• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.166-176
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• 2003

Experiments have been conducted in order to make comparisons of a alternative refrigerant (R-410A) cycle characteristic with an existing refrigerant (R-22) cycle characteristic in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). The parameters examined in the present work include air flow rate, indoor/outdoor air temperatures, and indoor relative humidity. These two refrigeration cycles share all components except compressor, accumulator, oil separator, and piping connecting them. The measurements were made using an air-enthalpy calorimeter. The experimental results show that the R-410A cycle has many advantages over indoor conditions while the R-22 cycle has better performance over outdoor conditions.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

While commercialization of IoT technologies in the safety management sector is being promoted in terms of industrial safety of large indoor businesses, implementing a system for risk management of small outdoor work sites with frequent site movements is not actively implemented. In this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic workload balancing strategy which combined low-power, wide-bandwidth (LPWA) communication and low-power Bluetooth (BLE) communication technologies to support customized risk management alarm systems for each individual (driver/operator/manager). This study was designed to enable long-term low-power collection and transmission of traffic information in outdoor environment, as well as to implement an integrated real-time safety management system that notifies a whole field worker who does not carry a separate smart device in advance. Performance assessments of the system, including risk alerts to drivers and workers via Bluetooth communication, the speed at which critical text messages are received, and the operation of warning/lighting lamps are all well suited to field application.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

노후 공동주택의 리모델링 공사 수행 현황을 살펴보면, 공동주택의 신축공사와는 달리 철거공사라는 새로운 공종이 추가 된다. 이러한 철거공사는 리모델링 공사를 구성하는 다양한 공종 중에서 공사 기간을 좌우하는 주요 공종에 해당하나, 실제 공사수행 방법은 기존의 일반 건축공사 철거형태와 거의 동일하게 이루어지고 있다. 즉, 폐자재의 재활용 등을 통한 자원의 낭비 및 환경파괴 등을 최소화 할 수 있는 리모델링 공사의 특성을 고려하지 않고, 단순 생산성만을 강조한 기존철거공사의 수행 방법을 그대로 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 리모델링 공사의 특성을 반영한 철거공사의 프로세스 정립이 필요하며, 더불어 정립된 프로세스를 구성하는 단위 작업의 시공성을 평가하여 향후개선을 위한 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 정립한 리모델링 공사의 철거 프로세스 및 단위작업(이하 '신규방식'이라함)과 기존 일반 건축공사의 철거공사 수행 방식(이하 '기존방식'이라함)의 비교를 통한 신규방식의 시공성 측면의 개선효과를 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 전문가 면담을 통한 철거공사의 시공성을 측정할 수 있는 주요요인을 도출한 후, 이를 근간으로 공가(空家)상태인 시영아파트의 두개 동에 신규방식과 기존방식의 비교실험을 통한 시공성의 개선 효과를 분석하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to analyze the work clothes' clothing comfort and wearer mobility of painting workers with the consideration of the work environment features in the machine and shipbuilding industries in South Korea. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the study, which consisted of questions on the clothing comfort and wearer mobility aspects of painting work clothes by clothes types and body parts. The work clothes' clothing comfort and wearer mobility levels were scaled in 5 points i.e. 1(: very tight/very uncomfortable) to 5(: very slack/very comfortable). The painting work environmental hazardous features were considered as high impact levels of workplace temperature, oxygen deficiency, organic solvent, toxic gas factors while metal fragment factor only impacts 'low' in the painting processes with the findings throughout this study. Since the painting work consisted of surface washing and the spray and touch-up painting processes, which was carried out in an outdoor work place, the painting work clothes should meet high performance of waterproofing from the painting material and air permeability specially in summer as well as thermal performance in winter. The subjects painting workers' assessment of the existing work clothes' clothing oppression was in the levels between 3 (i.e. moderate) and 4 (i.e. comfortable) in a range of 1 to 5 points. The existing painting work clothes' wearer mobility was evaluated 'very uncomfortable' in all work clothes parts, especially, armhole length, biacromial breadth, sleeve length of the jumper; and body rise, waist, hip, thigh and knee circumferences of the pants.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

This study was conducted in industrial area. The level of nitrogen dioxide was measured indoor, outdoor, work and personal in an study area within 5 km from source of pollution and control area 15 km farther from August, 2006 to September. The followings are the summary of this research. The concentration of the indoor and the outdoor $NO_2$ levels in the industrial area are 18.41$\pm$6.35 ppb, 18.51$\pm$3.26 ppb each, and the indoor/outdoor concentration rate is 0.99. The concentration of $NO_2$ in the workplace is 18.59$\pm$10.16 ppb, and the individual exposure rate is 18.80$\pm$5.71 ppb. The concentration of the indoor and the outdoor $NO_2$ levels control area are 12.57$\pm$3.82 ppb, 9.68$\pm$2.16 ppb each, and the indoor/outdoor concentration rate is 1.33. The personal exposure rate is 14.49$\pm$10.06 ppb. The residents of the each area and those of the comparative area spend 80.9% and 76.9% each their time in the indoor. It shows they spend most of their time in indoor. The predictions of the individual exposure rates in the industrial area and the comparative area are 15.10$\pm$6.14 ppb and 10.52$\pm$3.82 ppb each, The concentration levels measured by passive sampler are 18.80$\pm$5.71 ppb and 14.49$\pm$10.34 ppb each. The result of the research is the analysis of the personal exposure rate in indoor, outdoor and workplace of industrial area. This research may bo used as a basic data to manage and to establish the plan for $NO_2$ gas of the industrial area.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

