• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2010

Background and Objective : Increasing interest in anti-aging and anti-wrinkling agents for the skin has triggered the recent outflow of researches and studies in this field. This study was designed to investigate the effects of bee venom on skin wrinkling and skin aging by testing the skin wrinkling, skin elasticity, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), free radical level, anti-oxidative agent level, and skin tissue after infusion of bee venom on hairless mouse. Materials and Methods : Fifteen hairless mice aged between 36~40 weeks were divided randomly into 3 Group; the Bee Venom Syringe Group, the Bee Venom Needle Group, and the control group. The Bee Venom Syringe Group were injected subcutaneously with bee venom (0.1cc in total) using an insulin syringe on three spots in the lumbar spine (one spot on the center and two spots 1~2cm to the side bilaterally). The Bee Venom Needle Group were pricked with bee venom-smeared acupuncture needles on three longitudinal spots in the lumbar spine each 1cm apart, after which the needles were removed 10 minutes later. The Control Group did not receive any form of intervention. All procedures took place thrice a week for four weeks, during which the mice were allowed free access to water and fodder. The mice were measured and compared in the weight, skin wrinkling scale, skin elasticity, and TEWL before and after the experiment. After the experiment, blood samples were taken to measure the free radical and anti-oxidative agent level, and the skin tissue was sliced for examination. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program (ver 12.0). The ANOVA analysis was used to compare and contrast the three groups, and t-test for paired samples was used to evaluate skin-wrinkling before and after experiment. The cut-off p-value of significance was set at p<0.05. Results : 1. Administration of bee venom did not cause serious weight loss or gain. 2. Compared to the control group, the Bee Venom Syringe Group and the Bee Venom Needle Group both showed a decrease in skin wrinkling scale after intervention. Especially, the Bee Venom Syringe Group showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). 3. Compared to the control group, the Bee Venom Syringe Group and the Bee Venom Needle Group both showed an increase in skin elasticity. Especially, the Bee Venom Syringe Group showed a significant increase (p<0.05). 4. No significant change in TEWL was found in the mice in all the three groups before and after experiment. 5. Free radical level was normal in all 15 mice in all the three groups, and anti-oxidative agent was not significantly different across the three groups. 6. The Bee Venom Syringe Group, the Bee Venom Needle Group, and the control group did not show any significant difference in the thickness of epidermis and dermis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and skin wrinkling. The epidermis layer was relatively better preserved in the Bee Venom Syringe Group as compared to the Bee Venom Needle Group and the control group. Conclusion : Direct injection of bee venom on the hairless mouse using a syringe was found to improve wrinkling of the skin and increase skin elasticity but did not show effectiveness on skin dryness due to water loss. The bee venom appears to have suppressive effects on skin wrinkling, one of the symptoms of skin aging, through a process independent of suppression of free radicals or increase of anti-oxidative agent.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

목적 : 실험적으로 p53 종양억제유전자는 세포의 방사선에 대한 반응을 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 임상에서 p53의 변화와 방사선치료 후의 예후와의 상호관련성은 아직 명확하게 규명되지 않은 상태이다. 이에 두경부종양환자에서 흔히 관찰되는 p53의 변화가 방사선치료결과에 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 두경부종양으로 진단되어 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 55명의 환자를 대상으로 임상결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 각 환자의 치료전 종양조직의 paraffin section을 human p53단백질에 대한 monoclonal antibody (D-07)로 면역조직화학염색하여 labeling Index (number of labelded nuclei/total number of counted nuclei x100)를 구하여, 임상결과와 연관지어 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체환자의 67.2$\%$에서 p53의 기능이상을 시사하는 과발현 소견을 보였다. 원발병소에 따른 과발현 빈도는 oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx순으로 각각 100$\%$, 76$\%$, 67$\%$, 67$\%$, 38$\%$로 나타났다. 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 유의하게 높은 과발현 빈도를 보였다 (78.6$\%$, 30.8$\%$). 원발병소, 병기 및 Karnofsky peformance status가 방사선치료에 대한 반응율과 유의한 연관을 보였으며, p53의 과발현여부는 치료반응율에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 무병생존율 및 전체생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자는 원발병소와 병기였고, p53의 과발현여부는 유의한 연관을 보이지 못하였다. 결론 : 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 두경부종양 환자에서, 면역조직화학염색에 의한 p53의 과발현율은 원발병소, 병기 및 흡연여부와 유관하였으며, 과발현여부가 치료반응율 및 생존율에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-65
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• 1997

