• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.479-483
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• 2013

The balance between osteoblast-dependent bone formation and osteoclast-dependent bone resorption maintains bone homeostasis. In inflammatory conditions, this balance shifts toward bone resorption, causing osteolytic bone lesions observed in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. A recently discovered family of cytokine IL-17 is widely reported to mediate diverse inflammatory processes. During the last decade, novel roles for IL-17 in skeletal homeostasis have been discovered indicating the potential importance of this cytokine in bone metabolism. This review will summarize and discuss the involvement of IL-17 during bone homeostasis in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. A better understanding of the role of IL-17 in skeletal systems warrants an advance in bone biology, as well as development of therapeutic strategies against bone-lytic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1566-1571
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• 2008

Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly resorbed by osteoclasts and then replaced by osteoblasts. Osteoclasts, multinucleated cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone disorders, including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we examined the effect of the curcumin on osteoclast survival and bone resorption. We found that curcumin significantly inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast survival. DAPI stainingrevealed that curcumin induced the apoptotic features of osteoclasts. Although curcumin did not suppress the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in osteoclasts treated with RANKL, curcumin induced the cleavage of pro-caspase-9 and -3 its active forms. Also, curcumin inhibited the formation of actin rings of osteoclasts. RANKL-mediated bone resorption was inhibited by the addition of curcumin. Together with the results of this study, these findings suggest that the curcumin inhibited the survival of osteoclasts by activating caspase-9 and -3 and suppressed the bone resorptive activity. Thus, curcumin may be developed as antiresorptive drugs for the treatment of bone-related disorders.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1199-1203
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of polycalcium (a mixture of Polycan and calcium lactate-gluconate 1:9 [g/g]) on osteoporosis using in vitro assays. Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities of osteoblasts (human primary osteoblasts) and osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells (murine osteoclast progenitor cells) treated with different concentrations of polycalcium for various periods were assessed. Osteoblast proliferation was stimulated and prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. These results support the development of ideal anti-osteoporotic agents, such as polycalcium, that exhibit properties that accelerate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.364-371
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• 2022

The bones of the human body support the structures of the body and provide protection for a person's internal organs. Bone metabolic diseases are on the rise due to a significant increase in life expectancy over a short period of time. Therefore, we investigated the osteoblast differentiation promoting and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities of fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf). We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 mouse calvarial-derived osteoblasts. We also evaluated expression of ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which regulate osteoblast differentiation. To assess effects on osteoclast formation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells was analyzed. ALP activity increased by 121-136% and 140-156%, respectively in the presence of HR1901-BS and HR1901-BSaf. Expression of osteoblast differentiation factor also increased significantly. We also confirmed that HR1901-BS and HR1901-BSaf decreased TRAP activity in osteoclasts by 35-47% and 23-39%, respectively. Our results showed that fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf) increase bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibit bone resorption activity in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, fermented Benincasa hispida cong. (HR1901-BS, HR1901-BSaf) can be used as an effective natural resource for preventing and treating bone-related diseases.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 2017

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass resulting from an increase in bone resorption relative to bone formation. The most current therapies for osteoporosis have focused on inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. The purpose of this study is to develop new anabolic agents for treatment of osteoporosis that have fewer risks compared to conventional therapies. We searched the natural products that were derived from the traditional Asian medicines which have been used for treatment of bone related diseases. Icaritin is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the herb Epimedium which has beneficial effects on bone formation. To determine the effect of icaritin on bone formation, we examined the effect of icaritin on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. For determining the effects of icaritin on proliferation, we performed the MTT assay using MC3T3-E1 cells. To evaluate whether icaritin could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined. Icaritin increased MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Icaritin increased the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on 72 hour culture in osteogenic media. mRNA expression of Runx2 was increased after 24 hour culture with icaritin. mRNA expression of osteocalcin was increased after 72 hour culture with icaritin. In addition, icaritin increased the mRNA expressions of OPG and RANKL. However, icaritin increased the mRNA expression of OPG much more than that of RANKL, and then, it increased the OPG/RANKL ratio. These results suggest that icaritin promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and decreases osteoclast formation regulated by osteoblasts.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Objectives: Osteoporosis is considered a serious human disease. We developed an extract of mixed herbs containing root of Platycodon grandiflorum (ExMH-PGR), which is expected to be effective in preventing or treating osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effect of ExMH-PGR in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: To examine the anti-osteoporotic effect of ExMH-PGR, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were induced and cultured with various concentrations of ExMH-PGR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the formation of actin ring in RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed. Results: ExMH-PGR at concentration up to $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased ALP activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. ExMH-PGR at 50 to $200{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited TRAP activity and the formation of actin ring in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that ExMH-PGR stimulates osteoblastic activities and inhibits osteoclastic activities in in vitro systems, suggesting that ExMH-PGR might be considered as an anti-osteoporotic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2017