This study is about the evaluation of the color arrangements of working clothes that are harmonized with working environment and assist in the protection of workers in industrial sites. This study attempted color arrangement design with the intention of giving order to the colors of working environment and working clothes so as to help improve the safety of work and the management aspects including human resource management, efficiency improvement, and the practice of business ethics. The study method consisted of literature research, empirical research, and evaluation research. The literature research performed theoretical examination about colors, industrial safety, and visibility. Three actual outdoor work sites in the machine industry were chosen and pictures were taken at 20-30 m from workers. The background colors of the work environment of each work site and the colors of the working clothes that were actually worn were analyzed through color values measured with a color-difference meter(CR-400). As a result, it was found that between value and chroma which affect visibility, color arrangement based on differences in chroma could be a greater influence than color arrangement based on differences in value. The results of this study could assist the integration of color schemes among working environment colors, people and working clothes by suggesting color arrangements with improved visibility that are applicable to the working clothes of domestic machine manufacturers that are playing a pivotal role in domestic industries and by presenting appropriate guidelines.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.80-91
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• 2007

최근 국내 외적으로 크랙실링 공법의 활용성을 높이기 위해 도로면 크랙실링 자동화 장비 개발에 관한 연구를 활발히 진행하고 있다. 예방적 차원에서 도로의 장 수명화 및 유지보수 비용 절감을 위해서는 도로 유지관리 시점 및 유지 보수된 구간정보, 작업 수행 결과 등과 같은 이력정보가 체계적으로 수집.축적될 수 있는 관리체계의 개발이 선행되어야 한다. 그러나 기존 크랙실링 관련 기술개발 동향은 크랙실링 공법의 자동화를 위한 연구가 주로 수행되고 있을 뿐 도로면 크랙실링 작업정보 수집과 관련한 연구는 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 크랙실링 작업 관련 정보습득의 어려움 및 경영 분석과 성과측정을 위한 객관적인 자료 구축 미흡, 수집된 정보의 신뢰성 부족 등과 같은 문제점이 도출되었다. 본 연구에서는 크랙실링작업 시 발생되는 정보를 신속.정확하게 수집 및 축적하여 이력관리로 활용하고 작업 주체간의 정보교류를 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 지원하는 PDA 및 웹 기반 크랙실링 작업정보 수집 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.151-152
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• 2000

During in door or outdoor mass culture, Porphyra have been easily contaminated with bacteria, protozoa and microalgal species. Several axenic treatments for Porphyra thalli have been published (Polne-Fuller and Gibo 1984; Chen and McCracken 1993), but axenic techniques for neutral spores and conchocelis we not developed. In this work we describe the procedure for axenic isolation of neutral spores and conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis (omitted)

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2016

Objectives: Outdoor workers are exposed to thermally stressful work environments. In this study, heat stress indices for harbor workers in summer were calculated to evaluate thermal comfort based on a human heat balance model. These indices are Physiological Subjective Temperature (PST), Dehydration Risk (DhR), and Overheating Risk (OhR) according to respective stage of cargo work in a harbor. In addition, we constructed a forecast system to provide heat stress information. Methods: Thermophysiological indices in this study were calculated using the MENEX model (i.e. the human heat balance model), which used as inputs the meteorological parameters, clothing insulation, and metabolic rate for each stage of cargo work in the harbor of Masan over the course of seven days, including a four-day heat wave. The forecast heat stress information constructed for Masan harbor was based on meteorological data supported by the Dong-Nae Forecast from the KMA (Korea Metrological Administration) and other input parameters. Results: According to higher metabolic rate, thermophysiological indices showed a critical level. In particular, PST was evaluated as reaching the 'Very hot' or 'Hot' level during all seven days, despite the heat occurring over only four. It is important in a regard to consider the work environment conditions (i.e. labor intensity and clothing in harbor). On a webpage, the forecast thermophysiological indices show as infographics to be easily understand. This webpage is comprised of indices for both current conditions and the forecast, with brief guidance. Conclusion: Thermophysiological indices show the risk level to health during a heat wave period. Heat stress information could help to protect the health of harbor workers. Further, this study could extend the applicability of these indices to a variety of outdoor workers in consideration of work environments.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2011

In this presentation, We monitored weather data, such as global irradiance, ambient temperature, temperature of PV module, relative humidity and windspeed for 2 years, for determining accelerated test condition. then, we determined the temperature limit of accelerated test through weather data and FEM analysis. Detailed procedures will be summarized in this work. After analysing outdoor stress such as thermal stress, we decided main failure modes and mechanisms of PV module, especially solder joint of ribbon wire. we carried out the measurement of material properties such as thermal expansion coefficient for planning of accelerated test. we designed accelerated test based on FEM analysis results. we carried out thermal cycling test with 1 cell mini module for 3 months. We monitored the change of electrical performance every 1 week such as Voc, Isc, Pmax, etc. and then, we analized the ribbon wire/electrode intefaces. Detailed results will be summarized in this work.