• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1989

The extractable organic matter was extraced from airborne particulates collected in Seoul during 1986. It was fractionated to several fracrtions and mutagenicities of them were tested in Salmonella thyphimurium TA98 by Ames method. The neutral fraction showed the highest indirect acting mutagenicity while the highest direct acting mutagenicity was observed in the acidic fraction. Indirect acting mutagenicity of airborne particulate was attributed to its neutral fraction about 88% in average, to acidic about 10% in average and to basic fraction about 2% in average. Direct acting mutagenicity of airborne particulate was attributed to its neutral fraction about 70%, to acidic fraction about 29% and to basic fraction about 1%. Among five subfractions of neutral fraction, the proportion of mutagenicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon subfraction was 13.2% in indirect acting mutagenicity and 5.0% in direct acting mutagenicity.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.16
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• pp.51-60
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• 1996

This research was performed for the fundamental data using a advanced treatment process of piggery wastewater. Characteristics of influent wastewater was divided with various methods in fixed biofilm batch reasctor. Fractons of organic were divided into readily biodegradable soluble COD(Ss), slowly biodegradable COD(Xs), nonbiodegradable soluble COD($S_I$), and nonbiodegradable suspended COD($X_I$). Experimental results were summerized as following : i) biodegradable organics fraction in piggery wastewater was about 88.1 percent, and fraction of readily biodegradable soluble COD was about 66.1 percent. ii) Fractions of nonbiodegradable soluble COD was 11~12 percent, and soluble inert COD by metabolism was producted about 6~8 percent. iii) Active biomass fraction of attached biofilm was about 54.7 percent, and substrate utilization rate and maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophs were $8.315d^{-1}$ and $3.823d^{-1}$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2002

Humic acid, fulvic acid and humin present in volcanic ash soil were isolated by IHSS standard procedure and their characteristics were analyzed as a basic study to evaluate the effect of humic substances on the behaviour of pollutants in contaminated surface soil. The volcanic ash soil contained 42.1 % of total organic matter based on the oven-dried soil, and humin, humic and fulvic acids corresponded to 67.5 %, 15.2 %, 7.6 % of TOM respectively. Structural informations of the humic fractions were obtained from their elemental analysis and IR, CPMAS C-13 NMR spectral analysis and the differences among them are discussed with their C/H, O/C ratios and distributions of carbon types in the molecules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.16-19
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• 2006

Humin is the insoluble fraction of humic materials and play an important roles in the irreversible sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants onto soil particles. However, there have been limited knowledge about the sorption and chemical properties of humin due to the difficulties in its separation from the inorganic matrix(mainly clays and oxides). In this study, do-ashed humin was isolated from a soil sample after removing free lipid and alkali-soluble humic fractions followed by dissolution of mineral matrix with 2% HF, and characterized by elemental analysis, C-13 NMR spectroscopic method. Sorption behavior of 1-naphthol with humin was also investigated from aqueous solution. C-13 NMR spectra indicate that humin molecules are mainly made up of aliphatic carbon including carbohydrate, methylene chain etc.. Sorption intensity for 1-naphthol was increased as organic carbon content of humin increased and log Koc values for the 1-naphthol sorption were determined to be ${\sim}3.12$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.372-378
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• 2003

This study investigates the fractional composition and the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in polluted soils due to mining activities. The fractionated composition of heavy metals is classified into five fractions, adsorbed, carbonate, reducible, organic and residual fraction. The status of humic substances in mine wastes of most sites are polyhumic except tailing from Sangdong mine. According to the sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), leaching probabilities of Cd in coal wastes and tailing are relatively low due to high percentage of residual fraction. 46.4% of Ni in tailings from Sangdong mine is probably leached under oxidized environment, and 39.4% of Cu in these tailings is readily extracted under strongly oxidized environment by organic fraction. According to leaching condition of pH 3.0 and pH 5.6, the amount of heavy metals leached out of coal wastes and tailing increases to 1/2 hours. At pH 3.0 and pH 5.6, concentration of Ni in tailing increases up three times of the initial value. Heavy metals released from coal wastes and tailing were not influenced significantly by leaching time.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.B
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• pp.109-114
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• 2007

Humic substances generally comprise 30-50% of the dissolved organic carbon in water. They can affect water quality adversely in several ways and they are important from a water treatment perspective due to their role as precursors for the formation of chlorination by-products such as trihalomethanes. The objectives of this research are to investigate the characteristics of organic matter using raw water of Chuncheon area, to isolate the humic substance fractions from natural water samples, and characterize the extracted humic substances. Humic substances were fractionated according to "isolation of IHSS aquatic humic and fulvic acids" using XAD resin adsorption technique. Characteristics of humic substances were analyzed through DOC, $UV_{254}$, $SUVA_{254}$, FT-IR spectra, fluorescence analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidative effects of various Nandina domestica fruits extracts. Organic fractions, including n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions, were obtained from the water and ethanol extracts of N. domestica fruits. The phenolic compound content of the EE fraction was 922.22 mg/g. The flavonoid compound content was highest in the EB fraction (282.49 mg/g). The electron-donating ability was highest (93%) in the WA and EH fractions at 0.1 mg/mL. The SOD-like activity was showed the highest in the EA fraction (56.36%), and EH and EC both showed higher than 50% activity. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the EC fraction at 1.0 mg/mL under pH 1.2 conditions was 82.03%. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of all the fractions, except WE, were higher than 90% at 0.5 mg/mL. The effect of tyrosinase inhibition was highest in the WE fraction (46.75%). These results show that the N. domestica fruits fractions contained high levels of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, along with excellent antioxidative effects. This suggests that N. domestica fruits can be used as a functional material.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Climate change is believed to increase the amount of dissolved organic matter in surface water, as a result of the release of bulk organic matter, which make difficult to achieve a high quality of drinking water via conventional water treatment techniques. Therefore, the natural water treatment techniques, such as managed aquifer recharge (MAR), can be proposed as a alternative method to improve water quality greatly. Removal of bulk organic matter using managed aquifer recharge system is mainly achieved by biodegradation. Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) can be used as water quality indicators for biological stability of drinking water. In this study, we compared the change of BDOC and AOC with respect to pretreatment methods (i.e., ozone or peroxone). The oxidative pretreatment can transform the recalcitrant organic matter into readily biodegradable one (i.e., BDOC and AOC). We also investigated the differences of organic matter characteristics between BDOC and AOC. We observed the decreases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the tryptophan-like fluorescence intensities. Liquid chromatographic - organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis also showed the reduction of the low molecular weight (LMW) fraction (15% removed, less than 500 Da), which is known to be easily biodegradable, and the biopolymers, high molecular weight fractions (66%). Therefore, BDOC consists of a broad range of organic matter characteristics with respect to molecular weight. In AOC, low molecular weight organic matter and biopolymers fraction was reduced by 11 and 6%, respectively. It confirmed that biodegradation by microorganisms as the main removal mechanism in AOC, while BDOC has biodegradation by microorganism as well as the sorption effects from the sand. $O_3$ and $O_3+H_2O_2$ were compared with respect to biological stability and dissolved organic matter characteristics. BDOC and AOC were determined to be about 1.9 times for $O_3$ and about 1.4 times for $O_3+H_2O_2$. It was confirmed that $O_3$ enhanced the biodegradability by increasing LMW dissolved organic matter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.753-761
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• 2005

In this study, pretreatment of organic matters with $MIEX^{(R)}$ was evaluated using bench-scale experimental procedures on four organic matters to determine its effect on subsequent UF membrane filtration. For comparison, coagulation process was also used as a pretreatment of UF membrane filtration. Moreover, the membrane fouling potential was identified using different fractions and molecular weights of organic matters. From the removal property of MW organic matters by coagulation process for the sample water NOM and AOM, the removal efficiency of high MW organic matters were much higher than those of low MW organic matters. It was shown that the removal efficiency of high MW organic matter more than 10 kDa was lower than that of low MW organic matter for $MIEX^{(R)}$ process. For the change of permeate flux by the pretreatment process, $MIEX^{(R)}$+UF process showed high removal efficiency of organic matter as compared with coagulation-UF processes, but high reduction rate of permeate flux was presented through the reduction of removal efficiency of high MW organic matter. From sequential filtration test results in order to examine the effect of MW of organic matter on membrane fouling, it was found that the membrane foulant was occurred by high MW organic matter, and the DOC of organic matter less than 0.5 mg/L was working as the membrane foulant. In the case of sample water composed of low MW organic matter less than 10 kDa, since the low MW organic matter less than 10 kDa has high removal efficiency by $MIEX^{(R)}$, low reduction rate of permeate flux is obtained as compared with coagulation-UF processes. In summary, it is required to conduct the research on physical/chemical characteristic of original water before pretreatment process of membrane process is selected, and a pertinent pre-treatment process should be employed based on the physical/chemical characteristic of original water.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2000

The study war carried out to evaluate the characteristics of inorganic phosphate factions in soil mixed with paper mill sludge compost(PMSC). The experiments were conducted by an incubation test. For the incubation test, application rates of PMSC to soil were 0, 2, 8, and 16%. Water content of the samples mixed with PMSC were adjusted to 10% and 15% and incubating temperatures of the samples were kept at $4^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results can be concluded as follows; pH increased depending on the higher rates of PMSC application to the soil during the incubation tests, because calcium content was $4.9cmol_c/kg$ and contents of nutrients were high. When the application rates of PMSC were increased Saloid-P and Fe-P decreased, while Al-P and Ca-P in soil increased during the incubation tests.