 크게 나타났고 다음 부분적 수직결합구조, 독립적 소유구조의 순서로 나타났다. 가격과 오인보고량의 크기는 독립적 소유구조에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 다음 부분적 수직결합구조, 독립적 소유구조 순으로 나타났다. 또한 이 논문에서는 규제와 다른 변수와의 관계를 고려하고 있는데, 규제당국의 규제능력이 향상할수록 서비스의 가격과 오인보고량의 크기가 떨어지고 망소유 기업의 이윤이 감소하는 것으로 나타났지만 총 공급량과 서비스만 제공하는 기업의 이윤은 오히려 증가하고 있음을 보여주었다. 한편, 규제와 다른 기업의 보완전 구성요소의 사용량의 관계에 있어서는 규제당국의 규제수준이 일정수준 이상이 되면 부분적 수직결함구조와 평행적 수직결합구조에서 보완적 구성요소의 사용이 이루어지고 규제수준이 향상될수록 이 사용량 증가하고 있음을 보여주고 있는데 이는 이 논문만의 독특한 결론이라고 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.48-56
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• 2010

Since ancient times, Korea has been called a land of beauty. Scenic sites under the Cultural Properties Protection Act include picturesque places that are famous for their natural scenic beauty as well as their historical and cultural value. Scenic sites are managed as natural assets to promote their preservation and use. However, the management of scenic sites can produce adverse effects on regional development and ownership rights. Moreover, the purpose of their designation as cultural assets is not fully understood because scenic sites are managed by focusing on restraint on users' act the same as was applied to historic sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to protect inhabitants' rights of ownership by arranging the boundaries of designated areas and by providing standard permission for condition changes in the Buryeongsa Valley, which was designated as a Scenic Site in 1979. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, arranging the boundaries of the designated area includes the arrangement of the edge lines standardized on the visual range of the mountain ridge, preventing the loss of landscape beauty in the designated district; the internal clearing district focuses on the existing settlement. Gearing the designated areas after the arrangement of the boundaries results in $11,928,932m^2$, 38.6% compared to the existing designated areas. Second, it establishes a 500m buffer zone inside the radius of the boundary of the cultural asset as a standard for condition changes that seriously affect landscape preservation. Third, the standards for permission on building 'height regulations' are divided into flat and gable, according to the roof shape. The adopted standard is 8m high for 2 story flat roofs, and 12m high for 2 story gable roofs.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.76-101
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• 2021

This paper analyzes two cases of space tokenization, Meridio and QuantmRE, to explore the potential of tokenization as a new means of space financialization. Space tokenization is based on blockchain technology and security token offering (STO). Although some financial geographers noted the possible impact of blockchain technology on space financialization, it has not been examined in depth. Therefore, this paper demonstrates space tokenization cases in detail. Meridio and QuantmRE suggest financial structures that convert space into tokens based on fractional ownership transactions. QuantmRE, specifically, allows a homeowner to secure cash without either debt or ownership relinquishment through sales of tokenized home equity. As this method takes a form of sale transaction rather than a loan, it enables financial institutions to circumvent strengthened regulation on loans after the 2008 global financial crisis. Moreover, even "house poor" households, who own houses but lack cash due to excessive loans, can cash out from their properties through QuantmRE. As such, space tokenization enables financial institutions to overcome constrained conditions after the global financial crisis, thereby reproducing space financialization. Space tokenization also has the potential to geographically expand space financialization through stimulating investment in the depressed housing market.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.61
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• pp.98-117
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• 2013

In 2009, Korea Communications Commission(KCC) added a new clause which regulates the protection of the media diversity to the Broadcasting Act. Specifically, the provision, Article 35-4, contains the creation of the Media Diversity Committee which is responsible for (1) the measure of TV audience share by media company; and (2) the development of summing up index of the different media influence by the end of 2012. Although the Korean version of diversity index as German KEK was made after a careful consideration based on the necessity to devise a criterion to determine the appropriate level of ownership regulation for the media companies, several issues including the measurement method have been raising the consistent controversy among experts. This study focuses on the evaluation of the media diversity policy by indicating the problems of the devised index and showing the concrete issues of the contention. As the result of the policy delphi-analysis targeted 10 media experts, this study suggest that the Article 35-4 of Broadcasting Act needs to be amend into the realistic and rational directions in well with the tenets of the law.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2014

As urbanization and industrialization develops, the necessity of utilizing scarce land in three dimensions is raising. The issue of utilizing underground space is being actively discussed particularly when Geyeonggi-do announced GTX(Great Train Express) construction plan which aims to relieve traffic congestion in metropolitan areas. The current regulation on compensation of underground space is based on "Regulations on compensation standard complied by using underground space for construction of urban railway" but it is difficult for covering the whole rights to protect a three-dimensional right. In this context, the study is to propose the improvement plans of land right's problem and compensation issues to utilization of underground space for the right complementary. To do this, the study reviews the use situation of the classification surface right and using adjudication which defines the effect scope of underground space extending land ownership. As well as it analyzes issues about compensation standard for utilizing of underground space.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate using and evaluative criteria for purchasing of sleepwear in winter. Subjects were 523 males and females aged from twenties to fifties, living in Chongju and Taejon. For data analysis, frequency, descriptive analysis, t-test, and F-test were used. The results are as follows. First, the ownership of sleepwear was sweat suits with zippered top, pajamas, T-shirts/pants, underwear, and nightgown in order. The mean of using sweat suits was used the highest, and subjects used more home wear than sleepwear in winter. Second, the using or sleepwear had a significant difference in cold-sensitiveness and body types. Cold-sensitive group used sweat suit and T-shirts/pants more than cold-insensitive group. Also, groups who are thin wore sweat suit the most while groups who are corpulent, used underwear the most when they slept. Third, subjects, who are married women and use bed, used nightgown, but pajamas were used by groups who are older, married, and professional. Sweat suits and T-shirts/pants were used the most by single aged twenties. Forth, consumers considered the wearing comfort when they purchased sleepwear for winter, and they evaluated washing/management, fabric, design/style, economic, service, brand, and others' response in order, for judging the quality of sleepwear. Also, the evaluative criteria had a significant difference in demographic variables such as sex, occupation, and marital state. These results implied that sleepwear would be needed for winter in terms of behavioral temperature regulation. Especially, cold-sensitive and thin group would wear knitted and two-piece sleepwear for thermal comfort when they sleep in winter. Also, Using and evaluative criteria of sleepwear would be different in demographic characteristics. For winter, sleepwear should be develop based on physiologic as well as demographic variables.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.68-90
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• 2007

