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Classification of Landscape Type on Land and Evaluation of Site-suitability Based on It (토지의 경관유형분류와 이에 기초한 입지타당성 평가)

  • Ra, Jung-Hwa;Ku, Ji-Na;Lee, Hyun-Taek;Cho, Hyun-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.57-75
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to find ways of evaluating the suitability of sites being considered for development of different types of parks in the vicinity of yangmock-myun kyoung buk, where a large project(as large as about14.0$km^2$) has been planned. The results are as follows. Three surveys for selecting the assessment indicators were performed. ${\cdot}$ The first survey analyzed the importance of 23 selected assessment indicators based on a review of existing literature review and an on-the-spot research. ${\cdot}$ The second survey selected assessment indicators for each park type. ${\cdot}$ The third survey computed additive values of selected assessment indicators by the park types. It used a method of standardizing the average importance of indicators by making their sum equal to 10. These additive values were then multiplied by each grade of indicators to make a final evaluation. An evaluation of the site-suitability of park types was performed twice. The purpose of the first evaluation was to figure out how much each type met the minimum requirements targeted for all landscape types. The minimum requirements were derived by using a relative comparison between the standard of value rating of the assessment indicators, which was over the medium magnitude on the importance analysis, and the result of field research. A second evaluation estimated the targeted sites that met the minimum requirements. Value ratings of second assessment indicators were quantitatively divided as 1 to 3 grade and the evaluation scores were added, giving an additive value for each assessment indicator. The evaluation score on each park type was rated on a scale of 1 to 3 according to their averages, (from lowest to highest). Since this evaluation model of the site suitability on park types only focused on the 'face' of space in this study, additional analysis is necessary for setting the evaluation model and incorporating the overall impact of space, network connection and other factors, considering 'spot', 'line' and 'face' aspects of space.

Effects of Postharvest 1-MCP Treatment, Storage Method, and Shelf Temperature on Quality Changes of 'Gamhong' Apples during Export Simulation (수확후 1-MCP 처리, 저장 방법 및 현지 유통온도가 모의수출 '감홍' 사과의 품질에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • Park, Youn-Moon;Yoon, Tae-Myung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.725-733
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    • 2012
  • Effects of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, and shelf temperature on quality of 'Gamhong' apples were analyzed during export simulation. Fruits were harvested at the optimum maturity for long-term storage, treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 16 hours, and then stored for 6 months under air and CA conditions at $0^{\circ}C$. Poststorage export procedure was performed by applying additional 2-week refrigerated storage and 7-day shelf-life test at 7 and $20^{\circ}C$, which simulated container shipment and local distribution, respectively. After storage and during export simulation, rates of respiration and ethylene evolution were significantly lower in 1-MCP treated and CA-stored apples. For the reduction of respiration, CA storage was more effective than 1-MCP treatment. Soluble solids content was maintained higher in 1-MCP treated apples, while titratable acidity was maintained better both in the 1-MCP treated and CA-stored apples. Effects of 1-MCP treatment and CA storage were highly significant in maintaining flesh firmness and sensory texture ratings. Additive effects from combined application of 1-MCP treatment and CA storage were occasionally observed. Shelf temperature during the local distribution simulation seemed not to significantly influence quality changes only showing limited effects on flesh firmness. Overall results suggest that storage potential of 'Gamhong' apples is shorter than 4 months in control fruit under refrigerated air conditions, whereas the potential can be extended to longer than 6 months by 1-MCP treatment and CA storage. Postharvest program should be provided considering the time of export, i.e. period of storage, and duration of local distribution.

Social Network Analysis for the Effective Adoption of Recommender Systems (추천시스템의 효과적 도입을 위한 소셜네트워크 분석)

  • Park, Jong-Hak;Cho, Yoon-Ho
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.305-316
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    • 2011
  • Recommender system is the system which, by using automated information filtering technology, recommends products or services to the customers who are likely to be interested in. Those systems are widely used in many different Web retailers such as Amazon.com, Netfix.com, and CDNow.com. Various recommender systems have been developed. Among them, Collaborative Filtering (CF) has been known as the most successful and commonly used approach. CF identifies customers whose tastes are similar to those of a given customer, and recommends items those customers have liked in the past. Numerous CF algorithms have been developed to increase the performance of recommender systems. However, the relative performances of CF algorithms are known to be domain and data dependent. It is very time-consuming and expensive to implement and launce a CF recommender system, and also the system unsuited for the given domain provides customers with poor quality recommendations that make them easily annoyed. Therefore, predicting in advance whether the performance of CF recommender system is acceptable or not is practically important and needed. In this study, we propose a decision making guideline which helps decide whether CF is adoptable for a given application with certain transaction data characteristics. Several previous studies reported that sparsity, gray sheep, cold-start, coverage, and serendipity could affect the performance of CF, but the theoretical and empirical justification of such factors is lacking. Recently there are many studies paying attention to Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a method to analyze social relationships among people. SNA is a method to measure and visualize the linkage structure and status focusing on interaction among objects within communication group. CF analyzes the similarity among previous ratings or purchases of each customer, finds the relationships among the customers who have similarities, and then uses the relationships for recommendations. Thus CF can be modeled as a social network in which customers are nodes and purchase relationships between customers are links. Under the assumption that SNA could facilitate an exploration of the topological properties of the network structure that are implicit in transaction data for CF recommendations, we focus on density, clustering coefficient, and centralization which are ones of the most commonly used measures to capture topological properties of the social network structure. While network density, expressed as a proportion of the maximum possible number of links, captures the density of the whole network, the clustering coefficient captures the degree to which the overall network contains localized pockets of dense connectivity. Centralization reflects the extent to which connections are concentrated in a small number of nodes rather than distributed equally among all nodes. We explore how these SNA measures affect the performance of CF performance and how they interact to each other. Our experiments used sales transaction data from H department store, one of the well?known department stores in Korea. Total 396 data set were sampled to construct various types of social networks. The dependant variable measuring process consists of three steps; analysis of customer similarities, construction of a social network, and analysis of social network patterns. We used UCINET 6.0 for SNA. The experiments conducted the 3-way ANOVA which employs three SNA measures as dependant variables, and the recommendation accuracy measured by F1-measure as an independent variable. The experiments report that 1) each of three SNA measures affects the recommendation accuracy, 2) the density's effect to the performance overrides those of clustering coefficient and centralization (i.e., CF adoption is not a good decision if the density is low), and 3) however though the density is low, the performance of CF is comparatively good when the clustering coefficient is low. We expect that these experiment results help firms decide whether CF recommender system is adoptable for their business domain with certain transaction data characteristics.

Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disease Risk Assessment and User Satisfaction in Accordance With Using Front-Entry Sitting Toilet for Wheelchair Users (휠체어 사용자의 전면진입착석 화장실 사용에 따른 근골격계질환 위험성 및 만족도 평가)

  • Park, Je-Mo;Hwang, Do-Yeon;Kim, Hee-Dong;Chung, Hyun-Ae;Jung, Hwa-Shik
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.73-84
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    • 2018
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to promote R&D of toilet design for the disabled by evaluating the Front-entry sitting toilet applied it to actual wheelchair users to examine the possibility of their application as a toilet that is low physical demanding and high satisfaction. Methods : Forty wheelchair users were asked to demonstrate using Front-entry sitting toilet after collecting the general characteristics and their current wheelchair usage information. Musculoskeletal disease risk assessment and user satisfaction were evaluated throughout Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA), Quebec Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology 2.0(QUEST) and subjective opinion questionnaire. Results : Statistical result showed that REBA scores($3.18{\pm}.38$) of Front-Entry Sitting Toilet were significantly lower(z=-5.930, p<.05) than the conventional toilet($6.53{\pm}1.15$). Overall, user satisfaction ratings were high with detailed scores were high in order of durability($4.48{\pm}.62$), safety($4.38{\pm}.63$), necessity($4.33{\pm}.73$) and universal ($4.6{\pm}.61$). Subjective opinion survey showed most were 'it was convenient to not have to rotate(30.8%).' Conclusion : This study found that Front-entry sitting toilet was highly likely to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and users' satisfactions were high. Through this study, we hope to expand the scope of occupational therapists and contribute to the physical, mental and social health in the daily activities of the people by applying various approaches.

A Study on the Material Characteristics and Weathering Aspects of Sculpture Stone Around the World Cultural Heritage Joseon Dynasty Royal Tombs - Focused on the East Nine Royal Tombs - (세계문화유산 조선왕릉 석조문화재의 재질특성 및 풍화양상 연구 - 구리 동구릉을 중심으로 -)

  • CHO Hajin ;CHAE Seunga ;SONG Jinuk;LEE Myeongseong ;LEE Taejong
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.180-193
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    • 2022
  • The East Nine Royal Tombs is a representative place in the Royal Tombs of Joseon (a World Heritage Site). It consists of 1,289 stone artifacts including 979 related stone structures, 310 stone statues, and objects. Most of the stone structures in the East Nine Royal Tombs are composed of biotite granite, but some tombs are composed of light red granite. As a result of magnetic susceptibility measurement, the average data from Geonwolleung to Mongneung, excluding Hyeolleung, were similar, so it is estimated that stones were obtained from the same quarry. In the case of Sungneung, Sureung, and Gyeongneung, the range of susceptibility measurement is widely distributed. It assumed that the newly produced stones were mixed in the moving and construction process. Also, stones might be gathered from different quarries. As a result of a conservation status investigation, both the mound member and the ridge stone had the highest damage rate due to peeling and granular decomposition according to surface weathering. In the case of surface discoloration, yellowing and soils were found in the burial mound members. Yellowing, blackening, and soil were identified in the ridge stone structures. Bio-degradation is the major factor of deterioration of the East Nine Royal Tombs and the conservation status of the tombs were detected as grades 4 to 5. It seems that it is easy for the environment of the royal tombs to form soil for the microorganisms and fine conditions for continuous moisture. In the case of structures, they are in relatively good condition. As a result of a comprehensive damage rating for each tomb, the overall condition is good, but the Geonwolleung Royal Tomb and Hyeolleung Tomb, which were created in the early period, had relatively high weathering ratings. Stone objects in East Nine Royal Tombs have lost many pieces and gateway members due to surface deterioration. Also, secondary damage is ongoing. Each damage factor of the stone artifacts of the East Nine Royal Tombs combines to cause various and continuous damages. Therefore, it is necessary to establish regular conservation status data of the stone artifacts for efficient management after processing as well as conservation treatment of the royal tombs, and specific management manuals and systems. This study investigated the conservation status of stone structures in the East Nine Royal Tombs, a World Heritage Site, and systematically classified them to provide priority and necessity for conservation processing. We look forward to establishing a plan for the conservation and management of the East Nine Royal Tombs with this database in the future.