• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

The present study was performed to investigate the binding affinity of the ethanol extract from the leaves of Morus alba (EMA) and some EMA related plant materials (EMA-D, EMA-DM) for melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor (MCH-1) and also to examine the antagonistic effect of them for the recombinant MCH-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells. EMA, dichloromethane fraction (EMA-D) and EMA-DM exhibited high affinity for mammalian MCH receptor in receptor binding assays ($IC_{50}$ value: 2.3, 1.6 and $1.0{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). Other plant materials (MMA-D, MMA-DM) obtained from methanol extracts from the leaves of Morus alba (MMA) also exhibited high affinity for mammalian MCH receptor, even though the $IC_{50}$ values of them were lower than those of EMA-D and EMA-DM. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human MCH-1, EMA-DM and EMA-D significantly inhibited MCH-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase ($IC_{50}$ values: 16.5 and $22.7{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). These results clearly indicate that the ethanol extract from the leaves of Morus alba (EMA) and some EMA related plant materials (EMA-D, EMA-DM) are novel selective MCH-1 receptor antagonist, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

본 연구는 편백나무 건조 중 발생하는 휘발성 유기화합물로 구성된 응축수에 대해 항진균 및 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 응축수는 hexane과 ethyl acetate로 각각 추출하였으며 추출액의 농도 100-500 mg/L에서 피부사상균에 대한 항진균 활성을 측정하였다. 추출액 농도가 증가할수록 항진균 효과도 증가하였으며 500 mg/L에서는 모든 피부사상균에 대해 높은 항진균 활성을 나타냈다. 추출용매에 따라서는 hexane으로 추출하였을 경우 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, 특히 Trichophyton rubrum에 대한 항진균 활성이 높았다. 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 25 mg/L 이상의 농도에서는 90% 이상의 항산화 활성을 나타냈으며 추출용매에 따른 차이는 거의 없었다. 하지만 25 mg/L 이하의 농도에서는 hexane 추출물에서 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. 각각의 추출물 구성성분을 분석한 결과 hexane 추출물의 주요 구성성분은 torreyol, alpha-cadinol, tau-cadinol이며, ethyl acetate 추출물의 주요 구성성분은 alpha-amorphene, alpha-cadinol, gamma-cadinene으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2011

Herbicidal effects and crop selectivity of aqueous leaf extracts of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were evaluated against several weed species for developing sustainable weed management in organic farming. Aqueous sorghum leaf extracts were highly phytotoxic to different weed species. No broadleaf weeds were germinated in the concentration of 5 fold or higher concentrated sorghum leaf extracts and 90% of seed germination was inhibited within that range in grass species. Sorghum leaf extracts strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds by pre-emergence and foliar applications in greenhouse condition. Foliar application of sorghum leaf extracts had a higher inhibitory effect than the pre-emergence application. Broadleaf weed species were more susceptible than grasses to the application of sorghum leaf extract in foliar applications than grasses. Galium spurium, Erigeron candensis, and Rumex japonicus were completely killed at the highest concentrated sorghum leaf extract both in pre-emergence and foliar application. Most broadleaf weed species were inhibited more than 80% at pre-emergence application at 50 fold concentrated sorghum leaf extract. G. spurium, E. candensis, R. japonicus, Eclipta alba, Plantago asiatica and Portulaca oleraeea were most susceptible to sorghum leaf extract in foliar application. Growth of most broad leaf weed species was suppressed by greater than 90% at 50 fold concentrated sorghum leaf extract. Most crop species were tolerant to sorghum leaf extract but shoot growth was slightly reduced by the application of 40~50 fold concentrated extracts, Sorghum leaf extract may used to control weeds in organic fanning without affecting the growth of crop.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

