• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the anthropometric characteristics of US women 26 to 45 years of age to classify their body shapes into different categories. Research data was obtained from 2950 women 26 to 45 years of age who participated in the SizeUSA study. A 26 to 35 years of age group and a 36 to 45 years of age group were selected from the data pool. A total of 26 measurements important for body shape classification and for apparel product development was used for the data analysis. Five factors accounted for the US women's body measurements. The body shapes of women were categorized into 4 types: Obese A-Shape, Overweight Y-Shape, Obese H-Shape, and Normal S-Shape. Normal S-Shape was the most common body shape type. More women in the 26 to 35 years of age group had Normal S-Shape type than women in the 36 to 45 years of age group. More women in the 36 to 45 years of age group had Obese A-Shape, Overweight Y-Shape, and Obese H-Shape than women in the 26 to 35 years of age group. Younger US women, 26 to 35 years of age had slimmer body sizes with more balanced body shapes; however, older US women, 36 to 45 years of age had larger body sizes with more various body shapes.

• Korean journal of health promotion
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2018

Background: Strategically improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) should be discussed among overweight middle-aged women who are vulnerable to low HRQOL. We examined firstly if overweight middle-aged women would have significantly lower levels of HRQOL and health-promoting behaviors than normal-weight middle-aged women, and to examine secondly if health-promoting behaviors would be significantly associated with generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs within the overweight middle-aged women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, comparative study. Participants were 119 women aged 30-49 years who were recruited from a community in Seoul, South Korea; 63 women for the overweight group who were recruited from a baseline sample of the Community-Based Heart and Weight Management Trial, while 56 for the normal-weight group who were recruited separetely. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) of a generic HRQOL measure, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) of an obesity-specific HRQOL measure were used. Results: Compared to the normal-weight group, the overweight group showed significantly lower scores of total WHOQOL-BREF as well as some HPLP II subscales including stress management (P=0.029). Among the HPLP II subscales, stress management was significantly and positively associated with total WHOQOL-BREF (${\beta}=1.58$, P=0.003) and self-esteem IWQOL-Lite (${\beta}=11.58$, P=0.034) among the overweight group. Conclusions: Among middle-aged overweight women, low levels of health-promoting behavior for stress management were shown, which should be strategically increased for improving their generic and obesity-specific HRQOLs.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.342-349
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the information concerning dietary patterns in middle school students. The subjects of this study were 420(underweight 140, normalweight 140, overweight 140) middle school students. We investigated eating habits, life habits, food attitude. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed with the SAS program(Version 8.1). The results of investigation are summarized and concluded as follows ; The average BMI of underweight was 18.3kg/$m^2$ , normalweight was 22.2kg/$m^2$ , overweight was 26.6kg/$m^2$ . In the case of eating habit, the overweight group shows that low frequency of meal and high of skipping meal than the others group. Also in Life habit, the overweight group shows longer of watching TV and using computer. The score of food attitude was also high in over weight group. This study can´t represent the whole middle school students in Seoul. So the survey for the whole students should be followed. We can expect to offer basic data for effective nutrition education by studying.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake, and the relationship between BMI and plasma lipid levels in Korean adults. This study was conducted from January 1 to December 31 of 1997. It consisted of 3781 subjects (men 2402, women : 1379) with the majority between the ages of 40 and 59. The dietary assessment was based upon a twenty-four-hour food record. Subjects were classified into one of four reference BMI groups : underweight ($\leq 20 kg/m^2$), normal (20.1-25.0 kg/$m^2$), overweight (25.1-30.0 kg/$m^2$), and obese (>30 kg/$m^2$). The biochemical assessment included measurements of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein (a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The BMI study showed that 60.5% of the men measured were normal and 32.6% of the men were overweight and/or obese subjects. Sixty-four percent of the women were normal and 20.3% of the women measured were overweight and/o. obese subjects. With respect to the daily energy intake of the men and women subjects, the levels of daily energy intake appeared to increase as values of BMI increased. Men of the overweight group had significantly higher protein, fat and cholesterol intake than those of the normal or the underweight groups. The alcohol intake of the men in the overweight group was also significantly higher than that of the men in the underweight group. With respect to percent energy intake of macronutrients, there was no significant difference between the four BMI groups and percent energy intake for all the subjects in the study. The ratio of percent energy intake of carbohydrates : protein : fat : alcohol of the normal women group was 62 : 17 : 20 : 1, respectively. Women apparently had a higher intake of carbohydrates than men (52 : 17 : 19 : 10). With respect to the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C, the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C and TC appeared to increase as the values of BMI increased, while the level of HDL-C appeared to decrease as values of BMI increased. Levels of lipoprotein (a) appeared to be inversely related to the values of BMI, and levels of PAI-1 appeared to increase as values of BMI increased. The results of this study demonstrate that there is a relationship between dietary intake and BMI, and that there is a relationship between BMI and blood lipids levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.10
• /
• pp.899-907
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits and nutritional intake according to body mass index (BMI) of female college students. The subjects were 1361 students with a mean age of 20.4 years residing in Seoul and Kyonggui area. BMI (kg/) between $\geq$ 18.5 to $\leq$ 23 was considered as nonnal, < 18.5 as underweight and > 23 as overweight. The subjects had a mean BMI of 20.0 kg/$m^2$ and 25% of them were classified as underweight group, 67% as normal group and 8% as overweight group. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency method and consumption of foods and nutrients was analyzed. Frequency of meal skipping was higher in the overweight group, 16.1 % of the overweight group skipped dinner. Also, the frequency of snack intake was lowest in the overweight group. The overweight group consumed less meat and fish than the normal and underweight groups. The total number of foods consumed in a day was also significantly lower than that of the underweight and normal group. The overweight group consumed less energy, protein, fat, phosphorus and niacin than the underweight and normal groups. The overweight group took iron and sodium intake lower than the normal group. Mean intakes of nutrients except clacium and iron in all three groups were over Korea RDA. The NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) value of all nutrients, except calcium, was lower in the overweight group when compared to the normal and underweight groups, and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) of the overweight group was 0.89, which was lower than 0.92 of the underweight and 0.93 of the normal group. The above results indicated that the deficiency of major nutrients such as calcium and iron could be inducde by less kinds of consumed foods and frequent meal skipping including dinner in the overweighted group. Therefore, balanced nutrient intake is required to maintain skeletal health and prevent anemia in overweighted female college students aged twenties.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between daily beverage intake and obesity in young adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 256 adults in their 20s and 30s. Obesity was evaluated by anthropometric measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio. In addition, the daily intake of milk, caffeinated beverages, sweetened beverages, and alcoholic beverages was investigated using the dietary record and 24-h recall methods. Based on the BMI, men and women were classified into underweight, normal, overweight and obese. Among men, 38.3% were found to be normal, 28.1% were overweight and 31.3% obese. Among women, 11.7% were underweight, 73.4% were normal, and 10.2% were overweight, which was significantly different from men. In women, the BMI of the milk consumers was significantly lower than the non-consumers. Also, the obesity indices of caffeinated beverage consumers were significantly lower than the non-consumers. An analysis of the correlation between beverage intake and the obesity index showed that the intake of caffeinated beverages among women had a significant negative correlation with the obesity index, and intake of alcoholic beverages had a significant positive correlation with waist to height ratio. This study suggests that intake of milk and caffeinated beverage may have a positive effect on obesity, whereas the intake of alcoholic beverages may have a negative effect, especially in young adult women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.1481-1497
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between serum lipid profiles, apolipoprotein E phenotype, and dietary patterns in a cross-section of healthy individuals from Cheju-Do. Age, gender, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, dietary consumption, drinking / smoking habits and menopausal status were surveyed. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were measured from overnight fasting blood. The study involved a total of 286 individuals(147 men and 139 women) between the ages of 20 and 60 years old. All of the subjects were recruited from a population of healthy individuals living in Cheju-Do. The results of the study are as follows : 1) Among the males, those in their 20's had the maximum food intake, while those in their 40's had the minimum food intake. For the females, food intake was the highest for those in their 30's. Energy and nutrient intakes were directly proportional to the amount of food intake. Men in their 30's were heavier than other men and women in their 40's were heavier than other women. The activity index for men in their 20's and 30's appeared to be lower than that of men above 40. The activity index of women in their 20's appeared to be lowest among all aged groups, and the index appeared to increase from the age of 30 onwards. 2) In terms of changes In serum constituents with age, men in their 40's appeared to have the highest levels of serum constituents such as lipids, glucose, and insulin. Men in their 50's showed the highest levels of serum LDL-cholesterol and glucose. Men in their 30's showed peak levels of serum triglycerides. On the other hand, women in their 50's appeared to have peak levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. There was no ch:ange with age in HDL-cholesterol and insulin levels for men and women. The percentage of the subjects had the following apo E phenotypes : E3/3, 91.3% ; E3/2, 5.4% ; E4/3, 2.5% ; E4/2, 0.7%. Lee's reserch with Korean female college students showed that the percentage of ApoE3/3, E3/2, E 4/2, E4/3, and E4/4 were 84.8%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 0.9%, 0.9%, respectively. The number of samples with ApoE mutation was so small that there was no statistical significance in the relation between apolipoprotein E phenotype and se겨m lipids. 3) To investigate the relati onship between weight and serum constituents, the subjects of this study were divided into three groups by BMI underweight, normal weight, and overweight. The serum constituents of men and women below the age 40 in the overweight groups belonged to the normal domain. On the other hand, serum cholesterol levels of both men and women above the age 40 in the overweight groups remained in the borderline-high region(above 200mg/dl), and the mean value of LDL-cholesterol(above 130mg/dl) and triglycerides of men were above normal. Fasting blood glucose levels also remained in the borderline-high region. Total cholesterol levels of women above the age 40 in the overweight group was in the borderline-high region. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1481-1497, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of knee joint muscle fatigue and overweight on the angular displacement and moments of the lower limb joints during landing. Written informed consent forms, which were approved by the human subject research and review committee at Dong-A University, were provided to all subjects. The subjects who participated in this study were divided into 2 groups: a normal weight group and an overweight group, consisting of 15 young women each. The knee joint muscle fatigue during landing was found to increase the dynamic stability by minimizing the movements of the coronal and horizontal planes and maintaining a more neutral position to protect the knee. The effect of body weight during landing was better in the normal weight group than in the overweight group, with the lower limbs performing their shock-absorbing function in an efficient manner through increased sagittal movement. Therefore, accumulated fatigue of knee joint muscles or overweight may be highly correlated with the increase in the incidence of injury during landing after jumping, descending stairs, and downhill walking.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the degree of adherence to the Korean Dietary Action Guides for Children (KDAGC). In a cross-sectional study based on a child care center-based survey in Seoul, Korea, we collected parental-reported questionnaires (n = 2,038) on children's weight and height, frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, and the quality of dietary and activity behaviors based on the 2009 KDAGC Adherence Index (KDAGCAI) which was developed as a composite measure of adherence to the KDAGC. Overweight and obesity were determined according to age- and sex-specific BMI percentile from the 2007 Korean national growth chart. Associations were assessed with generalized linear models and polytomous logistic regression models. Approximately 17.6% of Korean preschool children were classified as overweight or obese. Obese preschoolers had lower adherence to the KDAGCAI compared to those with lean/normal weight. Preschoolers with a high quality of dietary and activity behaviors had a 51% decreased odds ratio (OR) of being obese (highest vs. lowest tertile of KDAGCAI-score, 95% CI 0.31, 0.78; P = 0.001); the associations were more pronounced among those who were older (P = 0.048) and lived in lower income households (P = 0.014). A greater frequency of vegetable consumption, but not fruit, was associated with a borderline significant reduction in the prevalence of obesity. Our findings support the association between obesity prevention and high compliance with the Korean national dietary and activity guideline among preschool children.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2022

Objectives: To investigate the weight loss effect of Gambi-tang in obese and overweight adults. Methods: From September 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021, a retrospective chart analysis was conducted on adult men and women who were prescribed Gambi-tang to address obesity and overweight in the National Medical Center (NMC). Partial analysis by age, obesity (Body Mass Index, BMI), duration of dose, and cumulative dose was also conducted. Results: The weight and BMI of the study subjects showed a significant decrease of more than 5% on average before and after treatment. In an analysis of age, significant differences by age could not be confirmed. In the analysis by obesity level, the effect of reducing weight, body fat, and abdominal fat rates in the obese and highly obese groups was greater than in the normal and overweight groups. There was no significant difference by group in the analysis by dosage period. In the analysis by cumulative dose, the greater the cumulative dose up to 1,800 g, the greater the decrease in weight and body fat. The side effect that patients appealed to the most was misjudgment, but not to a serious extent. Conclusions: Gambi-tang has been shown to be effective in weight and body fat loss for both obese and overweight adult men and women.