• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

Rural community in Korea being changed to aging community, declining population and income loss by the industrialization and the urbanization. The weak class in rural is confronted with more poorly environment. So it is needed to check the quality of the weak class's house in rural. Basically proposes of this paper is to find ways about rural housing improving and the vitality of rural community. This paper contents rural housing problems through the paper review and house repair characteristics for the weak class. Data for statics analysis were obtained from house repair support program for the weak class in Jeonnam province from 2011 to 2012. The results of this paper are as follow: First, house repair items ranking for the weak class in rural was insulation & heating, toilet, structure, indoor environment, electricity, outside and kitchen & waterproof. This result was reflected that weak class's energy bills is high ratio compared with income. Second, health facilities were improved for the socially disadvantaged's convenience in considering that most of weak class is a senior. Last, most of houses for weak class in rural are old clay wall and block wall. So these houses are reinforced the wall for structural safety.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2001

During hot pipe bending using induction heating, the wall of bending outside is thinned by tensile stress. In design requirement, the reduction of wall thickness is not allowed to exceed 12.5%. So in this study, two methods of bending, one is loading of reverse moment and the other is loading of temperature gradient, have been investigated to design pipe bending process that satisfy design requirements. For this purpose, finite element analysis with a bending radius 2Do(outer diameter of pipe) has been performed to calculate proper reverse moment and temperature gradient to be applied. Induction heating process has been analyzed to estimate influence of heating process parameters on heating characteristic by finite difference method. Then pipe bending experiments have been performed for verification of finite element and finite difference analysis results. Experimental results are in good agreement with the results of simulations.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

The function of Feed Water Ring is to provide the flow path from Feedwater Nozzle to inside of SG(steam generator). Significant amounts of general FAC on the outside of the Feed Water Ring are not likely due to the low flow velocities in this area. However, on the interior of the Feed Water Ring, there may be areas of local higher flow velocity which could lead to higher FAC rates. These may include the inlet tee from the Feedwater Nozzle into the Feed Water Ring, the areas where the Feed Water Ring changes diameter, and especially the entrance area to the J-Nozzles. In this paper, the results of root cause analysis of through-wall hole observed at domestic WH 51F SG Feed Water Ring and its effect on the integrity and performance of SG are described. And, the maintenance strategy for WH 51F SG Feed Water Ring and the monitoring strategy for Downcomer Feed Water Ring of CE System 80 SG are presented.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 1994

Maxillary cancer is usually detected late, and the majority of patients have advanced($T_3\;or\;T_4$) diseases at the first diagnosis. It invades outside the maxillary antrum, superiorly the orbit, ethmoid sinus and the anterior cranial base, anteriorly the facial skin. If the cancer extends through the posterior antral wall, the pterygoid plates, pterygoid muscles and infratemporal fossa are to be involved that make the conventional maxillectomy impossible to remove all the involved structures in infratemporal fossa completely. So, more extensive surgical apprdoach is necessary. We report surgical experience using infratemporal fossa approach(lateral facial approach) in four cases of maxillary cancer and one case of hard palate cancer which extends through the posterior antral wall and involving pterygoid muscles, pterygoid plates and temporalis muscle.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2002

In this study, external condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of two non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of HFC32/HFC134a and HF0134a/HCF0123 at various compositions were measured on both low fin and Turbo-C enhanced tubes of 19.0 mm outside diameter All data were taken at the vapor temperature of 39$^{\circ}C$ with a wall subcooling of 3- 8 K. Test results showed that HTCs of the tested mixtures on the enhanced tubes were much lower than the ideal values calculated by the mass fraction weighting of the pure compo- nents'HTCs. Also the reduction of HTCs due to the diffusion vapor film was much larger than that of a plain tube. Unlike HTCs of pure fluids, HTCs of the mixtures measured on enhanced tubes increased as the wall subcooling increased, which was due to the sudden break up of the vapor diffusion film with an increase in wall subcooling. Finally, heat transfer enhancement ratios for mixtures were found to be much lower than those of pure fluids.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.633-641
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• 1995