Metallic biomaterials have been mainly used for the fabrication of medical devices for the replacement of hard tissue such as artificial hip joints, bone plates, and dental implants. Because they are very reliable on the viewpoint of mechanical performance. This trend is expected to continue. Especially, Ti and Ti alloys are bioinert. So, they do not chemically bond to the bone, whereas they physically bond with bone tissue. For their poor surface biocompatibility, the surface of Ti alloys has to be modified to improve the surface osteoinductivity. Recently, ceramic-like coatings on titanium, produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), have been developed with calciumand phosphorus-enriched surfaces. A lso included the influences of coatings, which can accelerate healing and cell integration, as well as improve tribological properties. However, the adhesions of these coatings to the Ti surface need to be improved for clinical use. Particularly Silicon (Si) has been found to be essential for normal bone, cartilage growth and development. This hydroxyapatite, modified with the inclusion of small concentrations of silicon has been demonstrating to improve the osteoblast proliferation and the bone extracellular matrix production. Strontium-containing hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) was designed as a filling material to improve the biocompatibility of bone cement. In vitro, the presence of strontium in the coating enhances osteoblast activity and differentiation, whereas it inhibits osteoclast production and proliferation. The objective of this work was to study Morphology of bone-like apatite formation on Sr and Si-doped hydroxyapatite surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after plasma electrolytic oxidation. Anodized alloys was prepared at 270V~300V voltages with various concentrations of Si and Sr ions. Bone-like apatite formation was carried out in SBF solution. The morphology of PEO, phase and composition of oxide surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.108-118
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• 1990

It is well known that the glucocorticoid suppresses the osteoblast and the calcitonin suppresses the osteoclast. If the calcitonin prevents the osteoporosis with increased Tc-99m MDP uptake in the long-term use of glucocorticoid, then the calcitonin has some activating effect on the bone formation. The immobilization operation was done on the left hind-leg of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 300 g each. For 12 weeks after operation,8 rats were injected 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone, and the other 8 rats were injected 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone and $1\;\bar{u}/kg$ eel calcitonin. The bone mineral content was measured by the single photon absorptiometry and the Tc-99m MDP uptake was used as an index of the osteoblastic activity. 1) The Tc-99m MDP uptakes in the dexamethasone treated group were lower than those in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group, and there was no significant difference in Tc-99m MDP uptakes between the immobilized and normal femurs. 2) The bone mineral contents in the dexamethasone treated group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group, and the immobilized femurs had tower BMC than normal femurs. 3) The slope of regression between the BMC and Tc-99m MDP uptake was stiff in the dexamethasone treated group, and flat in the dexamethasone and calcitonin group, which shows discrepancy between the bone resorption and formation resulting prevention of net bone loss in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group. In conclusion, the calcitonin has some effect on the bone formation, and further studies with urinary hydroxyproline and cyclic AMP are expected.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.513-523
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• 2010

Cytokines that bind to and signal through the gp130 co-receptor subunit include interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and ciliary neutrophic factor (CNTF). Apart from contributing to inflammation, gp130 signalling cytokines also function in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Expression of each of these cytokines and their ligand-specific receptors is observed in bone and joint cells, and bone-active hormones and inflammatory cytokines regulate their expression. gp130 signalling cytokines have been shown to regulate the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Furthermore, cytokine and receptor specific gene-knockout mouse models have identified distinct roles for each of these cytokines in regulating bone resorption, bone formation and bone growth. This review will discuss the current models of paracrine and endocrine actions of gp130-signalling cytokines in bone remodelling and growth, as well as their impact in pathologic bone remodelling evident in periodontal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathies and osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.34-44
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• 2003

Objective : Bone homeostasis is maintained by balance of bone formation and resorption. Therefore, bone related diseases arose by disturbance of this balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activities. To develop a successful screening system the therapeutic components based on oriental medicine is essential to set up systematic approach for that purpose. The purpose of this study is to the know the gene expression using cDNA microarray assay. Methods : Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu Herbal-acupuncture extract was prepared by boiling. human osteosarcoma cells(HOS) were treated with Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu Herbal-acupuncture solution. Then mRNA was extracted and cDNA microarray assay was performed. Results : Human osteosarcoma cells(HOS) treated with Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu Herbal-acupuncture solution($500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) showed that thioredoxin, TAFII31 and two novel genes were increased. However many genes decreased their expression by Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu Herbal-acupuncture. Conclusions : This type of approach will give a good chance to explore the favorable effects of Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu Herbal-acupuncture. Further study is needed for investigating the effect of Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu Herbal-acupuncture.