• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was to identify the effect of cognitive reaction following inactive electrode placement when applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex. Methods : For this study a total of 28 stroke patients participated. Before applying transcranial direct current stimulation, cognitive reaction was measured (P300 of event related potential, cognitive reaction time), and subjects were randomly assigned to two group. Transcranial direct current stimulation was applied to the scalp with an intensity of $0.04mA/cm^2$ for 15 minutes. All subjects were given an anode transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor area and inactive electrodes over the deltoid muscle (group I) and supra-orbital area (group II). Cognitive reactions were measured after applying transcranial direct current stimulation. Results : For this study a total of 28 stroke patients participated. Before applying transcranial direct current stimulation, cognitive reaction was measured (P300 of event related potential, cognitive reaction time), and subjects were randomly assigned to two group. Transcranial direct current stimulation was applied to the scalp with an intensity of $0.04mA/cm^2$ for 15 minutes. All subjects were given an anode transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor area and inactive electrodes over the deltoid muscle (group I) and supra-orbital area (group II). Cognitive reactions were measured after applying transcranial direct current stimulation. Conclusion : Thus transcranial direct current stimulation on the primary motor area may help cognitive reaction regardless of inactive electrode placement.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs and their interactions with prescription drugs in adults visiting a community pharmacy. Method: The subjects were 151 adults aged over 20 years visiting a community pharmacy in Asan-si from December 16th 2011 to February 1st 2012. We used a survey questionnaire. The survey inquired about the prevalence and the details of any OTC drug use and the characteristics of the study subjects. The drug interaction classification system from Lexicomp's Lexi-interact data fields was used to identify OTC drugs likely to have clinically significant interactions with prescription drugs. Results: The patterns of OTC drug use were related to thirties (from 30 to 40 years old), female gender, higher education, non-smoking, sometimes use of alcohol, and self-perceived normal health status. The most commonly used OTC drug category was antipyretic-analgesics (n=104, 53.3%), and the most commonly used ingredient was acetaminophen (n=67, 64.4%). The biggest motivation for taking OTC drugs was suggestion by pharmacists, reported by 55.6%. After reviewing each patient's prescription drugs and OTC drugs, 14 patients (36.8%) of 38 patients using prescription drugs were taking drug combinations with potential for clinically significant interactions. The concomitant use of OTC drugs with prescription drugs may lead to increased potentially harmful interactions. Conclusion: It is suggested that health-care professionals should be more aware of the potential and possible interactions and take into better account their patients' OTC drug use.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1998

In this paper a face optimization algorithm is developed for solving the problem (P) of optimizing a linear function over the set of efficient solutions of a multiple objective linear program. Since the efficient set is in general a nonconvex set, problem (P) can be classified as a global optimization problem. Perhaps due to its inherent difficulty, relatively few attempts have been made to solve problem (P) in spite of the potential benefits which can be obtained by solving problem (P). The algorithm for solving problem (P) is guaranteed to find an exact optimal or almost exact optimal solution for the problem in a finite number of iterations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.36-39
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• 1986

The steady potential flow about a TP 620 hydrofoil, flying in air above a dynamic water surface. is calculated by the one dimensional theory as the clearance-to-length ratio tends to very small. The characteristics on water surfare effects of air supported TP 620 hydrofoil over water are compared NACA 4412, NACA 66 and plate. respectively. It is found that using the TP 620 hydrofoil is superior lift coefficients. Moreover for trailing edge shape of the hydrofoil, high lift coefficients at 1 Fmn can be obtained.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 1991

Global and local memory functions, defined by Quack and Troe, were calculated for the rotationally inelastic collision of O + SO(v, j)→ [O--S--O]→O + SO(v, j'). It is seen to decrease steadily as total energy increases. Distribution of scattering cross section over product rotational states also shows the decreasing memory of initial state as total energy is increased. These results are interpreted in terms of energy scrambling at high energy due to the availability of more phase space and also the influence of strong dynamical constraints.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.861-864
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• 1999

A new plasma source using the multi-cathode electron beam has been designed and manufactured. A multi-cathode was adopted to produce bulk plasmas in a large volume. Multi-cathode electron beam plasma source(MCEBPS) was found to generate stable plasmas over the wafer diameter of 300 mm or above. W(tungsten) filament was used as a cathode. Over a 320 mm diameter, both the plasma potential $V_p$ and floating potential $V_f$ were uniformly maintained and the difference between $V_p and V_f$ was measured to be small. The plasma density was around $10^{10} cm^{-3}$ and its variation along the radial distance was small.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1997

The optimum global natural vegetation mapping(GNVM) system was selected as a series of the study to estimate potential forest area of the globe. To select the system, three types of GNVM systems which are simple system with Light Climatic Dataset(LCD), altitude-allowed system with LCD and altitude-allowed system with Heavy Climatic Dataset(HCD) were established and compared. The three GNVM systems spherically interpolate such spotty climate data as those observed at weather stations the world over onto $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$ grid points, product vegetation type classification, and produce a potential natural vegetation(PNV) map and a PNV area. As a result of comparison with three GNVM systems, altitude-allowed LCD system represented natural vegetation distribution better than other versions. The difference between the simple system versus the one with altitude allowance indicated that the simple version tends to over-represent the warmer climate areas and under-represent cold and hostile climate areas. In the difference between altitude-allowed versions of LCD and HCD, HCD version tended to overestimate moist climate areas and to underestimate dry climate areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2012

We estimated the potential area roof greening in Gyeonggi-do that will mitigate the heat island effect. The estimation was based on building age, roof shape, and building use which were recorded in the building register from "Sewoomteo, the Building Administration System in the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The estimated potential roof greening area in Gyeonggi-do was approximately $102.5km^2$ assuming that the buildings for residence, public, education(school), office, shopping mall are appropriate for roof greening. The area occupied by apartment buildings over six-story was 76.3% of the potential roof greening area 10.2% for individual houses, 5.9% for under five-story apartment buildings, and 3.7% for school buildings. The result indicated that it is residential buildings that we need to pay attention for roof greening, especially high-rise buildings over six-story. Greening of the whole estimated area, $102.5km^2$, in Gyeonggi-do will result in the increase of green space per capita by $8.74m^2$. This is 1.65 times greater than the area of current urban parks, and 1.97 times greater than the total area of neighborhood parks, children's parks, and pocket parks. Greening of the estimated roof area will increase green coverage of urban area by twice, adding to current green coverage of the urban areas, 11.3%, in 10 major cities. In particular, the effect of roof greening would be remarkable in inceasing the green space of Anyang City, Gwangmyeong City, and Guri City where neighborhood park area falls short.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.107-112
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• 2011

Multiple ground rods are commonly used to obtain the low ground impedance, but they will not reduce the ground impedance unless the spacings between the ground rods are sufficient. This paper presents the experimental results of frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of two ground rods in parallel. The resultant ground impedance of two ground rods in parallel were measured as functions of the spacing and length of ground rods and the frequency of test currents and were discussed based on the potential interferences. As a consequence, the frequency-dependent ground impedance of single ground rod and two combined ground rods give capacitive. It was found that the effect of potential interference on the ground impedance is directly associated with the frequency-dependent ground impedance and is strong in low frequency. Also, in order to reduce the increasing rate of resultant ground impedance of two ground rods due to potential interference to within 10(%), two ground rods in parallel will be placed over one rod length apart.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

Please In this paper, to cope with biased impulsive noise problems, a new information potential is proposed that can move the transmitted symbol points by modifying the information potential designed with Dirac-delta functions. Based on the proposed information potential a new blind algorithm is derived by employing an augmented filter structure. From the simulation results in the environment of biased impulsive noise, the conventional algorithms yield performance degradation by over 15 dB, but the proposed algorithm shows no performance degradation and holds the same steady state MSE of below -25 dB as after the initial convergence regardless of the channel conditions.