• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

According to ICD-10, The typical Depression are characterized by dejected mood, loss of interest and pleasure, feeling of helplessness. Also, other symptoms such as loss of attentiveness and concentration, guilty conscience, pessimistic attitude for the future, sleeping disorder, lack of appetite, thinking of or doing a self-injury or suicidal act may characterize Depression. These Symptoms of Depression are similar to Wool-Zeng(鬱證), Zeon-Zeng(癲證), Her-ro(虛勞), Bul-Sa-Sik(不思食), Tal-Young-Sil-Zeong(脫營失精), Bul-Myeon(不眠), Ki-Myeon(嗜眠) in Oriental Medicine. In general, Depression is classified into Wool-Zeng type and Zeon-Zeng type. The former is similar to the neurotic type of depression, the latter is similar to the psychopathic type of depression. The clear causes of Depression are not known yet. But psychodynamic and biological factors are assumed to cause Depression. Psychodynamic factors may correspond to Chil-Zeong(七情) and biological factors to Tae-Byeong(胎病) and Dam(痰) in Oriental medicine. In Occidental medicine, Depression is treated by psychotherapy and medication. Electrically-induced spasm therapy and phototherapy also used for the treatment of Depression. In Oriental medicine, Depression is treated by more various therapy such as herb medication, acupuncture and moxibustion, oriental psychotherapy and dirigation(Gi-Gong, 氣功). Depression is not easy to cure. When the treatments of Occidental medicine and Oriental medicine are mutually cooperated, more effective medical care might be expected. Therefore, futher study to treat depression by mutually cooperated therapy is necessary.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by progressive impairment of motor functions up to a complete loss of autonomy, and most of ALS patients are associated with the total preservation of mental state like depression. A patient in this case report had ALS and during progress of ALS had undergone depression and Hwabyung's Symptoms. This patient was treated with herb medication, acupuncture, psychotherapy(relaxation & councelling) primarily. During the 18 days of treatment from admission, the patient experienced much improvement of depression and Hwabyung's Symptoms. and ALS's symptom like weakness & numbness of lower limb had improved considerably, too.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2020

Objectives: Many fields have changed since covid-19, psychotherapy being no exception. With the pandemic associated increase in untact treatment, interest in virtual reality exposure therapy has also increased. The aim of study was to analyze recent literature using virtual reality therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Methods: We searched five databases from dates between October 1 to November 1, 2020. We selected articles related to the treatment of anxiety disorders using virtual reality therapy and analyzed the trend of that, not thesis but domestic articles. Results: There were 6 RCT studies and 3 were case reports where, based on the DSM-4, the participants presented with anxiety disorders including 2 with presentation anxiety, 1 heterosexual anxiety, 1 test anxiety, 1 social anxiety, 1 dental anxiety, 2 Acrophobia, and 1 social phobia. Treatment sessions varied from 1 session to 18 sessions, but 5 studies conducted 4 sessions, and all studies attempted virtual reality exposure for 30-minute time periods. 8 studies used HMD as the VR device and 1 study did not report a device. Conclusions: Anxiety disorders treated using virtual reality included speech anxiety and acrophobia. Median treatment session number was 4 and sessions were less than 30 minutes. The most common VR device used was an HMD. VR psychotherapy showed limitations relating to patient experience including cyber sickness and a lack of immersion. In addition, most of the studies were conducted with patients who visited hospitals utilizing Western medical practices. Currently, virtual reality therapy (VRT) intervention in oriental medicine is lacking. The lack of research in this area suggests analyzing data from VR psychotherapy in oriental medicine could provide novel and useful information.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2001

Objectives: In order to present an applicative scheme of medical care through the analysis of the Rumenshiqin. Method: This research was done by analyze Zhanzihe's Medical Records and Thought in the Rumenshiqin. Results: 1. Zhanzihe's had recognized that vital-qi is recovered naturally by diaphoretic, purgative and emetic theraphy. 2. He had made an applicative scheme of psychotherapy in Oriental medicine. 3. Zhanzihe's Medical Records and Thought can contribute to madical care of neuropsychiatry 4. He had thought that the doctor's quality and consideration of infant's environment and individual grade is very important. Conclusion: Zhanzihe's Medical Records and Thought in the Rumenshiqin presents an applicative scheme of medical care of neuropsychiatric desease and we need to study more and more about this.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program with Euro QOL-5 Dimension (EQ5D), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and psychological test. Methods: 6 middle-age women have participated in the eight weeks of the M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program, and the program was executed once a week for about two hours. We evaluated EQ5D, FFMQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) before and after the program in order to analyze the effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program. Results: 1) EQ5D scores increased significantly (p<0.05), and overall physical condition scale( VAS) increased. 2) In the FFQM scores, value of Nonreactivity increased significantly (p<0.05), and total score increased. 3) Scores of BDI and STAI-S decreased significantly (p<0.05), and STAI-T, STAXI-S, STAXI-T, STAXI-O, STAXI-Su, and STAXI-R decreased. Conclusions: The results suggested that M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program improves the quality of life and mindfulness skill and has a positive responses to psychological problems-depression, anxiety, and anger.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2017

Objectives: To suggest the basis of clinical applications through qualitative and quantitative analysis of mentalizing the rooms of mind in the mindfulness meditation program. It is one of the M&L psychotherapy techniques that enables observing the mind more objectively by structuring, visualizing and embodying state of the mind at the moment of drawing a room of the mind. Methods: In this study, we conducted 5t mindfulness meditation program sessions with 85 college students studying Oriental Neuropsychiatry at the University of Oriental Medical College. Before and after the program, data checked the FFMQ and drew the room of mind. Qualitative analysis by subjects were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: First, results of the quantitative analysis revealed significant difference between pre-and post on describing one of the FFMQ sub-factors. However, there were no statistically significant other factors. Second, qualitative analysis results follow as: It extracted 2 keywords including 'viewpoint as a therapist' and 'viewpoint as a client' and 3 consisting words 'positive response', 'negative response', 'ambiguous response'. Conclusions: Mentalizing the room of mind is the work of visualizing, diagramming, objectifying, and specifying the mind of this moment. It is concerned that the value of clinical use is high as a useful tool to increase concentration of meditation and observe and evaluate changes of mind before and after treatments.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : This study was to evaluate the clinical improvement of Panic attack and Anticipatory anxiety on Panic Disorder patients after Oriental medical treatment. Methods : We compared post-treatment with pre-treatment on Panic attack and Anticipatory anxiety with Thirty eight Panic Disorder patientsafter Oriental medical treatment - acupunture, herbal medicine, oriental psychotherapy. Results and Conclusions : 1. Foremost herbal medicines were Siwuanshentang(四物安神揚)(39.47%), Qingxinwendantang(情心溫膽揚)(13.16%). Types of demonstration weredeficiency of the heart blood(心血不足)(39.47%), deficiency of qi and blood in the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛)(28.95%), timidity die to insufficiency of qi and deficiency of blood of the heart(心脫虛法)(15.79%), stagnation of phlegm(痰獨阻滯)(13.16%), deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin(肝腎陰虛)(2.63%) in order. 2. The physical constitutions in Thirty eight Panic Disorder patients weretwenty nine of Taiyinren(76.3%),six of Shaoyinren(15.8%), three of Shaoyangren(7.9%) in order. 3. This oriental medical treatment was effective in Panic attack from $7.68{\pm}0.87$ to $2.68{\pm}1.613$ and in Anticipatory anxiety from $7.47{\pm}1.006$ to $2.47{\pm}1.841$ in comparison post-treatment with pre-treatment. 4. A percentage of subjective improvement was 72.6%. There were 18.4% in the same, 15.8% in slight improvement, 18.4% in medium improvement, 47.4% in remarkable improvement.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

Objectives : Recently, the elderly population and dementia prevalence have been rapidly increasing in Korea. Dementia is a concept of syndrome composed of characteristic symptoms. However, there have been no approved treatments for dementia with proven efficacy. Therefore, we investigated Korean traditional treatment being used in clinic and collaborative practice for dementia in the professional group. Methods : We conducted a survey using questionnaires to professors of oriental neuropsychiatry for a month. Items of the questionnaire consisted of overall Korean traditional medical treatment for dementia, which included herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, psychotherapy and others. Results : 1. It was shown that Yukmijihwangtanggamibang, Jowiseungcheongtang, Seonghyangjeonggisan have been used the most in herbal medicine. 2. Chechim, Saamchimbeop, and scalp acupuncture have been used the most in acupuncture treatment. 3. In Korean traditional psychotherapy, Ijeongbyeongi, Jieongoronyobeop, Gigongyobeop have been used, and effective in anxiety, agitation, improvement of comprehension for caregiver and environment. 4. Most professors answered that collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine has been needed for dementia. They suggested that herbal medicine, followed by acupuncture, and moxibustion can be used with western medicine simultaneously. Conclusions : The survey revealed that professors use herbal medicine and acupuncture as main treatments for dementia. They share perspective regarding the need of long period to treat dementia patients, and there are needs of collaborative practice for dementia.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.167-182
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• 1997

The fallowing result are obtained through study on the Dao expressed in Korean Oriental medicine and Taoism 1. Putting importance in all, circuration, preventive medicine and psychosomatic medicine is similar to Taoism and Korean Oriental medicine.2. Perfect understanding of No-striving and Emptiness in Taoisma and expension of meaning of Self-transcendence and Empathy can be of use to medical cure.3. Perfect understanding of Dao is essential in maturity of therapist.4. Psychotherapy of Korean Oriental medicine agree with Psychoanalysis and Daseinanalysis from the point of view of the holism.5. Korean oriental medicine is medicine of Dao and Dao is a great help to recover patient's heath.6. The disrase come to dishamony of Qi in Korean Oriental medicine and Taoism.Through the above result, the new cure will come on the basis of Dao, and it will need enlightening Dao to prevent from psychosis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2023

Objectives: To examine effect of Korean medical treatment on patients with insomnia and correlations among changes in psychological scales before and after treatment. Methods: Medical records of 38 patients diagnosed with insomnia based on DSM-V who received Korean medical treatment (herbal-medication, acupuncture, Korean psychotherapy) for at least 8 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Psychological scales including Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) were measured every four weeks and analyzed. Results: After eight weeks of treatment, ISI, BDI-II, BAI, STAI-X-1/2, and STAXI-S/T showed statistically significant decreases. Psychological scale pairs that showed a statistically significant correlation were ISI and BDI-IIㆍSTAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍTA, BDI-II and BAIㆍSTAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍAX-I, BAI and STAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍSAㆍTA, STAI-X-1 and STAI-X-2, SA and TA, and TA and AX-I. In women, the improvement of AX-C was high. The improvement in AX-I score was significant when the disease duration was more than one year. A lower pretreatment BAI value predicted a greater decrease in ISI score after treatment. Conclusions: Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy was effective in improving insomnia symptoms and accompanying symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and anger. In the future, more in-depth follow-up research is needed on the mechanisms by which various psychological problems (depression, anxiety, anger, etc) cause and worsen insomnia and the psychological symptoms secondary to insomnia.