• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2017

Indonesia is known as the largest oil palm producer in the world. However, along with the production, it generates wastes and pollution that caused the environmental problem in surrounding areas. Previous researchers reported that the high palm oil mill effluent (POME) concentration inhibited microalgae growth. However, the inhibition factor was not clearly explained by using kinetic model. This study presents kinetic models of Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) cultivated on POME wastewater under different turbidity condition. Results showed that the growth model of Zwietering was closely suitable with experimental results. It was found that B. braunii was able to consume organic carbon from the POME wastewater on the logarithmic model. A modified kinetic model of Monod Haldane described the influence of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand on the cultivation. Turbidity of POME medium inhibited the growth rate at KI 3.578 and KII 179.472 NTU, respectively. The Lipid (39.9%), and carbohydrate (41.03%) were found in the biomass that could be utilized as biofuel source.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1999

Effect of three major cropping seasons and five fertilizer treatments on botanical composition, nutritional composition and in sacco digestibility of native grasses grown in 30 experimental plots of a medium fertile land was determined. It was observed that all the major grass species were grown in all seasons but their predominancy of growth was different. During the study the predominant grass species were Panicum repens (Angta), Fimvristylis miliacea (Joina), Cyanolis axillaries (Kanainala), Cynodon dactylon (Durba) and Cyperus iria (Phulchaise) which contributed about 27, 20, 13, 11 and 9% of the total grass yield, respectively. Dry matter (DM) contents was higher in dry followed by monsoon and summer seasons (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in the summer and monsoon appeared to be higher (p<0.05) than that of dry season. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were higher (p<0.05) in dry and monsoon than in summer season. Application of urea fertilizer and cowdung increased 28.2% of CP content of the grasses, but decreased 19.5 and 9.8% of DM and NDF contents, respectively. The potential degradation of DM and CP of the grasses grown in summer were 4.1 and 8.4% and 3.9 and 5.8% higher than those of monsoon and dry seasons, respectively, and both of these increased (11.3 and 5.9%, respectively) with the application of cowdung and urea fertilizer.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1975

Bismuthsubgallate is a compound of indefinite composition containing bismuth and gallic acid. Because its structure was indefinite, many papers have been reported for it. But these are different one another and the relationship between the physical properties, structure and manufacturing condition has not been yet reported. In this experiment, bismuthsubgallate was prepared from bismuthsubgallate and gallic acid in an acetic medium at $65^{\circ}$, and dried at four different temperatures $30^{\circ}\;65^{\circ}\;105^{\circ}\;and\;155^{\circ}$. And some of the other relative bismuth organic compounds were prepared. To each product. elemental analysis, IR spectra and DTA, TGA curves were determined. These results revealed the followings; l. The structure of bismuthsubgallate is comfirmed as a complex form of gallomonohydroxo-bismutic acid monohydrate and its yellow colour dependent upon complex anion in the structure. 2. According to the drying temperature, the hydrate content of bismuthsubgallate is quite different: dihydrate at room temperature, mono-hydrate at. $65^{\circ}$, anhydrous at $105^{\circ}$ and decomposed partial1y oganic substance of the structure above $155^{\circ}$.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.520-526
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• 1997

Bacterial strains which degrade Arabian Light crude oil were isolated by enrichment culture from oil-spilled soil. The strain A54 was finally selected after testing emulsifying activity and oil conversion rate. Strain A54 was identified as a Acinetobacter sp. based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. It appears to be highly specialized for growth on Arabian Light crude oil in minimal salts medium since it showed preference for oil or degradation products as substrates for growth. It was found that it could grow on at least fifteen different hydrocarbons. The optimum cultural and environmental conditions were as follows; 25$\circ$C for temperature, 7,5 for pH, 2.0% for NaCl concentration and 2.0% for crude oil concentration. Additionally, the optimal concentration of NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$, and K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, were 12.5 mM and 0.057 mM, respectively. Cell growth and emulsifying activity as a function of time were also determined. Crude oil degradation and the reduction of product peaks were identified by the analysis of remnant oil by gas chromatography. Approximately 63% of crude oil were converted into a form no longer extractable by mixed organic solvents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2006

A bacterial strain HJ-14 was isolated as a producer of antioxidants from the coast of Jinhae in Korea. The isolate showed 43.4mol% of G+C content, and contained dihydrogenated ubiquinone with Q8 as a major quinone. Chemotaxonomic analysis as well as phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rDNA sequence, identified the isolate as a member of Alteromonas macleodii. For antioxidant production, the optimum medium composition was determined to be 3% dextrin, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, and 2-6% sodium chloride. Optimum culture conditions for production of antioxidant materials with strain HJ-14 were at pH 6.0-8.0 and $25-37^{\circ}C$. The chloroform extract of strain HJ-14 broth showed 1.96-17.5-fold higher antioxidant activity than other organic solvents in term of electron donating ability.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.283-289
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• 1987

Uric acid transport across the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubules was studied in rabbit kidney cortical slices. Uric acid uptake was greater under $O_2$ atmosphere compared to under $N_2$ atmosphere, and was increased with $Na^{2+}$ concentration in incubation medium. Uric acid inhibited PAH uptake but not TEA uptake and did trans-stimulated PAH efflux. PAH also inhibited uric acid uptake. Uric acid uptake was inhibited by harmaline, ouabin, SITS, DIDS and pyrazinoic acid. The inhibition of PAH uptake by these inhibitors also was reasonably comparable to that of uric acid uptake. These results suggest that uric acid was transported across the basolateral membrane of renal tubule by a carrier-mediated process which was by a common transport system with PAH in rabbit.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Bacillus cereus 1-1 균주는 광이 없는 호기적 환경에서 levulinic acid와 같은 저해제 처리 없이도 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)를2 mM까지 생산하였다. B. cereus 1-1 균주는 TCY 배지에서 전 배양과 본 배양을 18시간 동안 지속하고, 배지의 pH가 6.8에 도달하는 대수기 후기에 acetic acid를 비롯한 유기산들을 16 mM 첨가하였을 때 많은 ALA를 생산하였으며, 본 배양 시작시 0.3% glucose를 첨가하는 것이 효과적이었다. Acetic acid 대신 glutamic acid를 첨가하였을 때 ALA 생산이 8시간 이상 지속되었고, $40\;{\mu}M$의 gabaculine을 첨가하면 생산이 현저히 저해되는 것으로 보아 B. cereus 1-1 균의 ALA 생산은 C-5 경로에 의함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2
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• pp.1151-1154
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• 2003

Ultraviolet rays, OH H O radical and $O_3$ produced by the streamer discharge in water are widely used to deactivate microorganisms and remove organic contaminants in water and the dominant factor of these decomposition is the oxidized reaction of hydrogen peroxide and dissolved $O_3$ in water. In this paper, the barrier discharge was used to create plasma in a gas, liquid and solid medium and the electrode with the reactor combined barrier with packed type(BPR) was made as noncontact way against water so that the effect of water characteristic change by the erosion of electrodes exposing in water should be minimized. The active radical and $O_3$ gas generated in plasma region were reacted into the water as electrode so that at the same time a dissolved $O_3$ and hydrogen peroxide were formed in water and The change of pH and conductivity were measured.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 1985

Rusty root of ginseng has been known as one of the limiting factors in ginseng production in Korea. An attempt was, therefore, made to elucidate biological and chemical natures of the rusty root, and the redox Potential of the ginseng cultivated soils were measured and compared with diseased and non-diseased soils. Reddish discoloration was most frequently observed on the epidermis of ginseng root and the pigments were accumulated in all epidermal cells of the diseased lesions. The lower the redox potential of the ginseng cultivated soil was, the more severe the rusty root was observed. Fe content in the diseased epidermis was 3 times higher than that of healthy one. Organic acids such as oxalic, malonic, succinic, and citric acids were also higher in the mss root than in the healthy one. Thin layer chromatogram of phenolic acid fractions obtained from the epidermal cells of the rusty root of ginseng exhibited 3 to 4 unidentified substances not found in the healthy root. Also lignification of the epidermal cells and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase were greater in the rusty root than the healthy root. Colony formation and conidia production of F. solani, And mycelial growth and sclerotium formation of Sclerotinia sp. isolated from ginseng root were suppressed in a nutritionally minimal medium supplemented with water extract of rusty ginseng root epidermis. It is, therefore, suggested that rusty root of ginseng is caused by unfavorable rhizosphere environmental stress or stresses resulting abnormal metabolism in the root as a selfdefence mechanism of non-specific resistance responses.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2005

Nutrients removal performance of a contact oxidation reactor covered with soil was investigated when basalt rubble was used as a contact medium under various operating conditions. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effectiveness of the system by measuring the removal efficiencies of nutrients from a technical and economical viewpoint. Under the ranges of HRT(20 and 40 hrs) in the experiment, the removal rates of organic matter were as high as 97.5% by showing an effluent $BOD_5$ of less than 10 mg/L. The test of nitrogen removal when the turf was planted on the top soil showed that the average removal rate increased as much as 25% as compared to that without planting. It was suggested that the construction and maintenance cost could be reduced over 20% when the HRT of the system was decreased from 72 to 40 hrs.