• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2015

Controlled broadband acoustic scattering laboratory experiments were conducted using a linear chirp signal (95-220 kHz), and x-ray images of live and model fish with an artificial swim bladder were analyzed to investigate the changes in orientation and frequency dependence of target strength (TS) due to morphological differences in fish swim bladders. The broadband echoes from live and model fish were measured over an orientation angle range of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ in the dorsal plane and in approximately $1^{\circ}$ increments. The location of nulls in the simulated echo response of the SINC [sinc function] model was overlaid on the TS map, showing the orientation and frequency dependence of fish TS, and they matched very well. It was possible to infer the equivalent fish scattering size (or swim bladder) using the null spacing in the experimentally obtained broadband TS map. Good agreement was observed for inferring the equivalent scattering size between the SINC model and the broadband echoes measured for the three fish species (black scraper Thamnaconus modestus; goldeye rockfish Sebastes thompsoni; and whitesaddled reef fish Chromis notatus). Some results of this inference are discussed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 2002

In order to elucidate the crystallographic orientation dependence of electrical properties of carbon (C)-doped GaAs epilayers, C incorporation into GaAs epilayers on high-index GaAs substrates with various crystallographic orientations from (100) to (111)A has been performed by a low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using C tetrabromide ($CBt_4$) as a C source. The hole concentration of C-doped GaAs epilayers rapidly decreases with a hump at (311)A with increasing the offset angle. Although the growth temperature and the V/III ratio are varied, the crystallographic orientation dependence of hole concentration show a same trend. The above behaviors indicate that the bonding strength of As sites on a glowing surface plays an important role in the C incorporation into the high-index GaAs substrates.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.77-81
• /
• 2021

복합재료의 높은 비강도와 비강성으로 인해 복합재료는 다양한 산업분야에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 특히, 탄소 섬유 강화 복합재는 많은 기계적인 구조물에 널리 사용된다. 또한 이방성 특성을 갖는 탄소 섬유 강화복합재는 금속 재료와 달리 섬유 방향에 따라 피로 거동을 이해하는 것은 구조 설계에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비낌 축(off-axis) 시편에 따라 복합재료의 피로 수명에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 이를 위해 복합재료의 비낌 축 시편(0°, 10°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°)에 대해 인장 및 피로 시험을 수행하였다. 피로 시험 결과, 복합재의 피로 강도는 섬유 방향이 0도로부터 조금 벗어날수록 피로 강도가 크게 감소하였으며 많이 벗어날수록 적게 감소하였다. 이는 적층 각이 커질수록 섬유의 하중을 지지하는 역할이 감소했기 때문이다. 또한 복합재의 피로 선도에 비낌 축 각도를 평준화하는 피로 강도 비율을 도입하여 피로 수명의 경향을 분석하였다. 피로강도 비율(Ψ)-피로 수명 선도를 이용하여 적층 각도와 관계없이 피로 수명을 단일선으로 표현하였다. 피로 강도비율을 통해 평준화된 피로 선도를 이용하면 2개 이상의 비낌 축 각도를 가지는 복합재의 피로 선도만으로도 임의의 다른 비낌 축 각을 가진 동일한 복합재의 피로 수명 곡선의 도출이 가능하다.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
• /
• pp.182-185
• /
• 2003

We have suggested an equivalent circuit model for switching performance of bipolar spin transistor composed of a nonmagnetic metal film (N) sandwiched between two ferromagnetic metal films (F1 and F2). The 'ON' or 'OFF' operation of this equivalent circuit model is simulated by depending on the orientation of the magnetization of F1 and F2 rather than the strength of the external magnetic filed. Changing the coupling coefficient, turn number of two inductances, (L1:L2) like a transformer, and parallel variable resistance R4 connected to L2 at the collector region, we can explain the magnetic characteristics and the dependence of magneto resistance ratio on the orientation of spin-polarized electrons.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2019

복합 형상 부품 제작 및 제작 공정의 일체화 장점으로 3D 프린팅 기술의 적용 분야가 확대되고 있으며, 지속적인 연구 개발에 의해 다양한 기술방안들이 등장하고 있다. 대표적인 기술로는 파우더 형태의 소재 위에 레이저를 조사함으로써 원하는 영역을 소결 및 적층 제작하는 방식의 SLS 기술이 있으며, 고성능의 엔지니어링 플라스틱을 활용하여 실제 사용할 수 있는 부품을 제작하는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 활용도가 높은 고분자 소재인 폴리아미드 12 소재 및 글라스 비드가 보강된 폴리아미드 12 소재를 대상으로 인장시편을 제작하여 시편 제작 방향 및 인장 시험 온도에 따른 특성 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 시편 제작방향은 작업 평면 기준으로 0°, 45°, 90° 로 구분하였으며, 인장시험온도는 -25℃, 25℃, 60℃로 조건을 구분하였다. 시험 결과로부터 제작 방향이 90°에 가까울수록 두 소재 모두 탄성률의 미세한 감소를 보였으며, 인장강도는 PA12보다 글라스 비드 보강 PA12가 제작방향에 대한 의존성을 명확하게 보였다. 또한 시험 온도 증가에 따라 탄성률 및 인장강도의 저하를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2009

An investigation of the deformation behavior of ${\gamma}'-Ni_3Al$ single crystals containing fine dispersion of disordered ${\gamma}$ particles was performed for several different crystal orientations. Deformation structures were observed by the weak-beam method of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for (111) [$\bar{1}$01] slie. increases with increasing temperature in the temperature range where (111) slip operates. The CRSS for (111) [$\bar{1}$01] slip is dependent on crystal orientation in the corresponding temperature range. The temperature where the strenjlth reaches a maximum is dependent on crystal orientation; the higher the ratio of the Schmid factors of (010) [$\bar{1}$01] to that of (111) [$\bar{1}$01], the higher the peak temperature. The peak temperatures were increased by the precipitation of y particles for the samples of all orientations. Electron microscopy of deformation induced dislocation arrangements under peak temperature has revealed that most of dislocations are straight screw dislocations. The mobility of screw dislocations decreases with increasing temperature. Above the peak temperature, dislocations begin to cross slip from the (111) [$\bar{1}$01] slip system to the (010) [$\bar{1}$01] slip system, thus decreasing the strength.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.1579-1587
• /
• 2022

The effects of hydride amount (20-850 wppm), orientation (circumferential and radial), and temperature (room temperature, 100 ℃, 200 ℃) on the axial mechanical properties of Zircaloy-4 cladding were comprehensively examined. The fraction of radial hydride fraction in the cladding was quantified using PROPHET, an in-house radial hydride fraction analysis code. Uniaxial tensile tests (UTTs) were conducted at various temperatures to obtain the axial mechanical properties. Hydride orientation has a limited effect on the axial mechanical behavior of hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding. Ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and associated uniform elongation demonstrated limited sensitivity to hydride content under UTT. Statistical uncertainty of UTS was found small, supporting the deterministic approach for the load-failure analysis of hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding. These properties notably decrease with increasing temperature in the tested range. The dependence of yield strength on hydrogen content differed from temperature to temperature. The ductility-related parameters, such as total elongation, strain energy density (SED), and offset strain decrease with increasing hydride contents. The abrupt loss of ductility in UTT was found at ~700 wppm. Demonstrating a strong correlation between total elongation and offset strain, SED can be used as a comprehensive measure of ductility of hydrided zirconium alloy.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2003

The problem of an orthotropic material with a central crack is studied. The material is subjected to uniform biaxial loading along its boundary. The normal stress ratio theory is applied to predict fracture strength behavior in cracked orthotropic material. The dependence of the critical stress with respect to the biaxial loading and the crack orientation is discussed. Our analysis shows significant effects of biaxial loading on the critical stress. The additional tenn in the asymptotic expansion of the crack tip stress field appears to provide more accurate critical stress prediction.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.717-720
• /
• 2003

Heavily $p^{ ＋}$-typed ($10^{20}$ $cm^{-3}$ ) GaAs epilayers have been grown on high-index GaAs substrates with various crystallographic orientations from (100) to (111)A by a low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Carbon (C) tetrabromide (CBr$_4$) was used as a C source. At moderate growth temperatures and high V/III ratios, the hole concentration of C-doped GaAs epilayers shows the crystallographic orientation dependence. The bonding strength of As sites on a growing surface plays an important role in the C incorporation into the high-index GaAs substrates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2007

A fine segmentation algorithm is proposed for extracting objects in an image, which have both weak boundaries and highly non-convex shapes. The image has simple background colors or simple object colors. Two concepts, geometric attraction-driven flow (GADF) and edge-regions are combined to detect boundaries of objects in a sub-pixel resolution. The main strategy to segment the boundaries is to construct initial curves close to objects by using edge-regions and then to make a curve evolution in GADF. Since the initial curves are close to objects regardless of shapes, highly non-convex shapes are easily detected and dependence on initial curves in boundary-based segmentation algorithms is naturally removed. Weak boundaries are also detected because the orientation of GADF is obtained regardless of the strength of boundaries. For a fine segmentation, we additionally propose a local region competition algorithm to detect perceptible boundaries which are used for the extraction of objects without visual loss of detailed shapes. We have successfully accomplished the fine segmentation of objects from images taken in the studio and aphids from images of soybean leaves.