The effect of the gap width on conjugate heat transfer in the cylindrical annulus for an insulated tube has been studied numerically by the finite difference method. The parameters considered here are the Rayleigh number, Ra, the dimensionless insulated wall thickness, $W/D_i$ and the dimensionless gap width, S/W. As S/W increases, the mean wall temperature increases at the inside wall of annulus and decreases at the outside walls of annulus and the insulated tube at $S/W{\leq}0.5$, and then slightly increases at $Re=10^4$, $W/D_i=1.47$. The heat transfer rate decreases at $S/W{\leq}0.5$ and then increases apparently as S/W increases at $Re=10^4$, W/Df=1.47. Therefore, it is considered that $$S/W{\sim_=}0.5$$ is the optimum gap width for the effect of insulation at $Re=10^4$, $W/D_f=1.47$.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.236-240
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• 2009

Dry wall using steel stud has the advantage of possibility to install various building, so it used to many buildings inside and outside of the country very rapidly. Though Light gauge steel framed housing offers many advantages to the consumer and the builder, the use of steel studs in wall system cause thermal problems such as thermal performance and pattern staing on walls. The present study has been conducted to observe effect of stud by the shape, and two kind of stud is made for this test to compare thermal performance. The test was conducted by setting those stud on the chamber and heating them. As the results of test and photograping by using TVS, there was temperature gap of each stud, and surface temperature of each section was appeared differently due to shape of stud delaying thermal bridge.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2016

먹물버섯 Coprinellus congregatus의 버섯조직이 자가분해되는 시기에 발현되는 chitinase (Chi2)는 사람에게 질병을 일으키는 Cryptococcus neoformans의 세포벽 두께를 정상 세포벽의 32% 수준까지 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라, 세포 외 섬유상 물질도 제거하였다. Chi2 처리에 의하여 사람에게 알레르기를 유발하는 Alternaria alternata의 생장은 물론 생쥐 모델에서 이 균에 의한 피부알레르기 증상도 감소시켰다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 케이슨 안벽의 뒷굽이 주동토압에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 한계해석법을 사용하여 뒷굽의 길이에 따라 벽면마찰력이 뒷굽 상부에서 발생하는 활동면의 경사각에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과 뒷굽의 길이가 짧을수록 내측 활동면의 경사각은 증가하나, 외측 활동면의 경사각은 일정하였다. 실제 케이슨 안벽에서 발생하는 파괴면에 작용하는 토압과 동일한 토압을 갖는 뒷굽 끝에서의 가상의 연직배면에 작용하는 토압에 대하여 뒷굽의 상대 길이-뒤채움 토사의 내부마찰각-벽면마찰각-가상의 연직배면에 작용하는 배면마찰각 등의 상관관계를 구하였다. 뒷굽이 짧을수록 케이슨 안벽에 작용하는 토압이 Rankine 토압보다는 작아지나 뒷굽의 길이를 고려하지 않은 Coulomb 토압보다는 항상 크게 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2006

The filmwise condensation heat transfer coefficients of R-134a on the horizontal copper and stainless steel tubes were measured and analyzed. The outside diameter of the tubes was 15.88 mm, and the tube thickness ranged from 0.89 to 1.65 mm. The polished stainless steel tube had an RMS surface roughness($R_q$) of 0.37 $\mu$m, and commercial stainless steel tubes had an surface roughness($R_q$) of 1.855 $\mu$m. The tests were conducted at the saturation temperatures of 20 and $30^{\circ}C$, and the liquid wall subcoolings from 0.4 to $2.1^{\circ}C$. The measured condensation heat transfer coefficients were significantly lower than the predicted data by the Nusselt analysis. This trend in the stainless steel tube was explained by the effects of thermal resistance of tube material and surface roughness. Based on the experimental data with respect to wall thickness and surface roughness, it was suggested that the existing correlation on external condensation should be modified by considering material and surface roughness factors. The revised correlation was developed by introducing the effects of wall thickness and surface roughness into the Nusselt equation. The average deviation of the revised correlation was 13.0 %.