• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2022

Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. is a rare orchid and has flowers with an attractive fragrance. The present study investigated the tissue culture method for micropropagation. Capsules derived from artificial self-pollination were obtained for the best seed germination in MS basal medium. Plant growth regulators (1.0 mg·L^-1 of BAP and 2.0 mg·L^-1 of NAA) were affected by callus induction from subcultured pseudobulb explants. For the callus subculture, different natural plant extracts were tested in 11 treatment media. Among them, MS medium with 150 mL·L^-1 of coconut water was generally effective in fresh weight (1.75 ± 0.08) and (3.01 ± 0.20) of callus proliferation and PLBs induction at 1 and 2 months, respectively, followed by an MS combination of 30 g·L^-1 of banana and 20 g·L^-1 of potato extract. The results of a comparative study of different MS mediums containing plant growth regulators with a natural extract combination and MS medium supplemented with natural extract only showed that MS medium supplemented with a combination of natural extracts (150 mL·L^-1 of coconut water) and plant growth regulators (2.0 mg·L^-1 of BAP and 1.0 mg·L^-1 of NAA) obtained the highest shoot regeneration (3.37 ± 0.17) and (6.41 ± 0.68) after 1 month and 2 months of culturing, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2010

Jinpi(Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium) is one of the most important material of oriental herbal medicine which is made from the peel of mandarin by washing with hot water and drying. Pesticides have necessarily used for mandarin cultivation according to their preharvest intervals (PHIs) but their maximum residue limits (MRLs) and PHIs for Jinpi are not established yet. This study is to know residue amount of organophosphorus insecticides in Jinpi and to establish the MRLs and PHIs for fenitrothion and phenthoate in Jinpi. Fenitrothion was sprayed once, twice and three times with 7 days interval before harvest. Its residue amount ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 mg/kg in mandarin, 0.59 to 4.02 mg/kg in its peel and 1.66 to 22.38 mg/kg in Jinpi. In case of phenthoate, it was sprayed with 10 days interval for 10 days before harvest. Its residue amounts in mandarin, its peel, and Jinpi ranged from 0.16 to 0.65, 0.69 to 2.41 and 1.69 to 11.3 mg/kg, repectively. Proposed MRLs of fenitrothion and phenthoate for Jinpi are suggested to 22.39 and 11.30 mg/kg, respectively. So we recommend PHIs of the pesticides that fenitrothion can be sprayed 3 times 7 days before harvest and in case of phenthoate, sprayed 3 times 10 days before harvest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.796-804
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the qualitative property of MLT (mulberry leaf tea) and FMLT (fermented mulberry leaf tea) based on the antioxidant, anticancer activities of various extracts. When the antioxidant activity of MLT and FMLT extracts was evaluated, the electron donating activity was found to increase proportionally as the concentration of each extract increased. In addition, the extract of FMLT showed a higher electron donating activity than that of MLT. Furthermore, the ethanol extracts showed the highest electron donating ability. When the SOD activity was evaluated, it was also found to increase proportionally with the concentration of each extract. Furthermore, the SOD activity of the ethanol extract group was the highest, whereas the SOD like activities of both MLT and FMLT were similar. When nitrite decomposition was evaluated for each pH, the highest value was observed at pH 1.2. Finally, the nitrite deleting ability was the highest for the ethanol extracts. When each extract of MLT and FMLT was analyzed in vitro for anticancer effects, they were found to decrease the number of cancer cells proportionally as the concentration of extract increased for both HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, FMLT was found to exert a greater inhibition of cancer cells than MLT. Among the extract groups, the ethanol extract induced the greatest inhibition of the development of cancer cells, and these effects were greater against MCF-7 cells than HeLa cells.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.902-908
• /
• 2017

In this study, the extracted phenolic compounds from 98 species of oriental herbal medicine were examined for biological activities to be used as functional resources. In particular, the anti-gout effect by xanthine oxidase (XOase) inhibition was determined using water and ethanol as extraction solvents because of their non-toxicity in the human body. The extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (83.45%), Cuscuta chinensis (60.22%), Asiasarum sieboldi F. Maekawa (51.66%), Acorus gramineus (67.8%), Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum (75.23%), Thuja orientalis (47.27%), Polygonum aviculare (53.98%), Carthami semen (63.99%), and Syzygium aromaticum (40.22%) showed relatively high XOase inhibitory activity. Chrysanthemum indicum L. was selected for its high XOase inhibitory activity. The biological compounds in Chrysanthemum indicum L. were identified to contain phenolics included in extracts of solids. Ultra-fine grind technology showed a higher extraction yield than normal grind and fine grind technology. Ethanol extracts showed relatively higher XOase inhibitory activity than water extracts. XOase inhibitory activity increased in a dependent manner as phenolic concentration increased. Therefore, ultra-fine grind technology was confirmed for use in increasing the extraction yield of XOase inhibitory compounds from Chrysanthemum indicum L.. Extracts from Chrysanthemum indicum L. are expected to be a useful functional resource for the prevention or treatment of gout.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.437-443
• /
• 2001