실내에서 복숭아씨살이좀벌 성충 침적법으로 유기농업자재에 의한 살충효과를 조사한 결과, 2014년에 'Extract of Sophora flavescens roots'가 84.7%의 살충률을 보였으며, 'Extracts of Neem II' 등 5개 자재는 100%의 살충률을 보였고, 2015년에 'Plant extract Matrine 0.5%+paraffin oil 8%'와 'Plant extract+pyrolignous acid Matrine 0.45%'가 각각 100, 94.6%의 보정살충율을 보였는데, 광양 다압 지역에서의 방제효과가 2014년과 2015년 4년 4월 21일에 살포시 방제효과가 좋아 실내와 포장에서 처리가 일치하는 경향을 보였고, Plant extract Matrine 0.5%+paraffin oil 8%'도 2015년에 실내와 포장에서의 살충효과가 유사한 양상을 보였다. 한편, 유기농업자재 살포시기에 따른 방제효과는 대체로 광양 다압 농가에서는 4월 하순 살포가, 순천 황전 농가에서는 4월 하순~5월 상순에 살포하는 것이 방제효과가 좋았는데, 광양 다압에서 2015년에 4월 21일과 27일 각각 1회씩 살포한 것과 2회 살포한 시험수에서 방제효과 차이는 없었으나 순전 황전 지역의 농가에서는 2회 살포한 시험수에서 방제 효과가 더 좋았다. 따라서, 유기재배 매실에서 살충효과가 있는 유기농업자재의 사용은 4월 중하순에 2회 이상 방제가 필요하고, 피해 양상이나 주변의 여건에 맞추어 방제전략을 수립하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1986

The writer measured methemoglobin formation with solvent (n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol) organic extracts from the sediments of the Wonju stream run through Wonju city on Octover 2nd, 1985. Hemoglobin was converted to methemoglobin with the n-hexane extract obtained from the sediment of the St. C and St. D was polluted industrial wastewater, but not with that from the St. B was polluted with the urban wastewater. The formation of methemoglobin was remarkable with the all solvent extracts from the sediment of the uper stream of the Wonju stream. Doses of the solvent extracts for 20% methemoglobin formation in the researched Wonju streams were as follows; 0.095～0.28 mg/m.$\ell$ in n-hexane extract. 0.85-1.3 mg/ m$\ell$ in methanol extract and 1.95～2.80 mg/m$\ell$ in ethylacetate extract.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1430-1436
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• 2017

본 연구는 수확 후 버려지는 양파 잔재물과 쇠비름으로부터 추출한 수액을 유기농 양파 재배 시 시비하여 유기농 양파의 수확량, 품질 등에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 도복기 때의 양파 생육은 초장, 엽수, 엽초경에서 식물추출액 처리구들이 무처리구보다 좋았다. 양파 수확량도 식물 추출액 처리구들이 무처리구보다 유의성 있게 증가되었으며(p<0.05), 구 중 분포에서는 상품성이 있는 300 g 이상의 대구 양파가 양파와 쇠비름 추출액 혼용 처리구에서 다른 처리구들보다 유의성 있게 증가 되었다(p<0.05). 양파의 무기성분 함량은 양파와 쇠비름 추출액 혼용 처리구에서 생산된 양파가 다른 처리구들에서 생산된 양파보다 석회와 황을 제외한 다량원소들이 높게 함유되었다. 양파의 경도는 양파와 쇠비름 추출액 혼용 처리구에서 생산된 양파가 양파 잔재물 추출액 처리구와 무처리구에서 생산된 양파보다 각각 8%와 20% 높게 나와 유의성을 나타내었지만(p<0.05), 당도는 모든 처리구에서 생산된 양파가 비슷하게 나와 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 양파 수확 후 토양의 무기성분 함량은 양파 잔재물 추출액 처리구 토양에서 인산, 칼슘, 황산, 망간에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 양파 수확 후 버려지는 잔재물과 길가에 방치되는 쇠비름의 추출물이 유기 양파 재배 시 천연 친환경 자재로 활용 가치가 있다고 보겠다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.257-270
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• 2022

