• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.846-855
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• 2008

Objects : The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of five herbal medicines on cytochrome P450 3A4 drug-metabolizing enzymes in human liver microsomes. Methods : To use human liver microsomes, an extract of five herbal medicines, which are Artemisia princeps Pampan, Sophora jeponica Linne, Panax notoginseng F. H. Chen, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Sieb., and Cirsium maackii Maxim, which together are called Jihyulyak(止血藥, drugs for arresting bleeding, hemostatics), was co-incubated and measured for relative enzyme activity in incubation condition compared to ketoconazole, a representative inhibitor of CYP 3A4. Results : We showed that all five of the traditional herbal medicines had no inhibition effect of CYP 3A4 at 10, 20, 30, 40, and $50{\mu}g/ml$ doses in human liver microsomes, although Sophora japonica Linne(SJL) showed a little inhibition at about 81% inhibition rate of control. However, this result is not enough to prove that SJL has a CYP 3A4 inhibition effect. Moreover, we can't make sure that those rates had significant induction effect on CYP 3A4. Conclusions : The result of this study could support that those herbal medicines are safer than chemical drugs, even if this is the basic step to prove that result.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

Objectives : This study presents a high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of various active components in Samul-tang, which is composed of four crude herbs. Methods : HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the determinations of paeoniflorin and 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethyl 2-furaldehyde) in the Samul-tang, the separation method was performed on an COSMOS1L 5C18-AR-Il (2.0 X 150 mm I.D.) column by gradient elution with 0.1% acetic acid and 5% CH3CN in water (A)-0.1% acetic acid and 5% H20 in CH3CN (B) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 300 ${\mu}L/min$ with detection at quadrupole mass spectrometer. The all marker substances were always detected as the base peaks in the positive ion mode. Results : The paeoniflorin of Paeoniae Radix in Samul-tang showed a strong base peak [M+H2O]+ in the positive detection mode to give the following as; paeoniflorin (498.109 [M+H2O]+, 479.8 [M]+, 301 [M-glucose]+, 179.3 [glucose]+). Based on the HPLC retnetion time and MS of standard compounds confirmed the identity of active compounds in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata as follows; 5-HMF (127.0[M+H]+, 109.3 [M-OH]+) in the positive ion mode. Conclusion : According to the above results, HPLC-ESI-MS method permits assignment of tentative structures such as paeoniflorin and 5-HMF in the Samul-tang.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze clinical reports of treatment of menopausal depression in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: This study included randomized controlled trials (RCT) in treating menopausal depression. Literature studies of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(CNKI) were performed. Clinical reports on menopausal depression treatment were searched using the following key words in the CNKI: 'menopausal depression' and 'postmenopausal depression'. Results and Conclusions: A total of 24 RCT articles on menopausal depression were selected. The most widely used diagnostic tool for menopausal depression was CCMD-3. Effective rate and HAMD were the most commonly used assessment tools. Bosinhaeultang-gagam (Bushenjieyu-tang jiajian) and Gami-gammaegdaejotang(Jiawei ganmaidazao-tang) were used much more than other prescriptions, while Bupleuri Radix was the most used single medicine herb. Additionally, the Chinese medicine treatment group showed less adverse reactions than the control group. As a result, we could know frequently used herbal prescription and single medicinal herbs and this can be helpful in developing more advanced studies in future.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

Background : Almost people know hypertension's treatment is taking western medicine. But korean herbal medicine(KHM) also have an effect of turning down blood pressure. Objectives : This study aims to review the influence of KHM on hypertension in korean internal medicine's studies systematically. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change of data of hypertension and let people know a possibility of herbal treatment on hypertension. Methods : Systematic studies searches were performed on one database of korean internal medicine to November 2009. Screening and selection of the studies and extraction of data were performed by one author. Results : Twelve studies were included. All studies were performed retrospectively. Almost studies's object were hypertensive rats. Two studies's object were rabbits and only one study's object was hopitalized patients. Blood pressure and pulse was changed significantly after taking KHM in almost studies, and rest of items, aldosterone, catecholamine, electro, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory effect, renin activity were changed significantly after taking KHM. Conclusions : KHM might have an effect of lowering blood pressure, but almost studies's object were animals, so it is necessary to investigate an effect of KHM for people.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.288-300
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• 2011

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Hwangryungeehwang-tang (HRGHT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating diabetes, by administering aqueous extracts to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Three different dosages of HRGHT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). 6 groups, of 8 rats per group were used in the present study, selected 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment based on blood glucose levels and body weights. Changes to the body weights, blood glucose levels, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were observed, as well as changes on the pancreatic, hepatic and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) contents for lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents for antioxidant effects. The results were compared with a potent antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications are already confirmed. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, serum LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal MDA contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal GSH contents were detected in HRGHT extracts 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups as compared to the streptozotocin control group. The lowest dosage of HRGHT treated group, 50 mg/kg, did not show any favorable effects as compared with the streptozotocin control. Conclusions : HRGHT has favorable effects on diabetes and related hyperlipidemia. Therefore, more detailed mechanism studies should be conduced in future with efficacy tests of individual herbal compositions of HRGHT and screening of the biological active compounds in the herbs.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2010