Gastrodia elata blume (GEB) is considered to be a useful herbal medicine in oriental countries for the treatment of headache, migraine, dizziness, childhood convulsion, epilepsy, rheumatism, hypertension, neuralgia and neurological disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the quality of bread added with the powder of GEB. The possibility of GEB wheat flour mixture as bread was studied by adding 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% of GEB powder to wheat flour. In Farinograph data, the dough stability decreased with the increase of GEB powder. Granular size of starches ranged from $36\;{\mu}m\;to\;60{\mu}m$, and the shape of them showed a long oval figure. Amylograph showed that the increase in the ratio of GEB on the doughs slightly elevated in the maximum viscosity. The loaf volume of 0.5% powder increased by 10.2% but that of 2.0% decreased by 16.8%. The moisture content was 43.57% in the control but it increased as the powder addition. The colors of crust and crumb were not significantly different among L, b and ${\Delta}E$, but 'a' value in crumb was increased as the powder addition. The addition of the powder had no significant effect on bread texture. In sensory evaluation, the moistness increased as the increase of the powder addition. The control bread was most excellent, and the bread made by mixing additives were better than just 0.5% GEB-wheat flour in terms of quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.496-502
• /
• 2004

The development of sesame varieties which contain high contents of lignan compounds has been progressed in Korea. This study was carried out to get the basic information for the breeding of high quality sesame varieties and the development of health functional food sources using lignan compounds from sesame. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin were $4.08\pm1.74$ and $2.47\pm0.68mg/g$, respectively, from sesame cultivated in 2002 and those were $4.08\pm1.51$ and $2.48\pm0.69mg/g$, respectively, from sesame cultivated in 2003. The content of sesamine was high in the order of Danbaek (6.22 mg/g), Seongbun (5.94 mg/g), Namda (5.83 mg/g), and Naman (5.59 mg/g) producted in 2002 and Seongbun (6.27 mg/g), Dasak (5.53 mg/g), Danbaek (5.50 mg/g), chinbaek (5.45 mg/g), and Seodun (5.41 mg/g) producted in 2003. The content of sesmoline was high in the order of Hwangbaek (3.27 mg/g), Seongbun (3.26 mg/g), Annam (3.22 mg/g), Hanseom (3.17 mg/g), and Danbaek (3.16 mg/g) producted in 2002, and Seongbun (3.21 mg/g), Seodun (3.14 mg/g), Pungan (3.10 mg/g), Naman (3.09 mg/g), and Danbaek (3.04 mg/g) producted in 2003. The contents of sesamin and sesamolin of Yangbaek, which has used as a standard variety for sesame breeding, were relatively lower than in any other varieties. These resluts suggest that Yangbaek is not the proper variety as a standard variety for development of high quality sesame. In conclusion, proper good variety as a standard variety for sesame breeding must be determined after careful consideration on the major quality factors including crude oil and lignan compounds as well as agricultural characteristics to develop high quality sesame varieties containing high contents of lignan compounds.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.645-653
• /
• 2013

The results of examining total soluble solid, reducing sugar, antioxidant and sensory properties regarding LTD (Liriope Tuber Dried), LTSD (Liriope Tuber Steamed and Dried), LTASD (Liriope Tuber Alcohol-Steamed and Dried), LTDR (LTD Roasted), LTSDR (LTSD Roasted) and LTASDR (LTASD Roasted) are as follows : Total soluble solid content of the roasted samples (LTDR, LTSDR and LTASDR) was more than those of all dried samples (LTD, LTSD and LTASD). According to roasting conditions, total sugar and reducing sugar are significantly greater than the raw and dried sample (LTD) in all heat-treated samples. The browning index was significantly higher in all roasted samples. In particular, LTASDR had a high browning index. Further, the antioxidative activity of the roasted LT samples were higher than that of all dried LT samples. In particular, the LTASDR sample showed significantly high figures in DPPH scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, Nitrite scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Sensory properties showed an increased acceptance in all evaluation items among roasted samples. In this study, hot water extracts of steamed or alcohol-steamed roasted LT samples had a higher antioxidative effect than that of LTD or LTDR and attained positive results by getting high scores in the overall sensory evaluation. Therefore, when using Liriope tuber in making beverages or herbal recipes, it is appropriate to dry and roast before steaming or spreading with alcohol when treating LT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.652-658
• /
• 2005

