• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-253
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• 2012

Bone mineral density (BMD) is used in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis and the assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporosis, characterized mainly by decreased BMD, is a highly heritable complex disorder and a major public health concern to hundreds of millions of elderly persons worldwide. However, the specific genetic variants determining risk for low bone density are still largely unknown. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 gene with low bone density. By examining genotype data of a total of 1813 women in the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study, we discovered the ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased BMD and osteoporosis. The results on the BD-RT (bone density estimated by T-score at distal radius), three SNPs (rs2248586, rs9371557, and rs1569788) within the ESR1 gene were significantly associated with bone density. The results on the BD-TT (bone density estimated by T-score at midshaft tibia), five SNPs (rs9371552, rs2248586, rs712221, rs7772475, and rs3798577) were significantly associated with bone density. The SNP rs2248586 within the ESR1 gene had commonly significance in both BD-RT (${\beta}$=-0.151, dominant P=0.049) and BD-TT (${\beta}$=-0.156, dominant P=0.039). In the SNP rs2248586, their ${\beta}$-values in BD-RT and/or BD-TT showed consistent trends with the odds ratios (ORs) of osteoporosis. In summary, we found statistically significant SNPs in ESR1 gene that are associated with both decreased BMD and osteoporosis traits. Therefore, our findings suggest ESR1 gene could be related to pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.933-937
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a diagnostic screening tool for the early detection of osteoporosis in persons with a predisposition for this condition and to facilitate effective management of the disease. Data are collected using questionnaires. The subjects are 120 women in a small city OB-GY clinic in South Korea, who are 6 months or more post menopausal and who have been examined for BMD. Two items in general syndrome of kidney vacuity(Shin Hur) : hears noises like streaming water or the sound of shrill chirrups of a cicada (OR=3.34, p<0.1), feels twinges in the back and knee(OR=4.10, p<0.05), one item in kidney yin vacuity: feels thirst and gets sore throat(OR=8.5, p<0.01) were proven as statistically significant risk factors in the identification of osteoporosis (Odds Ratio). The predictability score was 86.36%, and ROC curve was 0.84. This study attempted to identify risk factors in female osteoporosis so as to develop a screening tool for the purposes of early diagnosis, the effective management of osteoporosis patients and to modify the progress of their disease. Further studies are needed to elaborate this tool's ability to identify contributing factors in osteoporosis as defined by diagnostic evidence predicted by Oriental Medicine Theory.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and results in vulnerability to fracture. Calcium and vitamin D are known to play an important role in bone health. Recently, potassium has been identified as another important factor in skeletal health. We examined the link between potassium intake and bone health among the Korean older adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 8,732 men and postmenopausal women over 50 years old who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) between 2008 and 2011. Potassium consumption was evaluated using a 24-hour recall method. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at three sites (total hip, femur neck, and lumbar spine) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the link between potassium intake and prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, after controlling for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The BMD of the total femur and Ward's triangle were significantly different according to the potassium intake among men (P = 0.031 and P = 0.010, respectively). Women in the top tertile for potassium intake showed higher BMD than those in the bottom tertile at all measurement sites (all P < 0.05). Daily potassium intake was significantly related to a decreased risk of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women (odds ratios: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.96, P trend = 0.031). However, the dietary potassium level was not related to the risk of osteoporosis in men. CONCLUSION: Current findings indicate that higher dietary potassium levels have a favorable effect on bone health and preventing osteoporosis in older Korean women.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. The diagnostic methods for osteoporosis include simple radiography, bone scan, DXA (Dual energy X-ray Absortiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimal treatment and prevention of osteoporosis require modification of risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, adequate physical activity, and attention to diet, in addition to pharmacologic intervention. The estrogens and raloxifene both prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, and the estrogens probably also decrease the risk of first fracture. There is good evidence that raloxifene prevents further fractures in postmenopausal women who already have had fractures and some evidence that estrogen does as well. Bisphosphonate prevents bone loss and reduces fractures in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women and in osteoporotic men as well. Risedronate is more potent and has fewer side effects than alendronate and reduces the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic women. Calcitonin increases bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis, and also reduces the risk of new fractures in osteoporotic women. All of the agents discussed above prevent bone resorption, whereas teriparatide and strontium increase bone formation and are effective in the treatment of osteoporotic women and men. New avenues for targeting osteoporosis will emerge as our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling increases, although issues of tissue specificity may remain to be addressed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Background: Prevention of osteoporosis and bone fracture is one of the important issues for liver transplant recipients because a long history of liver disease and lifelong use of immunosuppressants, including corticosteroids, may cause these diseases. In this study, we aimed to analyze liver recipient bone status, 10-year fracture risk, and medication history. Methods: The electronic medical records of adult patients aged >40 years who received liver transplantation at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2009 and June 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. On the basis of their bone mineral density and fracture history, their fracture risks were analyzed using the Korean fracture risk assessment tool. Results: A total of 57 liver transplant recipients were treated with corticosteroids during a mean of 8.8 months after transplantation. 30 patients (52.6%) showed bone metabolism dysfunction such as osteopenia or osteoporosis. The 10-year femoral fracture risk was 2.1%, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry monitoring was performed, including right before liver transplantation every 27.5±19.2 months. The mean femoral bone mineral density decreased by -7.2%±7.3%. Four patients (7.0%) had a fracture after liver transplantation. Osteoporotic fracture occurred in 3 patients with osteoporosis (25.0%). Among the osteopenia patients with moderate fracture risk who were not treated with bisphosphonate, 1 patient (12.5%) had a history of bone fracture after liver transplantation. Conclusions: Considering the deterioration of bone density and moderate fracture risk, medication for osteoporosis should be prescribed to liver transplant recipients with regular monitoring of bone density after transplantation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2004

The osteoporosis is a disease characterized by lower bone mineral content, deterioration of bone tissue and a reduction in the protein and mineral matrix of the bone. The bone becomes more porous leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture, particularly of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis can result in disfigurement, lowered self·esteem, reduction or loss of mobility, and decreased independence. Adequate calcium intake through milk and milk products in childhood and adolescence is a decisive marker for obtaining a maximum bone mass (peak adult bone mass) and f3r the prevention of osteoporosis. Calcium is one of the most critical nutrients associated with the osteoporosis. Dietary calcium is of great significance for healthy skeletal growth and development. The bone mineral content and bone mineral density of young adults is directly related to the calcium intake through milk and dairy products. Milk and milk products are the important sources of calcium as the richness and bioavailability of this nutrient is very high as compared to other food products. If enough calcium is not supplemented through diet, calcium from the bone will be depleted to maintain the blood plasma calcium level. The article focuses on the various issues related to osteoporosis manifestation and the role of dietary calcium especially calcium derived from dairy products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

Generally, the osteoporosis of a middle-aged women have been reported that was a high risk in underweight, but the obese women have feasible osteoporosis. Therefor, the subjects were 120 middle-aged women that were diagnosed with osteoporosis in the bone mineral densitometer (BMD), this study was done for the purpose of analyzing the relationship between osteoporosis and body mass index (BMI) of the middle-aged women. We were determined BMI which was less than 18.5 underweight, 18.5 to 22.9 normal, 23.0 to 24.9 overweight, 25.0 to 29.9 obesity and extremely obesity were more than 30. When we examined the BMI distribution of the subjects, it was 2 women (1.7%) for underweight, 18 women (15.0%) for normal, 19 women (15.8%) for overweight, 75 women (62.5%) for obesity and 6 women (5.0%) for extremely obesity. Also, the relationship between osteoporosis and BMI of the subjects, it was the osteoporosis in 13 cases out of 18 (72.2%) with normal, in 14 case out of 19 (73.7%) with overweight, in 63 case out of 75 (84%) with obesity, in 5 case out of 6 (83.3%) with extremely obesity, besides, the osteoporosis usually marks the highest in a BMI with obesity. In conclusion, the result of analyzing the relationship between osteoporosis and BMI, we found out that the osteoporosis of the middle-aged women was high risk with obesity, and that was mostly higher the osteopenia rather than osteoporosis.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2020

We report a case of a healthy 38-year-old man presenting with insufficiency fracture of proximal tibia associated with unrecognized osteoporosis. Radiologic bone DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) assessment revealed osteoporosis, but the patient displayed no apparent risk factors for insufficiency fractures and osteoporosis except for a history of smoking. Following right proximal tibial open reduction and internal fixation, the patient commenced smoking cessation and began taking alendronate. The patient was treated for gait rehabilitation, which included quadriceps strengthening exercises and his condition improved with independent walking. This report highlights an unusual site of proximal tibial insufficiency fractures and the potential effect of smoking on low bone mineral density in a young male patient.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2010

Several risk factors for osteoporosis are known relatively well. Some nutrients are directly or indirectly needed for metabolic processes related to bone. Recently, an increased prevalence of osteoporosis has been reported in patients with hemochromatosis, an iron overload disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out if there was any relationship between serum ferritin and T-score of bone mineral density in healthy women. We recruited 1,101 subjects females aged between 39 and 85 years. We measured serum ferritin, glucose tolerance indices, lipid profiles, inflammatory indices, hormones, calcium, alkaline phosphatase. Also, anthropometric, blood pressure, and bone mineral density measurements were performed. T-score was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.425; P<0.01), systolic (r=-0.109; P<0.01) and diastolic (r=-0.093; P<0.01) pressure, follicular stimulation hormone (r=-0.190; P<0.01), alkaline phosphatase (r=-0.235; P<0.01), and serum ferritin (r=-0.090; P<0.05) and positively with body mass index (r=0.050; P=0.01), HDL-cholesterol (r=0.314; P<0.01), and estradiol (r=0.200; P<0.01). After adjustment for age, alkaline phosphatase, body mass index, HDL-cholesterol, estradiol, and follicular stimulation hormone, serum ferritin was independently inversely correlated with T-score (${\beta}$=-0.001; P<0.05). It is possible that an increase of serum ferritin in females be risk to osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.532-542
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• 2002

Purpose: This study were to investigate BMD of middle-aged women and to examine the relationships between BMD and Physical, Obstetric characteristics Method: The data was collected from 119 healthy women who were 40-60 years old. they were examined for BMD at 4 regions(forearm, lumbar, femur, whole body), %fat by DEXA and investigated physical, obstetric characteristics using scale, questionnaire from January to March, 2001. Result: 1) According to bone diagnostic results by WHO classification, 95.8% of forearm and whole body BMD were normal but 21.8-48.7% of lumbar and femur BMD(neck, trochanter, ward's triangle) were diagnosed osteoporosis or osteopnea. 2) The bones were significantly positive correlations of each other (r=.19-.69, p=.04-.00) and there were significant correlations between BMD and physical, obstetric characteristics such as age (r=-.22, p=.02), weight(r=.36~.48, p=.00), height(r=.22, p=.02), %fat(r=.19, p=.04) and age of first delivery(r=-.28, p=.00). Conclusion: Based on this study, healthy middle-aged women were also exposed to risk of osteoporosis related to aging, change of physical conditions or hormonal release. Further research to develop nursing interventions for the purpose of preventing osteoporosis by modifying risk factors is suggested.