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analysing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analysing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitutional medicine baced on four-type recognition - differentiation of diease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance(-muscle born joint etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ diease - standards for diagnosis of external disease. The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirments in the following odor : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattrrn, prognosis, a way of curing a diseases, prescription, herbs in common use, dieases appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirments in the following odor. another name, notion of diease, the main point of diagnosis, analysing and differentiating of disease, analysis of diease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, dieases In western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1990

1975년 1월부터 1984년 12월까지 원자력병원 치료 방사선과에서 악성 타액선 종양으로 방사선 치료를 받은 58명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 이들의 생존율을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 이들은 수술후 재발했거나, 수술이 불가능한 환자들이었다. 58명의 환자중 mucoepidermoid carcinoma를 가진 환자가 $43.1\%$, adenoid cystic carcinoma를 가진 환자는 $41.3\%$였다. 주 타액선 종양의 5년 보험생존율은 $68.2\%$, 10년 생존율은 $31.8\%$였으나, 무병생존율은 각각 $43.2\%\;13.0\%$로써 치료 후 재발된 상태에서도 비교적 오래 산다는 것을 알 수 있었다. TNM staging에 의한 생존율도 $T_1$의 5년 생존율이 $86.5\%,\;T_2+T_3$가 $40.0\%,\;T_4$가 $0\%$로, T stage가 높아지면 질수록 생존율도 현저히 감소하였다. 병리조직학적 관점에서 볼 때, adenoid cystic carcinoma의 5년 무병생존율은 $40.1\%$로써, mucoepidermoid ca.의 $49.8\%$보다 낮았으나, 전체적인 생존율은 $77.3\%$로써, mucoepidermoid ca.의 $51.5\%$보다 현저히 높았다. 따라서, adenoid cystic carcinoma는 치료실패후 병을 가진 상태에서도 상당 기간 생존할 수 있다는 것을 알았으며, 평균 생존기간은 2년 이었다. 또한 mucoepidermoid ca.인 경우에는 세포의 분화정도에 따라 생존율이 달라졌는데, 저등도 분화세포의 5년 생존율이 $78.8\%$로 고등도 분화세포의 $38.2\%$보다 거의 2배나 높았다. 암의 위치와 성별에 따른 생존율의 차이는 없었다. Minor salivary gland tumor는 6명으로 5년 보험생존률은 $32.3\%$였다. 따라서 주 타액선 종양의 생존율에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 예후 인자는 1) 병리조직학적 세포종류, 2) T와 N stages (AJCC), 3) mucoepidermoid carcinoma에 있어서 분화 정도 였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

목 적: 본 연구에서는 외이도 및 중이에 생긴 편평상피암의 치료에 있어서 방사선치료의 역할에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1981년부터 2007년까지 외이도 및 중이에 생긴 편평상피암으로 치료 받은 총 35명의 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 13명은 방사선치료 단독, 4명은 수술 단독, 18명은 수술 방사선 병용 요법으로 치료하였다. 방사선치료 단독군에서 조사된 중앙 방사선량은 66 Gy (범위, 39~70 Gy)이었고, 수술 방사선 병용 치료군에서는 61.2 Gy (범위, 44~70 Gy)를 조사하였다. 치료 방법에 따른 질병특이생존율 및 무국소진행생존율을 비교하였으며 추적관찰기간은 0.2~14.6년(중앙값 2.8년)이었다. 결 과: 3년 질병특이생존율 및 무국소진행생존율은 각각 80%, 63%이었다. 질병특이생존율에 관한 단변량 분석에서 전신수행상태 및 잔여 종양의 유무가 통계적인 유의성을 보여주었고, 무국소진행생존율에는 전신수행상태 및 조직학적 등급이 유의하였다. 치료 후 잔여 종양은 방사선 단독 치료군(69%)에서 수술 방사선 병용 치료군(28%)에 비해 많이 관찰 되었다. 비록 양군간에 질병특이생존율은 통계학적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만 방사선 단독 치료군에서 병용 치료군에 비해 조기 국소 재발의 빈도가 높았다. 결 론: 외이도 및 중이의 편평상피암 환자에서 방사선 단독 치료는 질병특이생존율에 있어서 수술 방사선 병용 치료와 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 그러나 낮은 국소 제어율을 높이기 위한 치료 방법의 향상이 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2000

