• Title/Summary/Keyword: ovarian cells

Search Result 478, Processing Time 0.037 seconds

Downregulation of the Expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein and Aromatase in Steroidogenic KGN Human Granulosa Cells after Exposure to Bisphenol A

  • Ji-Eun Park;Seung Gee Lee;Seung-Jin Lee;Wook-Joon Yu;Jong-Min Kim
    • Development and Reproduction
    • /
    • v.27 no.4
    • /
    • pp.185-193
    • /
    • 2023
  • Although increasing evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between BPA exposure and female reproductive disorders have been suggested through many studies, the precise biochemical and molecular mechanism(s) by which BPA interferes with steroidogenesis in the ovarian cells still remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover the steroidogenic biomarker(s) associated with BPA treatment in human granulosa cell line, KGN. In this study, our results obtained via the analysis of steroidogenesis-related protein expression in KGN cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses revealed that the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and aromatase decreased considerably and gradually after BPA treatment in a dose-dependent manner under BPA treatment. Further, remarkable decreases in their expression levels at the cellular levels were also confirmed via immunocytochemistry, and subsequent StAR and aromatase mRNA expression levels showed profiles similar to those observed for their proteins, i.e., both StAR and aromatase mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased under BPA treatment at concentrations ≥0.1 μM. We observed that follicle stimulating hormone upregulated StAR and aromatase protein expression levels; however, this effect was suppressed in the presence of BPA. Regarding the steroidogenic effects of BPA on KGN cells, controversies remain regarding the ultimate outcomes. Nevertheless, we believe that the results here presented imply that KGN cells have a good cellular and steroidogenic machinery for evaluating endocrine disruption. Therefore, StAR and aromatase could be stable and sensitive biomarkers in KGN cells for the cellular screening of the potential risk posed by exogenous and environmental chemicals to female reproductive (endocrine) function.

Fulvestrant Does Not Have Antagonistic Effect on 17β-estradiol's Anti-proliferative Action in Cultured Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cell Line (17β-Estradiol의 CHO 세포 항 증식작용에 대한 fulvestrant의 효과)

  • Kim, Hyun Hee;Park, Hyeong Cheol;Min, Gyesik
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.173-180
    • /
    • 2014
  • Estrogen can promote or inhibit cellular proliferation depending on tissue cell types and physiological condition and acts through the signal transduction pathways mediated primarily by estrogen receptors. This study examined the effects of fulvestrant (Ful), a well-known antagonist for the estrogen receptor, on the action of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) with respect to the proliferation and apoptosis of Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells. We used different concentrations of E2, Ful, and E2 plus Ful during different treatment durations. Treatment with 15-40 ${\mu}M$ E2 significantly inhibited proliferation in a time-dependent manner, although it had no influence in concentrations up to 1 ${\mu}M$. Interestingly, Ful at 10-40 ${\mu}M$ also inhibited cellular proliferation in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, Ful enhanced rather than decreased the inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation by E2 in combined treatment for 10 days. Thus, Ful does not appear to have an antagonistic effect on estrogen's anti-proliferative action in CHO cells. In TUNEL assays to confirm DNA fragmentation by E2 and/or Ful, CHO cells treated with 20 ${\mu}M$ E2 showed a TUNEL-positive reaction in most DAPI-stained nuclei, and cells treated with either 40 ${\mu}M$ Ful or 40 ${\mu}M$ Ful plus 20 ${\mu}M$ E2 also exhibited a TUNEL-positive reaction but at a lower rate compared to the E2-treated cells. These results indicate that Ful does not have an antagonistic effect on estrogen's anti-proliferative action in CHO cells, suggesting that the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-related mechanism(s) through DNA fragmentation by E2 and Ful may be mediated by different signal transduction pathways.

