• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1639-1644
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• 2015

볼밸브용 볼의 로봇 육성용접시스템에서 포지셔너의 설계 및 구조강도 해석에 관한 연구를 하였다. 포지셔너의 일부분인 터닝 유닛을 모델링하였고, 보로 가정하여 해석을 진행하였다. 볼의 무게가 $9,000kg_f$ 일 때 터닝 유닛에 가해지는 응력이 366.85MPa로 나왔다. 이 값은 재료의 항복강도보다 높은 값이다. 앞의 결과를 토대로 터닝 유닛을 수정하여 모델링을 하였다. 수정된 모델링으로 해석한 결과, 응력의 값은 296.11MPa로 확인되었다. 이 값은 재료의 항복강도보다 낮은 수치이며, 볼의 무게를 버티는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a Half Nozzle Repair(HNR) process to prevent the leakage from welds on small bore piping in Reactor Coolant System. The Codes & Standards of tempered bead and design requirements of J-Groove welds are reviewed. Automatic machine GTAW welding and machining equipments are developed to perform HNR process. Single pass welding and overlay welding equipments are conducted in order to obtain the optimal temper bead welding process parameters with Alloy 52M filler wire. Coarse grain heat affected zone(CGHAZ) is formed by rapid cooling rate in heat affected zone after welding. Accordingly, a proper temper bead technique is required to reduce CGHAZ in 1-Layer of welds by 2- and 3-Layers. Mock-up tests show that the developed HNR process is possible to meet ASME Code & Standard requirements without any defect.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.114-116
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• 2005

There are some problems when weld gray cast iron which is used well in automobile industry with auto MIG welding. the problems are followed like this 1) Occurrence of porosity and hardening organization. 2) Occurrence of crack due to lower elongation of gray cast iron when restraint stress works on. 3) Occurrence of porosity and unstable bead shape due to unstable arc under low current MIG welding.. especially there is a restraint on chemical composition of weld metal because the weldment demands more than 570Hv hardness. so it is hard to use Fe-Ni wire to prevent cracks occured on weldment and new welding method is needed to resolve that problems. This study shows how to prevent porosity and cracks occurring when weld gray cast iron trimming die and shows a new welding method for press die of gray cast iron

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2018

액체침투탐상법(PT)을 이용한 직경 1 m, 길이 6 m의 초장대형 파이프내면 육성용접부의 표면결함 진단시스템을 개발하였다. 우선 CATIA를 사용하여 주요 유닛 및 PT machine 전체를 3D 모델링하였으며, 이를 구조강도 및 변형 해석에 사용하였고 또한 각 유닛의 동작 간섭현상을 체크하여 2차원 제작도면 생성으로 제작에도 사용하였다. ANSYS를 사용하여 구조강도 해석 및 변형 해석한 결과, 최대 등가응력은 44.901 MPa 발생하였고, 이는 PT machine의 재질인 SS400의 항복인장강도 200 MPa 보다 작으므로 안전하다고 판단되며, 또한 최대 변형은 0.15 mm 발생하였고, 이는 하중이 제거되면 원래대로 돌아간다고 판단된다. 개발된 장비의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 공작물의 최대이동속도 7.2 m/min., 최대회전속도 9 rpm, 반복위치정밀도 1.2 mm, 검사속도 $1.65m^2/min$. 등을 확인하였으며, 이 모든 검사 항목은 개발 목표치를 만족하였다. ASME SEC. V&VIII의 방법에 따라 육성용접층의 균열, 기공, 인더컷 등의 표면결함 유무를 확인하기 위하여 개발한 PT 자동검사시스템을 사용하여 PT검사를 실시한 결과, 표면층의 결함은 관찰되지 않았다. 부가적으로 육성용접부를 평가하기 위하여 ASTM G48-11의 방법으로 Ferric Chloride pitting test에 따라 육성용접층의 부식시험을 실시한 결과 weight loss는 $0.3g/m^2$으로 만족하였으며, 또한 ASTM A751-14의 방법에 따라 육성용접층의 화학성분을 분석 결과 모든 성분이 규격을 만족하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.94-100
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• 2002

During the last years, great progress has been made in the fields of welding power sources and filler materials for the MIG-welding of magnesium alloys. This advice resulted in a better welding process, md, therefore, in highly improved welding results. Furthermore the gap between short-circuiting- and spray-arc-trunsfer could be closed by the triggered short-circuiting- and the short-circuiting-arc with pulse overlay. A crucial contribution to the welding process is the energy input into the filler material. Many problems result from the physical properties of magnesium, for instance its narrow interval between melting point 600$^{\circ}C$ and vaporization point 1100$^{\circ}C$. The energy input into the filler material has to be regulated in such a way that the wire will melt but not vaporize. For th is reason, special characteristics of power sources hue been examined and optimized with the help of high-speed-photographs of the welding process with particular consideration of the drop detachment. An important improvement of the weld seam profile has been achieved by using filler material of only 1.2 mm in diameter. The experiments hue been made with 2.5 mm thick extruded profiles of AZ31 and AZ6l. The results of tensile testing showed strength values of 80 to 100% of the base metal. B ending angles up to 60$^{\circ}$ have been reached. The fatigue strength under reversed bending of the examined magnesium alloys after welding reaches 50% of the strength of the base metal. When the seam reinforcement is ground of the fatigue strength can be raised up to 75% of the base metal.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2020

Many components in the assembly section of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor are made of good corrosionresistant 316 LN Stainless Steel material. To avoid self-welding of the components with the coolant sodium at elevated temperature, hardfacing is inevitable. Ni-based colmonoy-5 is used for hardfacing due to its lower dose rate by Plasma Transferred Arc process due to its low dilution. Since Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy becomes very fluidic while depositing, the major height of the weld overlay rests inside the groove. Hardfacing is also done over the plain surface where grooving is not possible. Therefore, grooved and ungrooved hardfaced specimens were prepared at different travel speeds. Fe content at every 100 ㎛ of the weld overlay was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and also the micro hardness was determined at those locations. A correlation between iron dilution from the base metal and the micro hardness was established. Therefore, if the Fe content of the weld overlay is known, the hardness at that location can be obtained using the correlation and vice-versa. A new correlation between micro hardness and dilution coefficient is obtained at different locations. A comparative study between those specimens is carried out to recommend the optimum travel speed for lower dilution.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.534-537
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• 2008

In recent years, the dissimilar metal, Alloy 82/182 welds used to connect stainless steel piping and low alloy steel or carbon steel components in nuclear reactor piping system have experienced cracking due to primary water stress corrosion(PWSCC). It is well known that one reason of the cracking is the residual stress by the weld. But, it is difficult to estimate exactly weld residual stress due to many parameters of welding. In this paper, the analysis of 3 FEM models made by ABAQUS Code is performed to estimate exactly the weld residual stress on the dissimilar metal weld. 3 FEM models are Butt model, Repair model and Overlay model and are the plane.strain 2D model. The thermal analysis and the stress analysis are performed on each model and the residual stresses on each model were calculated and compared respectively. Also, the specimen of Butt model was made and the residual stresses were measured by X-Ray method and Hole Drilling Technique. These results were compared with the FEM result of Butt model.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2009

Alloy 82/182로 용접된 원자력 발전소 주기기의 이종 금속 용접부는 장기간 운전 후 응력부식균열(SCC : Stress Corrosion Cracking)에 의한 결함이 나타나게 된다. 2000년대 이후로 원자력 주기기 Alloy 82/182 용접부에서 PWSCC(Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking)에 의한 Degradation이 급격히 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 국내에서도 이와 관련하여 원자력 발전소의 안전성에 대한 Issue 및 대비책에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 이러한 Alloy 600 용접부에 대한 결함을 예방하기 위한 대표적인 기술로써 수명연장 오버레이 기술이 있다. 원자력 주기기 노즐부는 저탄소강으로 제작되어 있으며, 저탄소강에는 제작 시 용접후열처리가 적용된다. 후열처리를 하는 주된 이유는 Tempering을 통해 열영향부의 인성 및 연성의 회복과 강도를 감소시켜 모재와 동등 또는 이 이상의 물성을 갖도록 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 그러나 수명연장 오버레이의 경우 현장 작업 시에 후열처리가 어렵기 때문에, 이를 대체하기 위한 기술로 템퍼비드 용접을 적용할 경우 후열처리를 면제해 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수명연장 오버레이 기술 개발의 일환으로써 저 탄소강에 대한 템퍼비드 용접 기술을 확립하였다. 실험에 사용된 모재는 원자력 주기기의 노즐에 사용되는 SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1을 사용하였으며, 용가재는 Alloy 52 및 52M을 사용하였다. 최적 조건 도출을 위해서 실험 매트릭스를 이용하여 기본 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험에는 자동 GTAW 용접을 적용하였다. 기본 실험을 통해 얻은 최적 조건을 사용하여 PQ 시험을 수행하여 WPS를 확보하였다. 분석은 용접 후 조직 및 경도 시험, 물리시험(인장시험, 굽힘시험 및 충격시험)을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.4-17
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• 1984

Overlaid weld metals of austenitic stainless steel in a pressure vessel of power reactor are usually post-weld heated for a long period of time after welding. The PWHT is considered as a kind of sensitizing and it is important to check the soundness of the weld metal after PWHT, especially about the precipitation of carbides. The purpose of this report is to obtain information on the relation between the change of microstructure and Post-Weld Heat Treatment in the overlaid weld metals. Metallurgical aspects of the problem on austenitic stainless steel heated at $625^{\circ}C$, $670^{\circ}C$, $720^{\circ}C$ and $760^{\circ}C$ for 3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 hours have been investigated by means of optical-micrography, micro-hardness measurement, scanning electron microscope and electron-probe micro analysis. From the results obtained, the following conclusions are drawn; 1) The PWHT above $625^{\circ}C$ for a long time causes a diffusion of carbon atoms from low alloy steel into stainless steel, and consequently carbon is highly concentrated at the boundary layer of stainless steel. 2) C in ferritic steel migrated to austenitic steel and carbides precipitated in austenitic steel along fusion line. At higher temperatures, the ferrite grains coarsened in the decarburized zone. 3) In the change of microstructure of stainless steel overlaid weld metal, the width of carbides precipitated zone and decarburized zone increased with increase of PWHT temperature and time. 4) At about $625^{\circ}C$ to $760^{\circ}C$, chromium carbides, mainly $M_{23} C_6$, precipitate very closely in the carburized layer with remarkable hardening. 5) Precipitation of delta ferrite from molten weld metal depends on solidification phenomenon. There was a small of ferrite near the bond in which the local solidification time was short, comparing with after parts of weld metal. Shape and amount of ferrite were not changed by Post-Weld Heat Treatment after solidification.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2000

It was attempted to improve the wear resistance of Al alloy under the load condition by making a formation of the thick surface hardening alloy layers. The thick surface hardening alloy layers were formed on 6061 Al alloys overlayed by MIG welding process with WC-12%Co powder addition. Effects of the dispersion of WE-12%Co powders on hardness and wear characteristics of alloys were investigated. The following results were obtained. Most of WE-12%Co powders are dispersed nearly uniform as unmelted particles in the matrix alloy. A part of WC-12%Co powders are melted in the molten pool, and during solidification {TEX}$Al_{9}Co_{2}${/TEX} appeared. With increasing addition of WC-12%Co powders, the hardness and specific wear resistance of the overlay weld alloys increased and reached Hv450 at WC-12%Co powder addition rate of 54g/min. It is considered that excellent wear resistance of the overlayed alloys was due to dispersed WC-12%Co powders and increased 10 times at WC-12%Co powder addition rate of 54 g/min than that of the WC-free overlaying layers.