목 적 : 중이염은 나이 어린 소아에 많이 발생하며 항생제가 흔히 처방되는 질환이 최근에는 세균의 항생제에 대한 내성률이 증가되고 있어 중이염 환자에서 항생제 선택이 신중해야 함이 심도 있게 거론되고 있다. 국내에서는 중이염에 대한 체계적인 연구가 부진한 상태이며 이에 저자들은 중이염의 원인 및 항생제 감수성을 파악하기 위하여 후향적으로 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 1994년 7월부터 1999년 6월까지 한양대학교병원 소아과 및 이비인후과에서 이루를 동반한 중이염으로 진단 받은 15세 미만의 소아 중 이루 배양 검사 결과 세균이 분리된 65명을 대상으로 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 총 65명의 환아 중 남자 37명(57%), 여자 28명(43%)이었으며 평균 나이는 2.9세로 나이가 어릴수록 많아 1세 미만 27명(41.5%), 1~3세 24명(36.9%)이었으며, 3세 이하가 78%를 차지하였다. 분리된 균주의 분포는 Staphylococcus aureus 32명(49.2%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 19명(29.2%), Haemophilus influenzae 9명(13.8%), Streptococcus oralis 3명(4.6%), Moraxella catarrhalis 1명(1.5%) 등이었다. 구순열/구개열을 동반한 9명(14%)의 환아에서 분리된 균주의 분포는 구순열/구개열을 동반하지 않은 환아에서와 유사하였다. 분리된 S. aureus의 항생제 내성률은, erythromycin, imipenem, cephalothin, clindamycin에 90% 이상, oxacillin 86.2%, chloramphenicol 25%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX) 12.5%, vancomycin과 teicoplanin에 0%이었다. S. pneumoniae의 내성률은 penicillin에 71.4%, erythromycin, tetracycline 및 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX) 60% 이상, chloramphenicol 7.1%, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin에는 0%이었다. H. influenzae의 내성률은 ampicillin, TMP-SMX에 각각 55.5%이었으나 chlroramphenicol, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin에는 모두 감수성이 있었다. 결 론 : 본 연구조사 결과 이루를 동반한 중이염의 원인은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae 및 H. influenzae로 판명되었으며, 분리된 균주들의 높은 항생제 내성률은 중이염의 치료를 위한 항생제 선택에 반영되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 향후 전향적인 고막천자를 이용한 연구조사가 이루어져 급성 중이염을 더 정확히 파악할 수 있어야겠다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2009

목 적 : 의미 있는 난청은 정상 신생아에서 1,000명당 1-3명의 비율로 발생하는 흔한 질환으로 신생아 중환자실 집중치료를 받은 경우 1,000명당 2-4명의 비율로 발생하는 것으로 보고되고 있고, 난청의 발생률이 높은 신생아 집중치료를 받은 신생아들도 보험혜택의 제한과 추적관찰 실패율이 높은 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 지난 5년간 신생아 집중치료실에서 퇴원한 아기들의 난청 발병률 및 외래추적 관찰률을 확인하고, 신생아중환자실에서의 청각 선별검사의 의의에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 3월부터 2008년 3월까지 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 신생아 중환자실에서 집중치료를 받은 총 2,137명 중 2,000명을 대상으로 하였다. 신생아 중환자실 퇴원하기 전 신경과에 의뢰되어 뇌간유발 반응검사(AEP)로 1차 선별검사를 시행 후 비정상으로 나올 경우 신생아중환자실내 혹은 이비인후과 및 신생아 외래에서 추적관찰을 하였다. 결 과 : 2,123명 중 67명이 재검판정을 받아 재검률은 3.35%이었고 52명이 2차 청력검사를 시행 받았다. 세 번 이상의 청력검사를 받고 최종적으로 16명(0.8%)이 치료적 중재가 필요하거나 언어치료와 함께 외래 추적관찰이 필요한 비정상군으로 분류되었다. 비정상군의 평균 재태주령은 36주 6일, 평균 출생체중은 2,180 g, 1분 평균 아프가 점수는 각각 1분에 5점, 5분에 7점이었으며, 1차부터 3차까지의 평균 청력 검사 시행일은 각각 17일, 53일, 152일이었다. 전체 16명 중 남아는 6명이었으며 양측성 청력손실 4명, 편측성 청력손실 2명이었고, 여아는 양측성 청력손실 6명, 편측성 청력손실 4명으로 전체 남녀의 비율은 1:1.67 이었다. 경증, 중증도, 중증 난청 환아 수는 각각 3명, 1명, 2명이었고 최중증 난청 환아는 9명으로 이 중 5명은 양측성 4명은 편측성 청력손실이 있었다. 16명중 5명은 대한민국 보험공단에서 제시하는 고위험군에 포함되는 위험요소가 없었다. 결 론 : 본원 신생아중환자실에서 집중치료를 받은 환아의 0.8%에서 인공와우이식이나 언어치료가 필요한 청각이상을 나타내었다. 이는 정상 신생아에서 보고되는 청각이상에 비하여 약 10배 가량 높은 비율로 향후 의료진들의 신생아 난청의 심각성에 대한 의식변화와 제도적인 측면에서 더 많은 뒷받침으로 향상된 예후를 기대하여 본다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 1998

Background & Objectives: Frameless fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy(FFSRT) is a modification of stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) with radiobiologic advantage of fractionation without losing mechanical accuracy of SRS. Local recurrence of head and neck cancer at or near skull base benefit from reirradiation. Main barrier to successful palliation is dose limitation secondary to normal tissue tolerance. We try to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FFSRT as a new modality of reirradaton in these challenging patients. Materials & Methods: Seven patients with recurrent head & neck cancer involving at or near skull base received FFSRT from September 1995 to November 1997. Six patients with nasopharyngeal cancer had received induction chemotherapy and curative radiation therapy. One patient with maxillary sinus cancer had received total maxillectomy and postoperative radiation therapy as a initial treatment. Follow-up ranged from 11 to 32 months with median of 24 months. Three of 7 patients received hyperfractionated radiation therapy(1.1-1.2Gy/fraction, bid, total 19.8-24Gy) just before FFSRT. All patients received FFSRT(3-5Gy/fraction, total 15-30Gy/5-10fractions). Chemotherapy(cis-platin $100mg/m^2$) were given concurrently with FFSRT in four patients. Second course of FFSRT were given in 4 patients with progression or recurrence after initial FFSRT. Because IF(irregularity factor; ratio of surface area of target to the surface area of sphere with same volume as a target) is too big to use conventional stereotactic RT using multiple arc method for protection of radiation damage to critical normal tissue, all patients received FFSRT with conformal method using irregular static ports. Results: Five of 7 patients showed complete remission in follow-up CT &/or MRI. Three of these five patients who developed marginal, in-field, and out-field recurrences, respectively. Another one of complete responders has been dead of G-I bleeding without evidence of local recurrence. One partial responder who showed progressive disease 15 months after initial FFSRT has received additional FFSRT, and then he is well-being with symptomatic improvement. One minmal responder who showed progression of locoregional disease 9 months after $1^{st}$ FFSRT has received 2nd FFSRT, and then he is alive with stable disease. Five of 7 case had showed direct invasion to skull base and had complaint headache and various symptoms of cranial nerve involvement. Four of these five case showed improvement of neurologic symptoms after FFSRT. No significant neurologic complicaltion related to FFSRT was observed during follow-up periods. Tumor volumes were ranged from 3.9 to 50.7 cc and surface area ranged from 16.1 to $114.9cm^2$. IF ranged from 1.21 to 1.74. The average ratio of volume of prescription isodose shell to target volume was 1.02 that indicated the improvement of target coverage and dose distribution with FFSRT with conformal method compared to target coverage with FFSRT with multiple arc method. Conclusion: Our initial experience suggests that FFSRT with conformal method was relatively effective and safe modality in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer involving at or near skull base. Treatment benefit included good palliation of symptoms and reasonable radiographic response. However, more experience and additional follow-up are needed to better assess its ultimate role in treating these challenging patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1999

Objectives: To study the clinical features of the primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and to evaluate the implication of immunophenotyping as a prognostic factor. Patients and Methods: From January 1990 to December 1997,41 patients(median age, 41 years) of primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied. The clinical records and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were reviewed retrospectively. The histologic features, immunophenotypic findings(pan-T, pan-B, CD3, CD56) and Epstein-Barr virus in situ hybridizatios were examined. The prognostic factors for clinical outcome were evaluated in these patients. According to Ann-Arbor system, there were 30 patiets(73%) with stage IE, 4(10%) with stage IIE, 3(7%) with stage IIIE, 4(10%) with stage IVE lymphoma. Among the patients with stage IE/IIE, 4 patients received local radiation alone, 4 received chemotherapy alone, 25 received combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 1 refused treatment. The patients with stage IIIE/IVE were given combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: Immunophenotyping were performed in 40 patients and staining results were as follows: 3(7%) patients with B cell, 17(42%) with T cell, 18(44%) with NK/T cell(CD56 positive), and two patients with unclassifiable result. Epstein-Barr(EB) virus in situ hybridization were performed in 28 patients and 23(82%) patients had positive EBV-encoded RNAs(EBERs). 21(55%) patients achieved a complete remission. There was no difference in complete remission between radiation alone and combination therapy. With median follow-up of 30 months, 5-years disease free survival of complete responders was 60% and 5-years overall survival rate was 36%. Multivariate analysis showed that better overall survival was related with absence of B symptoms, ECOG performance${\leq}1$ and non-NK cells. Conclusion: Most of all cases were positive for EBER. Since NK/T phenotype carried the worst prognosis, analysis for CD56 expression should be done. Further prospective studies were warranted to evaluate the role of chemotherapy in stage IE/IIE.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.367-382
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• 1997

The author analyzed 46 cases of allergic rhinitis patients, who were treated in the Kwang-ju Oriental Medical Hospital of Wonkwang University from January 1997 to April 1996. I've examined the 46 cases in the view of age and sex distribution, seasonal distribution, distribution of the job, duration of the disease, past history, family history, distribution of complicated signs, the degree of recovery about the total patient, the relationship of the ages and the remedial value, the relationship of the duration of disease and the remedial value. The following results are obtained. 1. The ratio of under teenagers was $32.61\%$(15 cases), teenagers was $30.43\%$(11 cases), 2th decade was $17.39\%$(8 cases), 3th decade was $17.39\%$(8 cases), 4th decade was $4.35\%$(2 cases), 5th decade was $2.17\%$(1 case), over sixty was $2.17\%$(1 case). 2. The ratio of the male was $58.70\%$(27 cases) and femal was $41.30\%$(19 cases). 3. The ratio of spring was $21.74\%$(10 cases), summer was $8.70\%$(4 cases), fall was $43.48\%$(20 cases), winter was $43.48\%$(20 cases) and unknown was $10.87\%$(5 cases). 4. The ratio of the students was $45.65\%$(21 cases), house-wives was $15.22\%$(7 cases), office men was $10.87\%$(5 cases), farmers was $4.35\%$(2 cases), driver was $2.17\%$(1 case) and unemployed was $21.74\%$(10 cases). 5. The ratio of the under six months was $8.70\%$(4 cases), under 1 year was $17.39\%$(8 cases), under 3 years was $32.60\%$(15 cases), over 3 years was $41.31\%$(19 cases). 6. The ratio of atopic dermatitis was $32.61\%$(15 cases), allergic dermatitis was $21,74\%$(10 cases), the asthma was $17.39\%$(8 cases), digestion disorder was $6.52\%$(3 cases) and etc. 7. The ratio of paternal line was $21.74\%$(10 cases), maternal line was $13.04\%$(6 cases), paternal and maternal lines was $4.35\%$(2 cases), brother or sisters was $13.04\%$(6 cases) and non-significant was $47.83\%$(22 cases). 8. The ratio of sneezing was $100\%$(46 cases) , nasal discharge was $100\%$(46 cases), nasal obstruction was $86.96\%$(40 cases), pruritus was $45.65\%$(21 cases), headache was $13.04\%$(6 cases), asthma was $10.87\%$(5 cases), digestion disorder was $6.52\%$(3 cases), light phovia was $6.52\%$(3 cases), tears was $4.35\%$(2 cases), nosebreeding was $2.17\%$(1 case). 9. The total remedial value of the 46 patients was revealed $52.17\%$. 10. The remedial value of under teenagers, teenagers were higher than the total remedial value($52.17\%$). 11. The remedial value of under 6 months, under 1 year were higher than the total remedial value($52.17\%$). These results demonstrated that in the point of remedial view, the patients who were younger and shorter of the duration of disease, would be well recovered.