This experimental was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate which have been traditionally applied to postpartum care in Korea, and compare them with the effect of Saenghwtang. Fifty Sprague-Dawley female rats weighing $250\~280$ g were divided into five groups: a normal saline-treated group (NSG), a Saenghuatang-treated group (STG), an Ophicephlus argus-treated group (OTG), and a Crubita moschate-treated group (CTG), also non-pregnant group (NPG). Except for the NPG, each extract was administered for one week to each group after delivery. We measured the WBC, RBC, serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, the platelet count, serum levels of fibrinogen, albumin, thyroxine and urine levels of sodium and potassium. STG showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of WBC count, fibrinogen content and urine levels of sodium and potassium and a significant (p<0.05) increase of RBC, hemoglobin, albumin and thyroxine in comparison with those of the NSG. OTG showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease of WBC count, fibrinogen and the significant (p<0.05) increase of albumin and thyroxine in comparison with those of the NSG. CTG showed a significant (p<0.05) increase of albumin and thyroxine in comparison with that of NSG. These results suggest that Saenghwatang is more effective than Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate for postpartum recuperation although they also have some effects on recuperation of deteriorative blood components after delivery. Therefore, these findings indicate that futher investigation for the other effects of Ophicephalus argus and Crubita moschate is necessary.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.349-355
• /
• 2012

In this study, we configured a system which ranks hazardous chemicals to determine their management priorities based on experts' opinions and the existing CRS (chemical ranking and scoring). Aggregate exposure of food, health functional food, oriental/herbal medicine and cosmetics have been taken into account to determine management priority. In this study, 25 hazardous chemicals were selected, such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic, etc. These 25 materials were ranked according to their 1) risk (exposure or hazard) indexes, 2) exposure source-based weight, and 3) public interests, which were also formed based on the existing priority ranking system. Cadmium was scored the highest (178.5) and bisphenol A the lowest (56.8). Ten materials -- cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, tar, acrylamide, benzopyrene, aluminium, benzene, and PAHs -- scored higher than 100. Eight materials -- aflatoxin, manganese, phthalate, chromium, nitrate/nitrite, ethylcarbamate, formaldehyde, and copper -- recorded scores in the range from 70 to 100. Also evaluated as potential risks were 7 materials; sulfur dioxide, ochratoxin, dioxins, PCBs, fumonisin, methyl mercury, and bisphenol A, and these materials were scored above 50. Then we compared risk index and correlation coefficient of total scores to confirm the validity of the total scores; we analyzed correlation coefficient of parameter and indicator. We discovered that the total score and weight, which has incorporated public interests, were high and statistically significant. In conclusion, the result of this study contributes to strengthening risk assessment and risk management of hazardous chemicals.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.787-795
• /
• 2021

Eupatorium chinensis var. simplicifolium (EUC) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Young sprouts of EUC have been used as food for a long time, and the whole EUC plant has been used as an herbal remedy in oriental medicine. Arteriosclerosis, or chronic inflammation in arterial vessels, is a cardiovascular disease and is involved in various disorders. Cardiovascular diseases such as restenosis and neuropathic hyperplasia are mainly caused by abnormal growth and movement due to multiple growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a mitogen released from damaged vessel walls and is involved in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. To determine the effects of EUC on the abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs, the present study investigated intracellular signaling pathways in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs treated with and without EUC. Pretreating PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs with EUC tended to effectively decrease cell proliferation and migration. Subsequently, the intracellular growth-related signaling pathways of AKT, phospholipase C gamma (PLC-γ), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were investigated using western blotting to confirm inhibited phosphorylation. Furthermore, flow cytometry data showed that EUC blocked the cell cycle of VSMCs. These results suggest that EUC can inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by controlling the cell cycle and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, this indicates that EUC can be used as a preventative against cardiovascular disease resulting from abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs.