• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2004

This report describes 61 studies related to the use of Semen Armeniacae Amarum main blended prescriptions from Donguibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Semen Armeniacae Amarum as a key ingredient. Semen Armeniacae Amarum blended prescriptions are utilized for 16 therapeutic purposes, for example, in symptoms of cough, excrements, wind, and pediatrics. In particular, 52.46% of the prescriptions appear in the chapter of cough, and 9.84% of those appear in the chapter of excrements. Prescriptions that utilize Semen Armeniacae Amarum as the main ingredient are used in the treatment of cough, asthma, lung disease, and constipation, and they are also used for treating 15 different types of diseases. Semen Armeniacae Amarum is used in pathogenic factors such as wind, wind with cold, and wind with moisture, in pathologies related to lung and digestive systems, and in those related to weakness, extravasated blood, and alcoholic drink-food. The actual amount of Semen Armeniacae Amarum blended has ranged at a wide variety of amounts from 5 pun to 5 don. 47.62% of the prescriptions used 1 don. When Semen Armeniacae Amarum is combined with base prescriptions such as Samyotang, Banhaenghwan, ljintang, etc and Herba Ephedrae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, it ceases cough and asthma. In addition, when Semen Armeniacae Amarum is combined with Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii and Fructus Cannabis, it brings a relief in constipation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Complex microbial communities play an important role in the human health and co-evolved with human in the form of symbiosis. Many literatures provide new evidences that the increased prevalence of obesity cannot be attributed solely to changes in the human genome, nutritional habits, or reduction of physical activity in our daily lives. The intestinal flora was recently proposed as an environmental factor responsible for the control of body weight and energy metabolism. A number of studies suggest that the modulation of gut microbiota affects host metabolism and has an impact on energy storage and demonstrated a role for the gut microbiota in weight gain, fat increase, and insulin resistance. Variations in microbiota composition are found in obese humans and mice and the microbiota from an obese mouse confers an obese phenotype when transferred to an axenic mouse. As well, the gut microbial flora plays a role in converting nutrients into calories. Specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota may be a useful means to treat or prevent obesity. Dietary modulations of gut microbiota with a view to increasing bifidobacteria have demonstrated to reduce endotoxemia and improve metabolic diseases such as obesity. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailability and pharmacological activity of herbal extract. Therefore we also expect that the fermented herbal extracts may open up a new area to treat obesity through modulating gut microbiota.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.853-860
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate genes which are differently expressed in human blood by administrating of OLT-2. OLT-2 was medical precipitation composed of three medicinal herbs, Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and anti-leukemia effect of it was evaluated from Byung Hun Jeon of Wonkwang University this study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (Taejeon, Korea) and four male subjects participated in this study. Gene expressions were evaluated by cDNA chip, in which 24,000 genes were spotted. Hierarchical cluster and biological process against the genes, which expression changes were more than 1.6 fold, were constructed by cluster 3.0 providing Stanford University and EASE(http://apps1 .maid.nih.gov/DAVID). Five groups were clustered according to their expression patterns. Group A contained gene decreased by OLT-2 and increased genes by OLT-2 were involved in Group B, C, D. In biological process, expression of genes involved in cytokine or cell calcium signaling, such as interleukin 18 and G-protein beta 4 were increased, but protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type c, which function is cell adhesion between antigen-presenting cell and T or B-cell, was decreased by OLT-2. This study provides the most comprehensive available survey of gene expression changes in response to anti-leukemia effect of OLT-2 in human blood.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-27
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• 2012

King Cheoljong was the twenty-fifth King in the Joseon Dynasty. He did not live a comfortable royal life in his childhood. He succeeded to the crown in the age of 19 after a series of poor days in Ganghwado. During his sovereignty over the territory, the noble class with power interfered with his control in almost every issue, so he could not manage his authority as a ruler. His disease history is hardly included in "Formal Records of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)" which is the prime governmental document, however, some of his disease history appear in "Records of the Diaries of the Kings of Joseon(日省錄)". The primary disease of King Cheoljong was nausea-vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea etc. caused by spleen-stomach weakness. Another main illness was phlegm syndrome. He showed symptoms of coughs, asthma, sputum, and he easily caught cold having a weak health condition. He died at 33 and cause of death was unclear with remaining documents. Just small chances are that the cause was lung tuberculosis. He took a large amount of herbal medicine in his life, which was for curing or toning up his body. Tonifying medicinal herbs were used continuously, and curing herbal medicine was used for spleen-stomach weakness, phlegm syndrome and cold treatment. Treatments of acupuncture and moxa rarely appear in the documents.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.315-325
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• 2023

Objectives : Recently, research has been actively conducted on the efficacy of complexes based on oriental medicine prescriptions for improving immune activity and allergies. In this study, In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of Angelica gigas Nakai and Corni fructus extract (AC), medicinal herbs, among candidate drugs derived through preliminary experiments with various components of oriental medicine prescriptions for allergies, on allergies in RBL-2H3 cells. Methods : We evaluated the effect of the ethanol extract of Ulmus on the allergic inflammatory response in anti-DNP-IgE activated DNP-HSA in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell toxicity was determined by WST-1 assay and the markers of degranulation such as beta-hexosaminidase, histamine, TNF-α and IL-6 production of inflammatory mediators and FcεRI-mediated expression. Results : The results showed that treatment with AC extract (20, 40 and 80㎍/㎖) noncytotoxic levels and significantly inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine and the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RBL-2H3 by the antigen stimulation. Conclusions : These results indicate that AC extract exhibits anti-allergic activity through inhibition of degranulation and inhibition of inflammatory mediators and cytokine release. These findings suggest that AC extract may have potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for the treatment of various allergic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.257-263
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• 1995

As a primary step to develop natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of kimchi, the effect of 102 edible plants, 21 antimicrobial agents and related compounds on kimchi fermentation was studied. Among 42 oriental medicinal plants tested, Baical skullcap and Assam indigo were found to be highly effective for maintaining the fresh state of kimchi. Although Bugbane, Red mangolia, Bushy sophora, Szechuan pepper, Chinese quince and Scisandre significantly inhibit the growth of Lactobacilli, their effect was not high enough to be used as raw materials for kimchi preservative. When the effect of 32 herbs and spices was tested, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon balm, clove, hop, rosemary, sage, horseradish and thyme showed high antimicrobial activity against kimchi microorganisms. Among them, the effect of clove ranked top. When it was added to fresh kimchi, initial cfu value ($2.4{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$) changed little even after 2 day's fermentation ($2.6{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$). Sensory test was not a good criteria to evaluate the effect of herbs and spices, since their highly specific flavors affected the taste of kimchies. Twenty eight fruits, vegetables and related plants were tested, but only leaves of pine tree, persimmon and oak leaves showed a significant bactericidal effect, finally contributing to the storage of kimchi. In addition, when 21 natural preservatives and other compounds were added individually to fresh kimchi, nisin and caffeic acid could inhibit fermentation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.29-31
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• 2013

Objectives : 'Reconsideration about Nomenclature of Herbs Listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia' was published by Doh and Lee with absolute misconception of nomenclature. A critical review of Doh and Lee's paper is given, to correct the confused the concept of nomenclature and to provide proper scientific name for taxa which are discussed. Methods : This paper discusses the proper usage, as mandated by the International Code of Nomenclature. Adherence to the rules described in this paper should reduce the present confusion in the nomenclature of scientific names listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Results : Although Doh and Lee proposed four categories to correct the scientific names of the Korean Pharmacopoeia using available botanical databases, they failed to show how nomenclatural concepts are applicable due to misconception of legitimacy and the confusion about synonym. From a nomenclatural perspective, 'accepted name' or 'recommended name' is a subjective term which used to be employed for convenience in a certain databases or working group without nomenclatural meaning. Doh and Lee also pointed out the standardization of author citation. However, they missed the importance of author citation error such as basionym or validating authors. Conclusions : Doh and Lee were not able to solve nomenclatural problems of the Korea Pharmacopoeia due to lack of clarity on the nomenclature code. We strongly recommend that KFDA has to commence extensive nomenclatural review for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.70-90
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• 2023

Objective This study analyzed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on pediatric asthma using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to determine its efficacy and safety. Methods We searched electronic databases in English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean and evaluated 35 articles published up to December 28, 2022. Based on data from the literature, we analyzed treatments, results, composition of herbal medicine, frequency of medicinal herbs, and decoction. Results TCM for pediatric asthma was compared to supportive therapy, inhaled corticosteroids, and standardized treatments. Of the 35 studies, 32 showed that TCM treatments were effective in alleviating asthma symptoms. Furthermore, TCM treatment was considered safe compared to common asthma treatments. Among the TCM treatments for pediatric asthma, the most frequent decoctions were Gamisaganmahwangtang (加味射干麻黃湯) and Saganmahwangtang (射干麻黃湯). Ephedra Herba (麻黄), Armeniacae Semen (杏仁), Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (細辛), Belamcandae Rhizoma (射干) were herbs that were frequently used for asthma in TCM decoctions. Conclusion This review showed that TCM is effective in treating pediatric asthma. More clinical RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TCM treatment.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-32
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• 2014

Objectives : Until now the study of Cnidii Rhizoma, hemorrhage, brain waves, such as ischemic brain injury, analgesic, effect overcome of the stress from pregnancy melanin formation and inhibiting effects skin whitening have been published regarding this article. Cnidii Rhizoma demonstrates its different abilities depending on the characteristics. This paper reported that effect of Cnidii Rhizoma in Dongeuibogam blended prescriptions as main medicine. In addition, by analyzing data, we studied about utilizing of Cnidii Rhizoma. Methods : Cnidii Rhizoma in Dongeuibogam Prescriptions as the main ingredient was built with database of 202 prescriptions. Thus analyzed data was summarized in detail.(Table-1) If there is no difference in the title of the prescription but in other case the configuration information is different, formulations 1 and 2 were divided by the table. Results : The following results were reached through investigations on the prescriptions usikng Cnidii Rhizoma as a key component. 1. Prescriptions taking Cnidii Rhizoma as a monarch drug are utilized for 40 therapeutic purposes. In particular, 12.3% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of head, and 10.8% of those appear in the chapter of women, and 9.4% of eye, 8.9% of child, 6.4% of wind disease respectively. 2. Prescriptions utilizing Cnidii Rhizoma as the main ingredient are used in the treatment of headache, dizziness and pregnancy hemorrhage fetal movement, premature birth and they are also used for treating 131 different types of disease. 3. The dosage of Cnidii Rhizoma in formulas is from 2pun(about 0.75g) to 5don(nearly 18.75g), however 1don(nearly 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. 4. We find out that according to herbs or prescriptions, Cnidii Rhizoma has a variety of functions such as ascending & descending of energy. Samultang is the most useful base prescription which used the Cnidii Rhizoma as the main component. Conclusion : These results suggest that, Cnidii Rhizoma once-amount use (don nearly 3.75g) 4g in head, gynecology, ophthalmology, pediatrics and paralysis disease associated with oriental medicine resource development can be considered to be widely used These results suggest that Cnidii Rhizoma was used most with 1 don(4g) and can be widely used for the resource development to the disease such as brain, gynecology, ophthalmologhy, pediatrics and wind-associated symptoms.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-102
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• 2003

It has been believed that the human body can be effected by color, sound, smell, and taste - each of them is based on the original character. Out of these elements, the color can be a mediation that absorbs energy into human body and adapts it to the creatures whose life are definitely based on the solar energy. This thesis makes a study of the possibility of applying the color to the oriental medical science by researching the color psychology and therapy which are studied in the west medical science, the recognition and application of color developed from orientalism, and the opinion of color in the oriental medical science. Color therapy is one of the psychological treatment techniques that are able to recover and maintain the health with the rays of the sun rays and the color. The light and the color have its energy that may relax, harmonize, encourage, or excite a human being. This is because the wavelength and the vibration of each color will take effects to human body. The core energy of absorbing and distributing the color vibration is made in the 7 "chakras" in the body, which are the pith and marrow of bio-energy directly connected with the center of the nervous system. There are several methods in the color therapy - the treatment of solar ray, the color-bath, the water-therapy using color energy, the inducement of the solar energy into the body, the acupuncture, the therapy of crystal and jewel, and the self-suggestion dependent upon the color. The color therapy can help us to keep our balance by changing the emotion into the positive energy that will cure the disease with color. As a result, this method not only must be useful to cure physical disease, or develop into good health but also will be used in conforming itself to the mental disease. The color therapy mainly uses the eight colors, which are made by mixing Red, Yellow and Blue basic colors in the field. They are never used in the treatment, but they will go along with complementary colors. This rule is closely connected with the theory of yin and yang which lies at the root of oriental philosophy, and with the treatment principle of oriental medical science whose field is focused on the balancing the body mentally as well as physically. In the East, it is the Obangsaek - the color of blue, red, yellow, white, and black in the theory of yin and yang and the five elements that have been used in helping people having trouble with their health for a long time. In the view of the oriental medical science, these five colors attached the theory of five-elements have been very useful to the physiology, the pathology, or the diagnosis, and been applied to the medical treatment, combining themselves with a five-taste in medicinal herbs. Since the study of color and human physiology has been made in some different interest and fields these days, it goes to prove that the different function of color we couldn't have got before becomes very useful to the medical science. The color must be worth researching the diversity for applying itself to the oriental medical science.