• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.823-832
• /
• 2004

Atmospheric aerosol particles collected in Seoul on four single days, each in every seasons of 2001, were characterized and classified on the basis of their chemical species using low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA). Low-Z particle EPMA technique can analyze both the size and the chemical species of individual aerosol particles of micrometer size and provide detailed information on the size distribution of each chemical species. The major chemical species observed in Seoul aerosol were aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, organic, carbon-rich, marine originated, and ammonium sulfate particles, etc. The soil originated species, such as aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, and calcium carbonate were the most popular in the coarse fraction, meanwhile, carbonaceous and ammonium sulfate were the dominant species found in the fine fraction. Marine originated species such as sodium nitrate was frequently encountered, up to 30% of the analyzed aerosol particles.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.428-435
• /
• 2015

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed for each soil horizon to estimate hydraulic characteristics of mountainous forest soils in South Korea. Twenty one dominant soil series from 8 soil catenae such as granite-originated catena and volcanic ash-originated catena were selected for the study; gravel contents of selected soils were 10% or lower. Saturated conductivity (Ks) was measured for each horizon in situ. Particle size distribution and organic matter content of each horizon were also determined. Based on correlation analysis with total data set, sand separate showed positive relationship with Ks ($r=0.24^*$) while clay separate had negative relationship with Ks ($r=-0.29^{**}$). The correlation coefficients of sand, clay, and organic matter content with Ks increased to $0.41^{**}$, $-0.67^{***}$, and $0.58^{***}$, respectively, using data from granite- or gneiss-originated catena with exception of volcanic ash-originated catena and sedimentary rock-originated catena. Determination coefficients of PTFs were 0.31 for A horizon, 0.25 for B, and 0.35 for C with all data set while those were 0.74 for A, 0.48 for B, and 0.54 for C. Organic matter was a dominant factor affecting Ks in A horizon but clay content was selected as the only factor influencing Ks in C horizon. It implies that PTFs should be developed with understanding characteristics of parent materials and horizons. Developed PTFs for granite- or gneiss-originated catena were following: A horizon: Log ($K_s{\times}10^7$) = -0.031C + 0.398OM + 3.49 B horizon: Log ($K_s{\times}10^7$) = -0.028C + 0.141OM + 4.05 C horizon: Log ($K_s{\times}10^7$) = -0.072C + 4.66 where C is clay separate (%) and OM is organic matter content ($g\;kg^{-1}$). The unit of Ks is cm $sec^{-1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2004

Many companies of the world have applied the TQM, which was originated from Japanese management style, to increase their competitiveness. It is not so easy to implement successfully the management practices originated from the foreign countries, which are usually mixed with specific cultures and management systems of their own. Some American companies created some best practices such as 6 sigma approach for applying TQM by creative benchmarking. This Paper Presents some issues for creative benchmarking for Korean companies through the analysis of the creative benchmarking processes of the successful American companies.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 1999

We have experienced a case of metastatic brain tumor originated from lung cancer treated by oriental medicine (Herbal medication, Acupuncture therapy, Moxa therapy) and We have a good result from that case to report it. According to the therapentic effects, it could be suggeted that Younggyaechulgamtanggagambang extracts and oriental medical symptomatic treatment were significant in improvement of the patient.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 1989

To establish a lawn Zoysia japonica Steud with seeds a win of experiments were conducted for the investigation of seedling root system. The results m summarized m follows; Zoysia japonica and maize elongated mesocotyle in germinating stage. but rye and barley did not. The mesocotyle of Z. japonica seed pushed the elongating coleoptile up throngh the soil, hence could emerge from more deeply planted. The crown roots of Z japonica originated from the coleoptile node. The crown roots of barley originated from the first foliage led node.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.499-501
• /
• 1972

The origin of the 15 levator menti muscles were examined by dissection. The cadavers had been fixed in formalin. The following observations were made. Sixty-six per cent of the muscles examined originated on the crest of the bone of the residual ridge. Twenty per cent of the muscles originated between the crest of the residual ridge and the fornix of the Iabial vestibule.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish literatural evidence about thermotherapy and cryotherapy for Korean medicine through literatural review. Methods : Applicable paragraphs which were related to the thermotherapy and cryotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian were phrased from in "Yibujicheng(醫部集成) and "Dongyibaojian(東醫寶鑑)" where were archiving of Oriental or Korean medicine literatures. Searched paragraphs were analysed for establishing historical and theoretical bases of thermotherapy and cryotherapy in Korean medicine. Results : Thermotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian(經皮經筋溫熱療法) such as hot pack, warm water therapy, paraffin bath, ultrasound is originated from yu(慰) warm water(溫水) hot water(熱水). Matching indications are various pain conditions(caused by coldness(寒), hard-work(僗若), extravasated blood(瘀血), inflammatory skin disease, frostbite and several internal diseases. It also treats gynecological diseases and facial palsy. Diathermic therapy on acupuncture points(穴位照射溫熱療法) such as infra-red, microwave, shortwave is originated from huolu(火爐), wenlu(溫爐), xianglu(香爐), lamp light(燈火). Its objective is to improve the effects of herb medicine by aiding sweating or to treat the residual symptoms of fever disease or to care skin disease and pain from bone fracture, contusion. Cryotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian(經皮經筋溫寒冷療法) such as ice pack, ice spray, iced whirpool, cool water bath is originated from lengfu(冷敷), lengtie(冷貼), lengshiyu(冷石熨). Matching indications are contusions, animal bite injury, corn(肉刺) and (淋病), eye disease, nasal bleeding, hemorrhoid, inflammatory skin disease and chicken pox. Conclusions : Thermotherapy and cryotherapy of cutaneous and muscle meridian(經皮經筋溫冷療法) are the treatments which were used in Korean medicine from the ancient Korean medicine. As scientific equipments were originated from yu(慰), huolu(火爐), wenlu(溫爐), xianglu(香爐), lamp light(燈火). lengfu(冷敷), lengtie(冷貼), lengshiyu(冷石熨). It can be said that these are elements of Korean medicine. More rigorous studies are needed to establish clinical evidence about not only thermotherapy and cryotherapy but also the other physiotherapy of Korean medicine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2008

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is one of the mesenchymal tumors originated from gastrointestinal submucosa. A 10 year-old, male, mixed breed dog with persistent diarrhea, anorexia and lethargy was referred to Haemaru Animal Referral Hospital. Large mass originated from the transverse colon was observed and large amount of ascites and free gas were found on abdominal radiography and ultrasonography. The ascites was septic exudate mixed with bacteria that consisted with intestinal perforation. There was no metastatic lesion. This mass was tentatively diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and lymphosarcoma and surgical resection and histilogical examination were planned. However, according to owner's request, the patient was euthanized and then the necropsy was performed. About 10 cm sized mass originated from the cecum, ascending colon and transverse colon was adhered to surrounding mesentery and the perforation and large amount of ascites were observed. GIST was suspected on histopathologic examination and confirmed according to CD 117 expression in immunohistochemistry. GIST, derived from interstitial cells of Cajal, can be distinguished from LMS and leiomyoma (LM) on the basis of expression of CD117 (KIT) immunohistochemically. GIST has a different biological behavior and clinical course compared with LMS and LM, therefore definite diagnosis for GIST using immunohistochemistry is clinically important to predict the precise prognosis of the patient.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2008

Objective : To understand the anatomic characteristics of the aortic arch (AA) and its major branches to build a foundation toward performing endovascular surgery safely. Methods : A total of 25 formalin fixed Korean adult cadavers were used. The authors investigated : anatomical variations of the AA and its major branches; curvature of the AA; distance from the mid-vertebrae line to the origin of the major branches; distances from the origin of the major branches of AA to the origin of its distal branches; and the angle of the three major branches, the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT), the left common carotid artery (LCCA) and the left subclavian artery (LSCA) arising from AA. Results : The three major branches directly originated from AA in 21 (84%) of the cadavers. In two (8%) of remaining four cadavers. orifice of LCCA was slightly above the stem of BCT. In remaining two (8%) cadavers, the left vertebral artery (LVA) was directly originated from AA. Average angle of AA curvature to the coronal plane was 62.2 degrees. BCT originated 0.92 mm on the right of the mid-vertebrae line. LCCA and LSCA originated from 12.3 mm and 22.8 mm on the left of the mid-vertebrae line. Mean distance from the origin of the BCT to the origin of the RCCA was 32.5 mm. Mean distance from the origin of the LSCA to the origin of the LVA was 33.8 mm. Average angles at which the major branches arise from the AA were 65.3, 46.9 and 63.8 degrees. Conclusion : This study may provides a basic anatomical information to catheterize AA and its branches for safely performing endovascular surgery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.487-490
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The latissimus dorsi flap and the serratus anterior flap have been used as combined flaps to reconstruct extensive defects. Because these two muscles are usually supplied by the subscapular-thoracodorsal vessels, the two flaps can be based on vascular pedicle that is long and anatomically reliable. In this case, we reported that serratus anterior possessed an anomalous arterial supply totally independent from the subscapular pedicle while raising combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flap. Methods: A 35-year-old male with extensive soft tissue defect in the left perineum and thigh visited. Muscle defects of the medial thigh were observed, and femoral nerve and vessels were exposed. Combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior free flap was raised to reconstruct defect. On raising flaps, artery supplying the serratus anterior muscle originated from the axillary artery directly, was lying on the undersurface of the serratus anterior muscle. Results: Because two flap pedicles had no communication and latissimus dorsi muscle was large enough to cover soft tissue defect, we transferred only latissimus dorsi free flap with 1 : 3 meshed skin graft. Patient had limb salvage and satisfactory functional outcome. Conclusion: There are many variations of arterial pedicles of flaps. However, most of these variations remain within known anatomical consistence, thus is an indicator in planning the dissection of the vessels. According to documents, arterial pedicle to the serratus muscle not originated from the thoracodorsal artery is rarely reported, and in most of these cases, the arteries are originated from the subscapular artery. Thus pedicle directly originated from the axillary artery to serratus muscle is a very rare variation in its vascular anatomy.