• 제목/요약/키워드: organization system

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지적재산권분쟁의 중재적격에 관한 연구 -한국과 중국을 중심으로- (A Study on Arbitration Qualification of Intellectual Property Right Dispute - Focus on Korea and China -)

  • 최송자
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.27-46
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    • 2011
  • In the intellectual based society of the 21th century, intellectual property of nation and enterprise management has been the key element of nation's competitiveness and development. Therefore in countries like Korea, China, and many other countries, intellectual property of advancement strategy are being constructed and intellectual properties are protected at national level. Top priority task of protecting the intellectual property is to efficiently resolute intellectual property right disputes. Considering the nature of intellectual property right and arbitrage system, arbitration to solve intellectual property disputes is realistically the best method. However, not all cases of them are qualified. In order to relieve the intellectual property disputes through arbitration, qualification must be obtained. During the process, generally and globally, intellectual property right dispute is evaluated by three parts, intellectual property right contract dispute, intellectual property right violation dispute, and intellectual property right validity dispute. Based on UN's "Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Agreement" in 1958, June 10th, in New York, both arbitrage organization and judgment can be approved in both Korea and China countries. However, as of today, there is a big gap of arbitration qualification between two countries, which can be troublesome if intellectual property right disputes arise. For instance, in Korea, intellectual property right contract disputes and intellectual property right violation disputes are both generally accepted as arbitration qualification. However for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is only accepted for non-registered intellectual property as in copyright entity. It does not apply to other registered intellectual property right as in patents. In China, arbitration qualification is accepted for intellectual property right contract dispute, and also accepted for intellectual property right violation dispute to copyrights but restricted to others. As for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is completely denied. Therefore, when there is an intellectual property right dispute between Korea and China, the biggest problem is whether China will accept arbitrage judgments made in Korea. Theoretically, arbitrage judgement made in Korea should be also accepted in China's court. However, considering the criticism of China's passive nature of arbitration qualification for its own local intellectual property right disputes, it's very unlikely they'll actively accept arbitrary judgment made in foreign countries. Korea and China must have a more open minded approach for intellectual property disputes and arbitration qualification. Base on WTO's Intellectual Property Right Agreement, it's being defined as private right. Therefore, sovereign principle should be the basic principle of solving intellectual property right disputes. Currently, arbitration qualification is expanding internationally. So both Korea and China must also follow the trend expand the arbitration qualification with a more open minded and forward looking approach, for the good of intellectual property disputes.

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대학병원종사자의 교육훈련 유효성 제고를 위한 연구 (The Study on Education and Training Raise the Effectiveness for University Hospital Employee.)

  • 김영배
    • 한국병원경영학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.96-118
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    • 2007
  • This study were tried to suggest basic materials for making education and training plan, and members of organization were researched about thinking of education and training effectiveness and perceptible level. The subjects of this study were 762 hospital employee selected from ten of university hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyung Gi which are doing an education and training, and conducted a self-completion questionnaire. As a result of study and plan for raising the effectiveness were indicated following statements. Firstly, according to the general specific, training effectiveness was appeared similar. So, it requires suitable alternatives to make educational programs. Secondly, according to analysis of education and training necessity, achieving a goal for education and training have difference. it needs to be scientific analysis about necessity of education and training. Thirdly, when contents of education and training program are satisfied to educatee and fit for them, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher. Therefore, establishing the goal of education training is concrete, realistic, and measurable for increasing learning motivation. Next to, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher, when education and training person in charge taught to educatee very well, and they were satisfied about teaching. Consequently, they who nourishment of education and training person in charge within company have to improve their ability. And then, when educatee fit for teaching technique and satisfied about it, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher. So, education and training were tried to find many of technique for fitting the desire of educatee. Sixth, the more education and training environment is satisfactory, the more educatee have high thinking of education and training effectiveness. CEO in hospitals have to think about many-sided solution for employee. Seventh, the more education and training have correct achieving organizational goal, the more educatee have high thinking of education and training effectiveness. Accordingly, hospital management should make up for education and training system. Then, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher, when education and training measure an effect, and reflect to personnel management and assessment of an employee's performance. It should be the feedback for using information which is planning education and training. In conclusion, when result of measurement of education and training reflect to make a education and training plan, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher, and result of measurement of education and training should reflect to make a education and training plan.

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한국 주거내부공간의 근대화요소에 관한 연구 - 주거사회학적, 문화인류학적, 페미니즘적, 공간구조적 관점에서 본 - (A Study on the Modernization Factors of Interior Spaces in the Korean Housing - From the sociological, anthropological, feministic and tectonic Point of view of housing-)

  • 전남일
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.61-73
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    • 2002
  • The aim of this study is to understand the modernization process of interior spaces in the Korean housing, focused not only on the architectural aspects, but also on the sociological, anthropological and feministic aspects of housing. The development of korean housing from the period of traditional agricultural society and Japanese domination through the period of industrial development to the period of modem industrial society have been reviewed not from the Point of westernization but from the point of Korean own needs for modernity. It also tried to find the determinants of the relationship between social behavior patterns and space organization through historical change of housing plans. As a result, it was found the various western impacts to the continuation or change of Korean housing culture in the modernization process. Consequently this study comes to the concrete results as follows; 1) sociological aspect: The early layout of floorplans, that promoted the communication and contact between the user were changed. The layout of spaces in the modern housing tends to be not interdependence each other and be very isolated from the outdoor spaces. Those Phenomena reflect the trends to the Individualization, equivalence and privatization in the life of family. 2) feministic aspects: Differently from the early kitchen, modern ones locates in the internal space in the housing and the dinning area is appeared. And also the standing work at the kitchen war usually spreaded. Such changes are due to the emancipation of the women and downfall of the subordinate relationship between the genders. 3) anthropological aspects: The lifestyle, in which the user was mostly sitting on the floor, was constantly disappeared by using of furnitures that determines the function of each spaces in the housing. Those change demonstrate the change of behavior Patterns, thus, the needs of differentiation of function as well as the feministic needs. In other word, the coexistence of both fields of work and relax is required. 4) tectonic aspects: In the indoor space of modern housing the rooms are closed each other. Thus, concentrated circulation system act to separate these spaces. It is concrete spatial element that mostly shows the synthetic character of modem housing.

초국가적 위협 및 테러리즘 증가와 통합국경안보체계 구축: 미국, 캐나다, 호주를 중심으로 (Increasing Transnational Threats and Terrorism and Establishment of Integrated Border Security Systems: Focused on U.S., Canada and Australia)

  • 윤태영
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2017
  • 2001년 9월 11일 테러 이후 초국가적 범죄와 테러리즘의 증가로 인해 국경안보의 중요성이 강조됨에 따라 통합적인 CIQ 역량강화가 요구되고 있다. 미국, 캐나다, 호주는 CIQ를 통합하여 여행자 물품 출입국통제 강화 및 공항만 육로 국경보안에 중점을 둔 국경안보 활동을 강화하고 있다. 미국은 2003년 국토안보부 산하에 관세국경관리청(CBP)을 신설하였다. 캐나다도 2003년 공공안전부 산하에 국경보안청(CBSA)을 창설하였다. 호주도 2015년 이민국경보호부(DIBP) 산하로 관세국경보호청을 통합하고, 국경수비대(ABF)를 신설하였다. 그러나 CIQ 업무별 분산된 국경관리체계를 운영하고 있는 한국은 공항만 육로 국경에서 발생하는 불법 출입국, 테러분자 입국, 밀수입, 마약 총기류 밀거래 등 복합적인 국경위협에 통합적으로 대응하기 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 유사성이 높은 세관 및 검역 업무부터 순차적으로 통합하고, 중장기적으로 관세청이 출입국관리 업무를 위임받아 CIQ 업무 전체를 통합하는 방안도 검토해볼 수 있다. 또는 미국, 캐나다, 호주의 CIQ 단일책임기관을 한국의 실정에 맞게 벤치마킹하여 새로운 통합국경안보조직을 신설하는 방안도 있다.

공공부문 EA 추진성과와 발전방안에 관한 연구 (The Study on Strategy Planning and Outcome of EA in the Public sector)

  • 이재두;김은주
    • 정보화연구
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 2012
  • 최근 공공부문에서 EA(Enterprise Architecture)에 대한 관심이 다시 높아 졌다. EA성숙도 결과가 기관의 정보화 수준에 반영되고 비중도 커졌기 때문이다. EA발전에 대한 행정기관 정보화책임관의 참여도도 상승했다. 공공부문에서 EA연구가 '90년대 말부터 시작하여 '05년도 법제화, '06년도 성숙도 모델의 개발 등 제도화와 연계 되면서 IT 환경변화에도 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 그간 도입 위주의 EA정책 추진, 전자정부 UN 평가 연속 1위 반열에서 EA역할 한계 노정, 사용자 친화적 대응체계 부족 등의 과제를 안고 있다. EA관련 연구측면에서도 모델과 성숙도 등 미시적 접근이 다수이고 공공정책으로 거시적 방향 제시는 드물다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제의식을 가지고 공공부문에서 향후 EA 정책방향을 어떻게 추진할 것인가에 대한 함의를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 EA 정책을 시계열적으로 조망하고 분석하고자 한다. 그리고 EA 정책과 기술, 지원시스템의 관점에서 그간의 성과를 분석하고 시사점을 제시한다. 아울러 EA와 관련된 이해당사자와 업무를 통해 나온 요구들을 각 영역별로 정리하고 그 성과와 향후과제들을 도출한다. 이런 결과를 통해 공공부문의 EA관련 이해당사자와 정보화관련 담당들에게 향후 EA추진에 대한 정책방향 설정을 지원함으로써 보다 효율적인 정보화 정책 추진에 도움을 주고자 한다.

Evaluation of Digital PCR as a Technique for Monitoring Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation

  • Lee, Hyeseon;Park, Young-Mi;We, Yu-Mee;Han, Duck Jong;Seo, Jung-Woo;Moon, Haena;Lee, Yu-Ho;Kim, Yang-Gyun;Moon, Ju-Young;Lee, Sang-Ho;Lee, Jong-Keuk
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.2-10
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    • 2017
  • Early detection and proper management of kidney rejection are crucial for the long-term health of a transplant recipient. Recipients are normally monitored by serum creatinine measurement and sometimes with graft biopsies. Donor-derived cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) in the recipient's plasma and/or urine may be a better indicator of acute rejection. We evaluated digital PCR (dPCR) as a system for monitoring graft status using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based detection of donor DNA in plasma or urine. We compared the detection abilities of the QX200, RainDrop, and QuantStudio 3D dPCR systems. The QX200 was the most accurate and sensitive. Plasma and/or urine samples were isolated from 34 kidney recipients at multiple time points after transplantation, and analyzed by dPCR using the QX200. We found that donor DNA was almost undetectable in plasma DNA samples, whereas a high percentage of donor DNA was measured in urine DNA samples, indicating that urine is a good source of cfDNA for patient monitoring. We found that at least 24% of the highly polymorphic SNPs used to identify individuals could also identify donor cfDNA in transplant patient samples. Our results further showed that autosomal, sex-specific, and mitochondrial SNPs were suitable markers for identifying donor cfDNA. Finally, we found that donor-derived cfDNA measurement by dPCR was not sufficient to predict a patient's clinical condition. Our results indicate that donor-derived cfDNA is not an accurate predictor of kidney status in kidney transplant patients.

An improvement of real-time polymerase chain reaction system based on probe modification is required for accurate detection of African swine fever virus in clinical samples in Vietnam

  • Tran, Ha Thi Thanh;Dang, Anh Kieu;Ly, Duc Viet;Vu, Hao Thi;Hoang, Tuan Van;Nguyen, Chinh Thi;Chu, Nhu Thi;Nguyen, Vinh The;Nguyen, Huyen Thi;Truong, Anh Duc;Pham, Ngoc Thi;Dang, Hoang Vu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권10호
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    • pp.1683-1690
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    • 2020
  • Objective: The rapid and reliable detection of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) plays an important role in emergency control and preventive measures of ASF. Some methods have been recommended by FAO/OIE to detect ASFV in clinical samples, including realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, mismatches in primer and probe binding regions may cause a false-negative result. Here, a slight modification in probe sequence has been conducted to improve the qualification of real-time PCR based on World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) protocol for accurate detection of ASFV in field samples in Vietnam. Methods: Seven positive confirmed samples (four samples have no mismatch, and three samples contained one mutation in probe binding sites) were used to establish novel real-time PCR with slightly modified probe (Y = C or T) in comparison with original probe recommended by OIE. Results: Both real-time PCRs using the OIE-recommended probe and novel modified probe can detect ASFV in clinical samples without mismatch in probe binding site. A high correlation of cycle quantification (Cq) values was observed in which Cq values obtained from both probes arranged from 22 to 25, suggesting that modified probe sequence does not impede the qualification of real-time PCR to detect ASFV in clinical samples. However, the samples with one mutation in probe binding sites were ASFV negative with OIE recommended probe but positive with our modified probe (Cq value ranked between 33.12-35.78). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that a mismatch in probe binding regions caused a false negative result by OIE recommended real-time PCR, and a slightly modified probe is required to enhance the sensitivity and obtain an ASF accurate diagnosis in field samples in Vietnam.

Spatial Analysis of Skin Cancer Incidence in Iran

  • Pakzad, Reza;Ghoncheh, Mahshid;Pournamdar, Zahra;Pakzad, Iraj;Momenimovahed, Zohre;Salehiniya, Hamid;Towhidi, Farhad;Makhsosi, Behnam Reza
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권sup3호
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2016
  • Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, including in Iran. Variations in its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. Since there has been a lack of studies on this topic in our country, the present spatial analysis of skin cancer incidence in Iran in 2009 was conducted using data from the cancer registry system for the country. The reported incidences of the disease were standardized on the basis of the World Health Organization population and the direct method. Then the data were inserted into the GIS software, and finally, using the analysis of hot spots (Getis-Ord Gi), high-risk areas were drawn. Provinces that were 1.9 SD higher or lower than the national average were considered hot spots or cold spots, with significance at the level of 0.05. In 2009, a total of 9,964 cases of skin cancer occurred, 3,696 in women and 6,268 in men (standardized incidence rates of 15.8 and 22.6, respectively). The results of the study showed that in men and women, the disease demonstrated high incidence in the central provinces and desert regions. In women, Yazd Province and in men, Qom Province had significant hot spots (p <0.05). While Isfahan, Markazi, Tehran and Kurdistan provinces were expected to be hot spots, the differences from the national average were not significant at the 0.05 level. As well, the provinces of Sistan Va Baluchistan, Kerman, and Hormozgan were identified as cold or low-risk disease regions (p <0.05). The central provinces of the country due to hot weather conditions, more solar radiation, and closer vicinity to the central desert of Iran demonstrated higher incidence rates for skin cancer, so further epidemiological studies into the etiology and early detection are essential in these areas.

팀장의 변혁적 리더십과 팀 구성원의 셀프리더십이 팀 성과에 미치는 영향 -공기업 종사자를 중심으로- (Influence of Team Performance on the Transformational Leadership & SelfLeadership - Focus on the Employees of Public Enterprises -)

  • 배병옥
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.766-777
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 기업 환경의 불확실성이 증가되고 있는 시점에서 변혁적 리더십과 셀프리더십이 팀 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석함으로써 팀제의 효용성과 리더십의 중요성에 대한 시사점을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 조직구성원 간에는 교환관계 질을 형성한다는 LMX이론과 사회교환이론 및 경영환경에 적합한 리더십을 발휘해야 한다는 상황이론을 본 연구의 이론적 배경으로 하고 있다. 국내 공기업 9개사를 대상으로 총 166개 팀 880명의 유효 데이터를 활용하여 SPSS 20.0을 이용 회귀분석으로 연구가설을 증명하였다. 연구결과 팀장의 변혁적 리더십은 팀 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치며, 셀프리더십의 행위전략과 인지전략은 팀장의 변혁적 리더십과 팀 성과 간의 관계를 유의하게 조절하는 것으로 나타남으로써 당초 설정된 연구가설을 모두 채택하게 되었다. 특이한 점은 셀프리더십이 낮은 집단에서 그 효과는 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구결과가 함의한 바는 팀제 조직에서 팀의 관리자가 셀프리더십이 상대적으로 낮은 집단의 구성원들에게 관심을 갖고 실천할 수 있는 목표를 부여하여 구성원 스스로가 동기부여 될 수 있도록 배려한다면 그렇지 않은 경우와 비교해서 팀 성과는 뚜렷이 향상된다는 것이다.

간호사와 간호조무사가 지각하는 방사선사 인식도 (Perception Level of Nurses and Auxiliary Nurses for Radiological technologist)

  • 신성규
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제11권8호
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    • pp.211-220
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 부산광역시 소재 대학병원에 근무하는 간호사와 간호조무사 321명을 대상으로 방사선사의 인식도를 조사하여 방사선사의 위상과 전문적 이미지를 향상시키기 위한 기초 자료를 제공 하고자 연구를 실시한 결과 인식도는 $3.02{\pm}0.42$점이며 영역별로는 직업적 이미지가 높았고 업무적 이미지가 낮았다. 문항별로는 '전문직이다'가 높았고 '환자의 문제를 잘 파악하고 있다'가 가장 낮았다. 교육과정, 시험주관기관을 정확히 알고 있고 의료법상 의료인, 의료기사라고 응답한 대상자들의 인식도가 높았고 호칭을 기사로 사용하는 대상자의 인식도가 낮았다. 방사선사 직업 선택을 찬성하고 의료기관내 위치가 높다는 대상자의 인식도가 높았다. 인식도를 높이기 위한 방안으로 환자에 대한 적극적인 관심과 친절한 태도로 부정적인 이미지를 개선하고 호칭을 정립하기 위한 개인과 협회차원의 홍보와 대책이 필요하며 과거 전문대학의 이미지에서 탈피하기 위한 노력과 학술대회와 보수교육 활성화, 전문방사선사제도의 법령 제정으로 방사선사의 자질과 위상을 높이고 대중매체를 통한 홍보와 모니터링으로 전문직업인으로서의 이미지 향상을 위한 개인과 협회의 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.