• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1998

Apodemus agrarius Pallas has been known to be a reservoir of hanta virus. But there was no report of immune organs. So this study was performed to clarify the relation between Structure and function of immune organ. In the present investigation an immunocytochemistry procedure was used to examine the distribution of T and B cell and macrophage populations in the thymus spleen and lymph nodes. Most of lymphoid organ showed decreased pattern of Ly1 positive T and IgM positive B cells. Macrophage positive cells were deceased in vivo. The present study gives an overview on the immune organ structure and function of Apodemus agrarius Pallas.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.94-111
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• 2008

전통적으로 슬관절 질병은 주로 방사선 촬영과 자기 공명 영상에 근거하여 진단과 치료를 하고 있다. 그러나 방사선 진단은 골 내부의 변화에는 좋은 영상을 가져다 주지만 연부 조직의 영상은 잘 볼 수 없는 단점이 있고 외래 진료실에서 실시간으로 할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 또 자기 공명 영상은 고가이고 역시 실시간으로 볼 수 없으며 정적인 정보만 제공한다. 초음파는 동적인 영상을 실시간으로 외래 진료실에서 즉시 볼 수 있고 비용이 저렴하며 동적 영상을 제공하고 연조직 영상을 잘 보여준다. 슬관절에서는 연조직 및 골 표면의 변화까지 관찰이 가능하므로 진단에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 글에서는 정상적인 구조물의 초음파 영상과 병적 소견을 방사선 또는 자기 공명 영상 소견과 연계하여 소개하고 그 용도의 개략적인 것들을 설명하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

The primary purpose of this review is to present an overview of relationship between human spontaneous eyeblinking and internal cognitive processes. The second purpose is to address the neural substrates of human eyeblinking based on recent studies focusing on the central dopaminergic system and to explore the significance of spontaneous eyeblinks in neuropsychiatric disorders. We reviewed recent and previous studies on eyeblink patterns under various cognitive tasks. We also reviewed neural substrates of eyeblinking, particularly based on the central dopaminergic system. This paper suggests that spontaneous eyeblinks are highly correlated with various cognitive processes and the activity of central dopaminergic system. Various neuropsychiatric disorders are related to the alteration of the occurrence of eyeblinking. Spontaneous eyeblinking is the unique human behavior that occurs regularly without conscious effort. It is known that the rate of eyeblinking is modulated by internal cognitive processes and dopamine-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Further research is required to how the temporal dynamics of spontaneous eyeblinking is correlated with the disease activity and progression.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.709-719
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• 1994

The aim of this investigation was to identify which suing is more suitable for uprighting of the 30 degree inclined lower second molar in different situations. Between four different molar uprighting springs which were A, B, C type and T-loop spring, the author tested T-loop suing as a control material and the other springs were experimental group. Each spring was fabricated from .017' $\times$ .025' TMA wire and preactivated with 40 degree tip-back bend. Stabilizing unit included from the lower right central incisor to the lower right second premolar which were made by acrylic resin. The photoelastic overview of the lower right quadrant showed that stress concentrations were observed in its photoelastic model. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Higher concentration of compression can be seen clearly at the distal curvature than the mesial of the lower second molar when A type uprighting spring was applied, which can be used as a space regainer. 2. Higher level compression was presented at the mesial root apex area than the distal of the lower second molar in B type uprighting spring, which can be used as a space closer. 3. Areas of higher compression and tension were observed about the mesial and distal root of the lower second moalr than A and B type in C type uprighting spring, which can be used as a partial space regainer.

• 신경정신의학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2018

Despite the fact that pharmacotherapy depressive disorders have proven efficacy, a substantial number of patients are resistant to conventional management. As neuroscientific research about pathophysiology of depression have accumulated, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have emerged as an important mechanism-based treatment modality. This overview provides a review of therapeutic application of rTMS and tDCS in patients with depression. The clinical and basic studies of rTMS and tDCS in depression were reviewed and integrated using a literature review and interview with experts. rTMS is a noninvasive procedure of a localized pulsed magnetic field to the surface of the head to cause a depolarization of neurons in the brain cortex. tDCS has a mechanism of modulating cortical excitability in a polarity-specific manner without eliciting action potentials. rTMS and tDCS seem promising for treating depression. Although therapeutic parameters and further technical improvement remain to be systematically investigated, rTMS and tDCS would be a safe and effective intervention to treat depression.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권5호
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• pp.979-990
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• 2022