GAMETOGENESIS AND REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE TOPSHELL, TURBO CORNUTUS SOLANDER (소라, Turbo cornutus의 생식세포형성과정 및 생식주기에 관한 조직학적 연구)

  • LEE Ju Ha
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.125-134
    • /
    • 1980
  • The dovelopment of the gonads, gametogenesis and the reproductive cycle of the topshell, Turbo cornutus Solander, which is one of valuable food animals fom Korean waters were studied by photomicroscophy. The materials were monthly collected from Bangeojin, Jeongjari and Dangweol, all these places being located in the south-eastern part of Korea, for one year from March 1979 to February 1980. Topshell is dioecious and oviparous. Gonad is situated on the surface of liver, which lies posteriorly. The surface of ovary and testis is covered with a fibrous membrane, membrane of connective and muscular fibers and then an outermost layer of simple-columnar epithelial cells which are composed of cuboidal and columnar mucous gland cells. Primordial germ cells develop on the germinal epithelium of ovarian and testicular lobuli which are originated from the fibrous membrane and extend toward hepatic gland. Undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and pigment granular cells are abundantly distributed between the growing oocytes and spermatocytes in the early development stages. With the further development of the ovary and testis these tissue and cells gradually disappear. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and pigment granular cells are considered to be related to the growing of the oocytes and spermatocytes. Early multiplicating oogonium is ca. $10\mu$ in diameter and nucleushaving a central nucleolus is ra. $8\mu$. As the oocytea grow to ca. $50-60\mu$ by the increase of cytoplasm, the oocytes become look like bunches of grapes which are attached to ovarian lobuli. Mature eggs are ca. $180-210\mu$ in diameter and it is surrounded by a gelatinous membrane of ca. $10\mu$ in thickness. After spawning, undischarged ripe eggs and spermatozoa remain in the ovary and testis respectively for some time. Then they finally degenerate, and proliferation of new oogonia and spermatogonia occur along the germinal epithelia of newly developed ovarian and testicular lobuli. Reprocuctive cycle of Turbo cornutus could be classified into five successive stages: multiplicative, growing, maturer spent and recovery stages. Spawning occurs from August to November with Peak spawning from early September to late October.

  • PDF

Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine($^{131}I$) (방사성동위원소옥소(放射性同位元素沃素)($^{131}I$)가 "마우스"의 주요장기(主要臟器)의 병리조직상(病理組織像)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ro, Chae-Song;Lee, Mun-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.85-97
    • /
    • 1967
  • Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) were experimentally observed. Sixity healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, devided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of $^{131}I$ were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $10{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given $^{131}I$ with 3 doses of $2.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyms were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the fibrinous tissues. In the group D given $^{131}I$ with 6 doses of $0.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given $^{131}I$ with 8 and 10 doses of $0.2{\mu}C\;and\;0.01{\mu}C$ for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degnerative changes and acute or chronic inflammatory changes were observed in proportion to the amount of $^{131}I$ injected. Atrophies of the liver cells, dilatations of sinusoids, hyaline degenerations and necrotic pictures were observed. 4) Kidney: In the group A, congestions and infiltrations of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were observed around the cortical arteries, and in the group B, the degenerative changes of cortexes, and, in the group C and D, hydronephrotic changes were observed respectively, and hyaline degenerations were partially observed. 5) Gonad: In the group A, the follicles were degenerated. The ova in the follicles showed irregular figures. The changes in the group B were almost the same as in the group A, but the changes were mild. In the group C, the destructions of whole ova, the hypertrophies of ovarian follicular membranes and pyknotic changes of nuclei were observed. In the group D, the pathological changes were similar to that of group C, but mild in the grade. In the group E, almost none of ovarian follicular fluid was observed, and in the group F, the tissue pictures were almost similar to that of the normal group.

  • PDF

Morphological Study on the TUNEL Reaction of Mouse Ovary by X-ray Irradiation (방사선 조사선량에 따른 생쥐 난소의 TUNEL 염색반응에 관한 형태학적 연구)

  • Yoon, Chul-Ho;Chang, Byung-Soo
    • Applied Microscopy
    • /
    • v.37 no.2
    • /
    • pp.135-142
    • /
    • 2007
  • This research investigated morphological changes of ovarian follicle according to dose of irradiation when adult mice were exposed to X-rays from 6 MeV LINAC. At day 3 after irradiation of 200 cGy, 400 cGy and 600 cGy X-ray to the hole body of mice, the ovaries collected and stained with TUNEL. The normal follicles and atretic follicles were identified to apoptosis by the staining with TUNEL. In the atretic follicles of the normal ovary, the apoptotic bodies were well appeared and stained brown color. Almost of the follicles following irradiation are stained with TUNEL, but the sensitivity of reaction is weaker than that in irradiation of 400 cGy and 600 cGy X-ray. The granulosa cells of the radiated normal follicle by 400 cGV are shown brown color. In this stage, the nucleus of granulosa cells in the atrectic follicles are condensed and picknotic feature. The size of the radiated follicle by 600 cGy are decreased than the normal follicles. The atropic follicles are filled with apoptotic bodies which change of granulosa cells and theca cells by influence of X-ray. All of cell in the follicles are strongly positive stained with TUNEL by irradiation of 600 cGy.

Bufalin, a Traditional Oriental Medicine, Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells

  • Takai, Noriyuki;Kira, Naoko;Ishii, Terukazu;Yoshida, Toshie;Nishida, Masakazu;Nishida, Yoshihiro;Nasu, Kaei;Narahara, Hisashi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.399-402
    • /
    • 2012
  • Bufalin is a traditional oriental medicines which induces apoptosis in some lines of human tumor cells. It constitutes the major digoxin-like immunoreactive component of Chan Su, obtained from the skin and parotid venom glands of toads. Bufalin is cardioactive C-24 steroids that exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as cardiotonic, anaesthetic, blood pressure stimulatory, respiratory and antineoplastic effects. In terms of its anti-tumor activity, bufalin has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of tumors, such as endometrial and ovarian cancers. This commentary introduces biologic and therapeutic effects of bufalin in treating some cancers. The compound is able to mediate inhibition of cell growth, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and expression of genes related to the malignant phenotype in human cancer cells.

한국동물학회 제 14회 대회기록: 유전학의 제문제

  • Ojima, Yoshio
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.112-126
    • /
    • 1970
  • This paper deals with cytogenetical and cytochemical studies of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), the funa (Carassius carassius) and their hybrids. When kept under a confined condition, the carp and the funa mate andcan produce hybrids. Reciprocal crosses are also possible with similar results. The hybrids grow regularly with no observed abnormalities in the course of their development. They rank intermediate between the parent species in several characters. The hybrid males are completely sterile, while a hybrid female laid eggs in backcrossing. The spermatogenetic activity in hybrid testes is greatly disturbed. The chromosomes as observed in spermatogonial devision of hybrids are 100 in number, being the total sum of the haploid numbers of the parents, 50 for the carp and 50 for the funa. Meiosis in the hybrid testes is highly disturbed being arrested at early stages of the meiotic prophase. Most of the germ-cells undergo pycnotic degeneration during the period from late leptotene, and no spermatozoa are produced. In some hybrid specimens, the gonads show mosaic structures composed of testicular and ovarian elements, anevidence suggesting that sterility is associated with intersexuality caused by genetic unbalance between the parent species. The DNA amount in spermatogonial nuclei of thehybrids is approximately the same as that of liver nuclei, showing the 2n value. The DNA amount in the pachytene nuclei of the hybrids is less than the 4n value, while the parent species have the reduced amount of DNA in their pachytene nuclei. A consideration was made that the reduced amount of DNA in the hybrid cells may cause the disturbance of cellular activity leading to the subsequent degeneration of cells. Some aspects of enzymatic pattern in the carp, funa and their hybrids are. going on.

  • PDF

Identification of Genes Regulated by PKC${\zeta}$ during Ovulation in the Rat

  • Seo, You-Mi;Jeon, Mee-Jin;Kim, Tae-Seong;Chun, Sang-Young
    • 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2006.06a
    • /
    • pp.6-11
    • /
    • 2006
  • Our previous study demonstrates a rapid activation of atypical PKC${\zeta}$ by the ovulatory dose of LH/hCG. The present study was therefore designed to identify PKC${\zeta}$ regulated-genes in rat ovarian preovulatory granulosa cells. Preovulatory granulosa cells cultured in the presence of myristoylated PKC${\zeta}$ pseudosubstrate peptide were subjected to identify differentially expressed genes by using anneling control primer RT-PCR. As a result, among sixteen genes identified, six genes (testin, glypican-4, retrovirus SC1, connective growth factor, aminolevulinic acid synthase1 and serum- inducible kinase) were rapidly stimulated by hCG. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that all these genes were rapidly stimulated by hCG and declined thereafter. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the expression of these genes in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. The present study demonstrates time- and cell-specific expression of PKC${\zeta}$-regulated genes, and may imply that these genes play a specific role(s) during LH-induced ovulation.

  • PDF

Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on Cell Survival of Human Ovarian Teratocarcinoma Cell Line (Epidermal Growth Factor가 난소 기형암종 배아세포주의 생존율에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Chung-hui;Kim, Jong-shu;Cuong, Dang Van;Kim, Na-ri;Kim, Eui-yong;Han, Jin
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.43 no.2
    • /
    • pp.211-218
    • /
    • 2003
  • Human ovarian cancerous cells survive in a way that they trigger the nucleotide excision repair (NER) or double-strand DNA repair (dsDNA) repair mechanism to show resistance to anticancer drugs and activate many kinds of repair protein, thus removing damaged DNAs. Two experiments on the PA-1 human ovarian teratocareinoma cell line that hardly has any expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were conducted in the study; first, EGF-R was transfected and its receptor was obtained. The receptor was investigated in terms of its mutual relations with many kinds of protein concerning NER or dsDNA repair. Second, it was examined what kind impact cisplatin and adriamycin had on the effects of EGF-R over the PA-1 cell line lacking EGF-R. When being administered with cisplatin and adriamycin, Hey and Hey C2 cell lines showed a high level of resistance while PA-1 cell line a high level of sensitivity. Hey and Hey C2 cell lines that are resistant against anticancer drugs exhibited a high level of EGF-R expression while PA-1 cell line that is sensitive to them did a much lower level of the expression. When PA-1 cell line was transfected for the expression of DNA adduct and EGF-R, it showed a higher level of resistance compared to the control group. There was no difference in the expression of DNA repair proteins (DNA- dependent protein kinase, Ku70, and Ku80) between Hey and the PA-1 cell lines. The results indicate that the Hey cell line that is resistant against cisplatin and adriamycin works along the signaling system responding to the changes of EGF-R while the PA-1 cell line that is sensitive to both of them does to the lack of EGF-R.

Gonad Structure and Reproductive Cycle of the Smallmouth Scorpionfish, Scorpaena miostoma (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) (쭈굴감펭 (Scorpaena miosfoma)의 생식소 구조 및 생식주기)

  • LEE Jung Sick;KANG Ju-Chan;HUH Sung-Hoi
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.30 no.4
    • /
    • pp.627-633
    • /
    • 1997
  • Gonad structure, germ cell development and reproductive cycle of the smallmouth scorpionfish, Scorpaena miostoma were investigated based on histological method. Samples were collected monthly in the vicinity of Suyoung Bay, Pusan, Korea from November 1995 to October 1996. The testis is seminiferous tubule type in internal structure. Seminiferous tubule consists of numerous testicular cysts which contain numerous germ cells in same developmental stage. The ovary consists of several ovarian lamellae originated from ovarian outer membrane. Oogonia originated from the inner surface of the ovarian lamella protrude to the ovarian cavity in oocyte stage, and they are suspended by the egg stalk. Biological minimum size of female and male were 12.5cm in total length. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female (3.81) and male (0.23) were the highest in October. Reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: in female, growing stage $(May\~August)$, maturation stage $(September\~October)$, ripe and spawning stage $(November\~December)$, recovery and resting stage $(January\~April)$, and in male, growing stage $(June\~August)$, maturation stage $(September\~October)$, ripe and spent stage $(November\~January)$ and recovery and resting stage $(February\~May)$.

  • PDF