The aim of this work was to prepare a new biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) submicron fiber mat loaded with hypericin-rich Hypericum perforatum raw extract by centrifugal spinning technology, an alternative approach to the traditional method of electrospinning to fabricate nanofibers or microfibers from solutions at high speed and low cost. Hypericins in methanol/acetone extract of H. perforatum were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS and HPLC/PDA. Submicron fiber mats composed of pure PHB or PHB enriched with H. perforatum extract were prepared using a pilot plant demonstrator for the centrifugal spinning technology and characterized by SEM. Singlet oxygen production was quantified by the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPIBF) method in hexane. The results proved a significant production of singlet oxygen by the prepared submicron fiber mat. We also found a significant antibacterial activity against the bacterial strain Escherichia coli CCM 5417 by a method in accordance with JIS Z 2801/ISO 22196 standards. The H. perforatum extract-enriched PHB submicron fiber mats showed potential for the development of self-cleaning and antimicrobial air filters.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.134-143
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• 1979

It order to extract the soluble organic substances of Korean ginseng effectively, the ginseng extract have been made by using amylase. The investigation on the optimum condition of enzyme reaction was carried out, and the amounts of gained extract and its saponin pattern were compared among the ethanol extract, water extract and enzyme extract. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The gaining ratio or ginseng extract was the highest value when the raw ginseng and dried ginseng were extracted in the concentration of 7.5% and 5% with 0.3%∼0.6% enzyme for 25 hour. 2. The amounts of ethanol extract, water extract and enzyme extract were 9.14%, 17.23% and 23.73% in case of raw ginseng and 64.09%, 72.52% and 74.36% in case of dried ginseng, respectively. The amount of enzyme extract was increased as much as 6∼14% in case of raw ginseng, and 2∼10% in case of dried ginseng compared with that of ethanol and water extract. 3. The absolute content of saponin was nearly constant in spite of the different extraction method and all of the ginseng saponin pattern of thin-layer chromatograms were almost same.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

Antibacterial activity is an important feature for the development of antibiotics alternatives. Plant extract is considered as a promising alternative for organic farming. In this study, a total of 11 plants were extracted using ethanol to determine their antibacterial activities against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella gallinarum. The synergistic interaction among plant extracts was also investigated. Plants used in this study were Carthamus nctoricus L. (pA), Poncirus trifollata Raf. (pB), Scutellaria balcalensis Georgi (pC) Prunus sargentii (pD), Cucurbita moschata $D_{UCH}$ Leaf (pE), Allium cepa L. peel (pF) Portulaca oleracea L. (pG), Xanthium strumarium L. (pH), Duchesnea chrysantha (pI), Cudrania tricuspidata (pJ) and Juniperus chinensis L. (pK). The pB and pA had the most broad antibacterial spectrum and the highest activity against to Staph. aureus among plant extract, respectively. In the synergistic interaction, the mixtures of pA and pC as well as pA and pF had batter antibacterial activity against to Staph. Aureus compared with other mixtures.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1982

Uremia is associated with defective protein binding of weakly acidic drugs, whereas the protein binding of basic drugs tends to be normal. The exact chemical nature of compound(s) and mechanism for these changes as yet is unknown, and has not been defined. Organic solvent extraction of pooled normal human urine following hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid produced an extract, which when added to normal human serum, was capable of inducing binding defects similar to those in uremia. Binding defects were observed with the weakly acidic drugs such as nafcillin, salicylate, sulfamethoxazole and phenytoin while the binding of the basic drugs such as trimethoprim and quinidine were unaffected. The binding defects induced by the hydrolyzed urine extract could readily be corrected by same organic solvent extraction of acidified serum and the defects could be transferred to the normal human serum using the organic solvent layer at the physiologic pH (7.4). Followed by reacidification ind extraction of the binding defects induced serum with the same solvent, separated several fractions were obtained on thin-layer chromatography. One of these fractions could reinduce the binding defects and this factor(s) is apparently weakly acidic compounds and tightly bound to serum at physiologic pH, but extractable at acidic pH, and its molecular weight range is approximately 500 or less similar to those seen in uremia. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the drug binding defect in uremia is due to the accumulation of endogenous metabolic products which arc normally excreted by the kidneys but accumulate in renal failure.