담도폐쇄증은 간외 담도의 진행성, 특발성, 섬유 폐쇄성 염증질환으로 신생아기에 담도 폐쇄가 나타나고 소아 간이식의 가장 흔한 적응증이다. 조기에 치료하지 않으면 간경화가 진행되어 2세 이전에 사망하게 된다. 오늘날 Kasai portoenterostomy와 간이식 수술기법의 발달로 담도폐쇄증 환자의 90% 이상이 성인기까지 생존한다. 따라서 Kasai portoenterostomy의 성공 가능성은 시간이 지날수록 줄어들기 때문에 조기 진단이 매우 중요하다. 이 고찰은 담도폐쇄증의 원인, 분류, 유병률, 임상양상, 치료와 예후를 최신 지견을 중심으로 종합적으로 검토하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2013

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent, primarily due to limited sun exposure, which may be observed in urban areas, or as a result of modern lifestyles. Common myths about vitamin D persist, including that it is mostly obtained from the diet and is only essential for bone and mineral homeostasis. Nonetheless, advances in biomedical science suggest that vitamin D is a hormone that is integral to numerous physiologic functions in most cells and tissues. Therefore, abnormal vitamin D levels may contribute to health disturbances. A number of recent reports on potential associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease have highlighted its role in this system. A focus over the previous decade has been to better understand the mechanisms behind vitamin D regulation and the pathophysiology associated with suboptimal vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is highly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, even when considering other well-known risk factors. In this process, the renin-angiotensin system is disrupted, and hypertension and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Likewise, clinical outcomes upon the normalization of vitamin D levels have been investigated in different patient populations. It makes sense that vitamin D supplementation to improve vitamin D status among vitamin D-deficient individuals could be useful without requiring a sudden lifestyle change. This manuscript provides a brief overview of vitamin D metabolism and the vitamin D receptor. It also summarizes the current clinical research relating to vitamin D supplementation and its effects on hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular medicine.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.565-585
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• 2023

항문주위 샛길은 일반 인구에서 매우 흔하고 항문관 주변 부위에 영향을 미치는 염증성 질환이다. 대부분 양성이지만 심각한 이환율을 유발하고 재발 위험이 높아 외과적 치료가 필요하다. 자기공명(MR) 영상은 항문관의 해부학적 구조, 항문조임근 복합체와의 관계, 2차 경로 또는 농양의 정확한 식별에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공하고 관련 합병증을 보고하는 항문주위 샛길 평가를 위한 최적 표준 기술로 간주된다. MR 영상은 또한 치료 효과를 모니터링하고 치료 방법을 결정하기 위한 정확한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 크론병 관련 샛길은 종종 질병을 완화하기 위해 외과적 치료보다는 내과적 치료가 필요하다. 영상의학과 의사는 샛길의 해부학적 구조와 MR 영상 소견을 알아야 하고 임상의사에게 정확한 진단을 제시할 수 있어야 한다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2007

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an indispensable tool for diagnosis of epilepsy and is the only assisting barometer of complete remission of epilepsy, which means prolonged, persistent suppression of cortical excitement in epileptic focus in addition to the clinical control of epileptic seizure. The specific morphologies or distribution of epileptic form discharges give us good information for the classification of seizure or epilepsy and epileptic syndromes, which consists of "Pros." in terms of diagnostic approach. In contrast, the EEG as a tool for long-term follow up might be limited due to the various clinical situation of each patient, which consists of "Cons." in terms of the usefulness of EEG for clinical decision. "Cons." aspect of EEG, which clinicians are more frequently coped with than those of "Pros", is an obstacle of utilization of follow up EEG in clinical practice. This is an overview about controversies in usefulness of EEG and the detailed aspects of "Pros." and "Cons." of EEG for clinical decision will be discussed following two articles. We tried to make consensus for the usefulness of EEG especially in the situation of "Cons." with plausible guideline.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2017

The canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) constitute a series of nonselective cation channels with variable degrees of $Ca^{2+}$ selectivity. TRPCs consist of seven mammalian members, TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6, and TRPC7, which are further divided into four subtypes, TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC4/5, and TRPC3/6/7. These channels take charge of various essential cell functions such as contraction, relaxation, proliferation, and dysfunction. This review, organized into seven main sections, will provide an overview of current knowledge about the underlying pathogenesis of TRPCs in cardio/cerebro-vascular diseases, including hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and cerebrovascular ischemia reperfusion injury. Collectively, TRPCs could become a group of drug targets with important physiological functions for the therapy of human cardio/cerebro-vascular diseases.