• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.230-243
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the body sizes of $7{\sim}12$ years elementary school girls and also to categorize KS size dimensions by the detailed information of ages and body shapes. For the study, the data of SizeKorea(2004) was analysed. Height, bust, waist, hip, the ratio of waist to height and hip to height were significant between age groups, but the ratio of bust to height was not. Therefore, the increase of bust size was resulted in growth of bust circumference, instead of bust volume. In the same height group, over 11 year girls had smaller waist, while over 12 year girls had bigger hip. For Grouping girls by ages and body shapes, the ages were divided into 2 groups, under 10 years old and 11 to 12 years old. The body shapes classified into 3 groups 'Stout-shape', 'Middle-shape', and 'slim-shape', by the ratios of bust to height and hip to height. 'Stout-shape' was significantly big at the almost sizes, but 'Middle-shape' was significantly big at only circumferences, not lengths. In addition, drop(the difference between bust and hip) and lower-drop(the difference between waist and hip) were in inverse proportion to the ratios of bust to height and hip to height. It meant the increases of bust-ratio and hip-ratio of 'Stout-shape' were resulted in overweight, rather than female matureness. The distribution of sizes over 0.5% were grouped for grading system and the subtotal percentiles of each group were calculated for industrial data. The groups which covered more than 10% of consumers were 2 to 6 and the 1 or 2 groups for 'Stout-shape' were also observed, so that children's ready-to wear companies could use them efficiently for their own consumer target.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 2019

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is highly prevalent in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be reduced by physical activity via altered proinflammatory parameters. However, the association between the frequency of physical activity and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in prediabetic patients remains unclear and was evaluated in this study. Methods: Utilizing the Korean National Health Insurance Sharing Service database, 58,391 adults, who met the research criteria and underwent a general medical check-up between 2009 and 2013, were selected for this study. To analyze the data, a logistic regression with a proc survey logistic procedure was used. Results: The study revealed that the cumulative rheumatoid arthritis prevalence was lower in prediabetic patients compared to that in the control group (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.483-0.840; p=0.001). More frequent physical activity (≥3 days/week) was significantly associated with a reduced rheumatoid arthritis prevalence in both groups (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.039-0.521; p=0.044 vs. OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.063-0.237; p=0.007). Additionally, a 3.8-fold higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis development was observed in prediabetic adults with less frequent baseline physical activity (≤2 days/week). Overall, in prediabetes, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was associated with the frequency of physical activity and not with the fasting plasma glucose levels. Conclusion: More frequent physical activity is associated with a low risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in prediabetic patients. Thus, further studies are needed to confirm the clinical outcomes of frequent physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis prevention and control.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2016

Purpose: The incidence of gallstones after gastrectomy for gastric cancer is higher than in the general population. However, the causes and mechanisms of post-gastrectomy gallstones are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gallstone formation and the risk factors for their development after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Of 1,744 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2010 and December 2012, 1,284 were included in this study and retrospectively reviewed. Patients' age, sex, body mass index (BMI), tumor location, stage, type of gastrectomy, type of reconstruction, and extent of node dissection were evaluated. Results: The incidence of gallstones after gastrectomy for gastric cancer was significantly higher in men than in women (P=0.019). Exclusion of the duodenum during reconstruction was associated with a significantly higher incidence of gallstones (P=0.003). Overweight and obese patients with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ had significantly higher incidence of gallstones than those with a lower BMI (P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that obesity (hazard ratio, HR=1.614; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.135~2.296; P=0.008), male sex (HR=1.515, 95% CI: 1.029~2.231, P=0.033), and exclusion of the duodenum (HR=1.648, 95% CI: 1.192~2.280, P=0.003) were significant, independent risk factors for gallstones after gastrectomy. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence of gallstones for 5 years after gastrectomy was 15.3%. Male sex, obesity, and exclusion of the duodenum were risk factors for gallstone formation after gastrectomy. Careful surveillance will be required for these patient groups after gastrectomy.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the current difficulties surrounding children's obesity management and evaluate the application of a mobile phone as a tool to overcome such difficulties of obesity management from the perspective of main caregivers of elementary school students. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through 3 focus group interviews including 6 full-time housewives, 7 mothers with overweight children, and 4 working mothers. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: The limitations of current children's obesity management included difficulty in diet management and exercise as well as challenges of setting goals and lack of support at the household and school levels. Mobile technology may be useful to overcome the current problems by providing real-time knowledge on diet management and physical activity, online compensation scheme according to goal setting, and interactive environmental supports at both household and school levels for promoting overall health. Conclusions: The mobile-based multiple support program may assist in overcoming the current limitations of child obesity management by providing tailored information and by creating a more supportive environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2023

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing weight loss efforts in hypertensive patients with obesity in Korea using data from the 2016-2019 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight perception, weight loss efforts, and weight control methods were investigated for 1,910 subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation analysis and logistic regression. Among obese hypertensive patients, 12.6% perceived their weight as normal. Weight loss efforts were 2.03 times (95% CI: 1.48 to 2.78) higher in people with overweight perception than those with normal weight perception, and 1.74 times (95% CI: 1.33 to 2.26) higher in women than in men. In addition, those with class 1 obesity were 1.50 times (95% CI: 0.85 to 2.65) higher than those with class 3 obesity, and those with class 2 obesity were 2.16 times (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.00) higher than those with class 3 obesity. These results suggest that weight management approaches for hypertensive patients with obesity should be individually designed according to weight perception, gender, and obesity class.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.374-381
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the diet effect of green coffee bean extract on body fat reduction. Overweight/obese women (body mass index > $23\;kg/m^2$ or body fat > 27%) who were not diagnosed any type of disease were included in this study and subjects were randomly assigned to green coffee bean extract group (n = 23) or placebo group (n = 20). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8-weeks intervention period. After supplementation, green coffee bean extract group showed a significant reduction of body weight (p < 0.01), body fat percent (p < 0.01), total fat area at L1 vertebra (-4.8%, p < 0.05) and visceral fat area at L4 vertebra was(-4.7%, p < 0.05). In addition, total fat area and visceral fat area at L1 vertebra decreased significantly in green coffee bean extract group compared with placebo group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05 respectively). The result of present study demonstrated that the supplementation of green coffee bean extract for 8 weeks can give beneficial effects on body fat reduction and visceral fat accumulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2012

In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 $kg/m^2$ or body fat > 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n=10) or placebo group (n=10). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8week intervention period. After supplementation, the coffee bean extract group showed body weight (p=0.08), body mass index (p=0.06), hip circumference (p<0.05), and upper waist circumference (p< 0.01). In addition, after 8 weeks, the coffee bean extract group showed a significant decrease in abdominal internal fat area compared to 0 weeks (0 weeks : $155.8cm^2$; 8 weeks : $145.9cm^2$, ${\Delta}$ change : $-9.9cm^2$, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in lipid profiles or serological measurements between the coffee bean extract group and placebo group. The results of our human study demonstrated that coffee bean extract supplementation for 8 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing abdominal internal fat area as well as hip and waist circumferences.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2008

Objectives Obesity and climacteric symptom are affected by various cultural, social and psychological factors. This study is performed to recognize the relationship between obesity, climacteric symptom, and other social and psychological factors such as self-esteem, depression, eating attitude, stress response and social readjustment rating. Methods SRRS(social readjustment rating scale), SES(self-esteem scale), SRI(stress response inventory), BDI(Beck depression inventory), KEAT-26 (Korean Eating Attitude Test-26) and Kuperman index were given to 43 peri-menopausal women aged 45-55 and BMI ${\geq}23$. They were given written consent and this study is performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. And height, body weight, waist circumference were measured. These variables were treated by correlation and regression analysis for finding effect factors of climacteric symptom. Result BMI and WC were not related to climacteric symptom. There were significant correlation between KEAT-26(r=0.4388, p=0.004), SES (r=-0.4748, p=0.001), SRI(r=0.6941, p<0.001), BDI(r=0.6354, p<0.001) and Kuperman index. In multiple regression, SRI was find to be a prediction factor of Kuperman index.(Kuperman index=19.033+0.7SRI($R^2$=0.490)). Conclusion Climacteric symptom is related to self-esteem, eating attitude, depression and stress response. And the most important prediction factor of climacteric symptom is stress response. So managing of stress response may be essential to treating climacteric syndrome. And it is necessary to study about climacteric symptom with many other effective factors of various peri-menopausal subjects.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

This study was aimed to examine nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and eating habits of elementary school students and to examine if their characteristics differ by gender. Subjects were 5th and 6th graders of an elementary school (n = 317) in Seoul, and the survey was done during July 2007. Mean height, weight, BMI of subjects was 148.1 cm. 41.7 kg, 19.0, and 14.3% of subjects were categorized as the overweight/obese group. Anthropometric data were not significantly different by gender. Mean score of nutrition knowledge was 14.9 out of 20 showing moderate knowledge levels, and girls scored higher on nutrition knowledge than boys (p < 0.05). Subjects showed knowledge deficit in areas such as nutrients, food groups and specific weight control information. The percentages of correct answers regarding meals for brain function were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). They got nutrition information mainly from mass media and family/relatives. The mean score of dietary attitudes was 41.2 (possible score: 10-50) indicating somewhat positive attitudes, and the score of eating behaviors was 34.8 (possible score: 15-45). Subjects showed problems in eating habits such as having unbalanced diets and snack foods. 82.6% of subjects had unbalanced meals, and these percentages were higher in girls (87.2%) than in boys (78.1%, p < 0.05). Vegetables and fish/shellfish were the most disliked foods. Specific eating behaviors, such as eating slowly, eating grains and having processed foods less frequently, were better in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). Results also showed that majority of subjects need to improve specific behaviors including having diverse foods, eating meals slowly, having meals at regular times, having adequate foods in each food groups, and eating sweets or salty foods less frequently. Only 52.7% of subjects perceived their body images as normal, and 56.4% had experience of weight control. Reasons for weight control were different by gender (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, nutrition education for school children should focus on modifying eating habits or eating behaviors, by suggesting practically applicable methods and providing nutrition information that is interesting and suitable to school-aged children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2019

This study was conducted to provide basic data for prevention of osteoporosis by examining the factors affecting bone mineral density in pregnant mothers. This investigation was a descriptive research study that analyzed a total of 137 medical records. Differences in T-score between general and obstetric characteristics were assessed by independent t-tests and one way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The mean age of the subjects was 32.4 years and the mean T-score was 0.34. The BMI measured at 4 weeks after delivery was significantly higher in the underweight group than in the normal group and the overweight group (F=11.935, p<.001). The BMD was significantly higher in subjects with sufficient vitamin D than in subjects with insufficient vitamin D, in subjects with insufficient vitamin D than in subjects with deficiency vitamin D (F=4.906, P=0.009). BMD was significantly higher in cases without experience of abortion than those with more than one experience of abortion (t=4.264, p<.001), and the normal delivery was significantly higher than that of cesarean section (t= 2.019, p=.046). Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to actively prevent the factors affecting BMD during pregnancy and delivery. The findings presented herein can be used as basic data for the management of osteoporosis.