Nurse staffing level is an important factor that influences the quality of health service and patient outcomes. This study was carried out to examine the current state of acute hospital nurse staffing and find out factors that affect the nurse staffing level. Nurse staffing of individual hospitals was measured using the number of registered nurses per 100 beds. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were conducted using 592 acute care hospitals' data. Regression model included structure factors such as referral level, ownership, medical and general staffing, and financial outcome factors such as occupancy rate, inpatient and outpatient revenues. Market characteristics included strength of competition, supply of nurses, and income and health status level of consumers. The average number of nurses per 100 beds was 28 and showed a great variation according to the referral level. Regression model explained this variation as much as 76.87%. Hospital structure variables which affecting the hospital nurse staffing level positively were ICU bed ratio, the staffing level of specialist, training doctor and employees except doctor and nursing personnel, while the negative factor was nurse aid staffing level. General hospitals employed more nurses than hospitals. Among outcome characteristics, occupancy rate and the amount of health insurance inpatient revenue affected positively on the hospital nurse staffing level. The more supply of the new nurse and the higher consumer income and health status in the medical service markets, the more nurses were employed by the medical institutes. According to the study result, hospitals employed more nurses when they had more financial incentive by increasing nurses. This means appropriate hospital incentive policy and regulation policy, which hospital violate nurse staffing level have to pay penality, should be needed. Clarifying job description between nurses and nurse aids and the reentry program for unemployed experienced nurses will be helpful to increase nurse staffing level.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

In Korea, a movement for forming intentional communities is gathering people's interests to improve individualistic living environment, and to create a humanistic lifestyle. However, it is difficult to say if its management is successful or not, because intentional community is just in the experimental stage in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify actual condition of residents' participation in forming process, shared activities in their daily lives, residents' regulation, common facilities and its management in order to offer basic information for revitalization of intentional communities in Korea. 7 intentional communities including eco-friendly villages, religious communities and a cooperative housing community were collected as the study objects. Upon analysis, those communities were divided into two groups according to their purpose of establishment; "HC (Housing-life focused Community includes cooperative housing community and eco-friendly community)" and "IC (Ideology focused Community includes ideology community and religious community)" in order to identify difference in residents' participation between the two groups. In-dept interviews with representatives of 7 intentional communities by a structured questionnaire were used as study method. The findings of this study are as follows; In general, more active residents' participation is identified in ICs than in HCs. There is no common house, which is considered as essential in intentional community, in HCs, while it was facilitated in all ICs. Role of leader seems more important in ICs than in HCs. About the ownership of housing and land, private owned is common in HCs, while community owned is common in ICs. Shared activities and residents' regulations are evidently less in most HCs than in ICs. Furthermore, in order to run a community sustainable, it is crucial to encourage sense of community among residents, and developing common house and activity programs. Common house design, which can promote proactive residents' participation in shared activity should be studied fitted to Korean circumstances. Above all, proactive participation in the shared activities is one of the most important factors in intentional community.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 1998

The history of GIS in Japan have been started from the Mesh-data at 1969 and the UIS (Urban Information System) at the early 1970's, and recently we can find the tenn of GIS in many fields and places in Japan. Specially after the Earthquake disaster of Kobe, the importance of the Emergency Management System and the Spatial Data Framework have been growing quickly and the studies and projects of GIS have been increased more and more. I hope that the study about the history and the recent situation of GIS in Japan can show the right way for many GIS projects in our country and so we can be escaped from the amusement of time and money, because the land Regulation System and the Concept of Land Ownership of Japan are very similar to those of Korea. For that purpose, first, I try to trace the history and the present situation of GIS, UIS, FM/AM and Spatial Database Framework in Japan, second, to identify the advantages and disadvantages and problems of Japanese system and finally to suggest more propper way for the GIS projects in Korea.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-116
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• 2013

The environmental problems such as global climate chage, global wamning, ozone depletion, environmental pollution have been caused by the rapid economic growth, increasing in use of fossil fuels for industralization and scientific technology development. Between Environmental Preservation and Economic Development, the new paradigm, "Sustainable Development" is presented to the world now. To achieve global environmental objectives, some multilateral envrionment mental agreements includes trade regulation. However Kyoto Protocol has no provisions to regulate trade and is not in force yet. By the effectuation of the Kyoto Protocol, Korea will be faced very serious situation because of her high Dependency on Foreign Trade and Fossil Fuel- intensive Industries. We must be able to gain a sense of ownership in the out come of the WTO/CTE discussions by contributing meaningfully to the creation of a constructive relationship between Trade and Environment concerns.