Objetcives : Cancer cachexia is a common syndrome in advanced cancer patients, which is characterized by profound changes in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in anorexia, weight loss, muscle wasting and poor performance status. We studied the journals of Chinese herb medicine about cancer cachexia and reported the results. Methods : This study attempted to analyze the contents of the research papers concerning the treatment of cancer cachexia presented in the journals of Chinese medicine published in China over the period between 2000 and 2009. Results & Conclusions : The principles for medical treatment were invigorating Ki(益氣), invigorating the spleen(健脾), regulating the stomach(和胃), nourishing the blood(養血), nourishing Eum(補陰), promoting the circulation of Ki(行氣), removing the phlegm(化痰), removing blood stasis(祛瘀) etc. The used herbs were Poria(茯笭), Astragali Radix(黃芪), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(白朮), Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix(黨蔘), Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥), Citri Pericarpium(陳皮), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Coicis Pemen(薏苡仁), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) etc. The effetcive rate of treatment with Chinese herb medicine group was comparable or even more effetcive. Chinese herb medicine group had little side effetcs. Chinese medicine herb treatment to inhibit cancer cachexia has many possibilities.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

Objectives : Diabetic nephropathy is associated with morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus patients. Mesangial cell proliferation is known as the major pathologic features such as glomerulosclerosis. Oryeong-san, Korean formula, is widely used for the treatment of nephrosis, edema, and uremia. Oryeong-san is composed of five herbs: Alismatis Rhizoma, Polyporus, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen, and Cinnamomi Cortex. Methods : The present study was performed to investigate potent inhibitory effect of Oryeong-san on high glucose (HG)-induced rat mesangial cells (RMC) proliferation. Results : RMC proliferation under 25 mM glucose was significantly accelerated compared with 5.5 mM glucose, which was inhibited by Oryeong-san in dose dependent manner. Pre-treatment of Oryeong-san induced down-regulation of cyclins/CDKs and up-regulation of CDK inhibitor, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 expression. In addition, Oryeong-san reduced HG-induced RMC proliferation by suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phospholyration such as extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), and p38. Oryeong-san significantly suppressed HG-induced ROS production. Conclusions : Oryeong-san consequently inhibited HG-induced mesangial cell proliferation through the inhibition of MAPK and ROS signaling pathway. These results suggest that Oryeong-san may be effective in the treatment of renal dysfunction leading to diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This paper was written to understand the origin, changes and the constructive principles of Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang(Chibaihewu-tang; 赤白何烏寬中湯). 2. Methods: Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of pathology, based on "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)", "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)" and "Donguisasangsinpyeon(東醫四象新編)" 3. Results: and Conclusions: 1) The origin of Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang, which inherited the spirit of Zhang, Zhongjing(張仲景)'s Sasim-tang(Xiexin-tang; 瀉心湯), is discovered in the prescriptions for Sun-qi(順氣), that is, Gwanjung-hwan(Kuanzhong-wan; 貫衆丸) and Mokhyangsungi-san(Muxiangshunqi-san; 木香順氣散). 2) The Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang was derived from Gangchulpajeok-tang(Jiangzhupoji-tang; 薑朮破積湯) of "Dongyisusebowon Gabobon", where the herbal medicines, Panax ginseng(人蔘) of Sasim-tang was replaced with Cynanchum wilfordii(白何首烏) and Allium sativum(獨頭蒜) was newly used too. Thereafter, Polygonum multiflorum(赤何首烏) and Alpinia oxyphylla(益智仁) were first added in Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang in "Sinchukbon". 3) The Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang, composed of 8 herbs except for Zizyphus jujuba(大棗), treats Taeumjeung(太陰證) of Soeumin(少陰人) through warming the Stomach(溫胃) of Cynanchum wilfordii, Polygonum multiflorum, Zingiber officinale(乾薑) and Alpinia officinarum(良薑) and downbearing the Yin(降陰) of Citrus reticulata(靑皮), Citrus unshiu(陳皮), Cyperus rotundus(香附子) and Alpinia oxyphylla.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Background : Guibi-tang is one of the most common herbs in oriental medicine. Principally, this medicine heals illness from overstress. Therefore, it is frequently used in the ancient community. Because of insufficiency in data, objective judgements are difficult in remedial effects by Guibi-tang. In order to make objectivity diagnose data, this research is developed. Purpose : The aim of the research is to make questionnaire for the medicine and the objective is to sell to the public from the local clinic. Methods : The questionnaire which includes symptoms and signs for diagnose of Guibi-tang is studied by the Delphi method and average value. Results : By the Delphi method and average value, 22 Items of questionnaires are choosen for the research. Conclusions : Further research is necessary for modification of questionnaire by statistics and cerification by clinical trial. The statistics and verification by clinical trial is necessary with modification for further research.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.215-233
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to help treatment of Anxiety disorder patients through the study on Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) in "Donguibogam" Methods : Author searched the contents of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) in "Donguibogam" and classfied them by concept, pathogenesis and treatment. Results : 1. Concepts of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are to leap up, be nervous and fear something. Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are same kinds of disease but they are only distinguished as their seriousness. 2. There are four main causes of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) such as phlegm and fluid retention(痰飮), insufficiency of the heart(心虛), being blocked of qi(氣鬱) and Hwa(火). Additionally the diseases are caused by astonishment(驚) excessive thought(思慮過度), insufficiency of the liver(肝虛), excessive perspiration and dirarrhea (汗,下過多) insufficiency of qi(氣鬱) 3. the number of herbal medicines which treat Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are 68. In result of analyzing them, the number of herbal medicines to treat phlegm(痰) are 22 and the number of herbal medicines to treat deficiency of the heart blood(血心虛) are 18. 4. The number of herbs which treat Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are 25. They stabilize Hon-Baek(魂魄), spirit(精神) and mind(心神), supplement the heart blood, and treat Damhwa(淡火) and Hwa(火). Poria(茯神) take a rule of leading to the causes of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡).