• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.821-831
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify the insecticidal effect of a mixture of sophora extract and Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera exigua on potted chinese cabbage in both laboratory and plastic house condition. In laboratory condition, mortality of larvae by BT ($1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, $1{\times}10^7cfu\;ml^{-1}$) alone was 27.5%, 51.3% and 92.5%, respectively, which was depend upon concentration of BT. Control efficacy of the mixture of BT and sophora extract was 98.8%, 88.8% and 91.3% which was higher than BT treatment only. The mixture of sophora and lower BT concentration was showed more increase of control efficacy. Anti-feedant effect by BT was depend on concentration of BT. At field experiment, the mixture of BT and sophora extract appeared higher mortality (72.2%, 67.8%, 61.1%) than BT treatment only (14.4%, 26.7%, 66.7%) similar with laboratory experiment. The mixture was less affected by environmental condition at field than BT only. Therefore, for effective control of beet armyworm without possibility to develop resistance against BT at farm, treatment of the mixture of sophora extract (0.033%) and BT ($1{\times}10^5cfu\;ml^{-1}$) would be considered more effective than BT treatment only.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2016

The stabilities of bioactive compounds in cinnamon or derris extract were investigated in commercial agricultural organic materials (biopesticide) during storage on different temperature conditions ($0^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, and $54^{\circ}C$). The selected bioactive compounds were cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamyl alchol in cinnamon extract and deguelin, and rotenone in derris extract. Half-lives of the total cinnamyl derivatives in biopesticide (A, B, C, and D) ranged from 15.1 to 46.2 days on the different temperature and cinnamaldehyde was more stable than cinnamyl alcohol in the biopesticide. The half-lives of total rotenoid ranged from 1.7 to 173 days on the different temperature in the tested biopesticide (E, F, and G) containing derris extract. The stabilities of deguelin, and rotenon in the biopesticide showed similar values in the same condition.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.132-140
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• 2006

This investigation into unfermented soybeans, which were left from the soybeans used to make cheongguk-jang, was conducted to find out its availability of the application to the environmental-friendly fertilizers. The test of cultivating lettuce, using 1/5000a Wagner pot, was carried out inside the affiliated farm glasshouse, belonged to University of Chung-Nam National. The results showed that in the category of leaf length, the control and cheongguk-jang soybeans treatment plot had similar outcomes and in the category of the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybeans, it increased by about 26~33%. And in the categories of width and number of leaves it showed that the extract treatment increased by about 9~20%, in compared to the control. Finally, in the category of fresh weight, the results showed that cheongguk-jang soybean and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean effectively increased by about 9~27%, and that pig manure compost treatment plot with the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean also significantly increased by about 26%, compared to the control. Accordingly, the unfermented soybean left in the production of cheongguk-jang and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean are considerably appeared to be valuable environmental-friendly fertilizers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.910-914
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• 2005

This study was to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of leaf, bark and xylem of Quercus aliena Blume and, consecutively, of organic solvent subfractions against food borne pathogens. The ethanol extracts of leaf, bark and xylem of Quercus aliena Blume were shown to have antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were more resistant to ethanol extracts of the Quercus aliena Blume tissues compared with Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The ethanol extract of Quercus aliena Blume leaf showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens, followed by those of xylem and bark. The ethanol extract treatment $(500\~1,000\mu g/mL)$ of Quercus aliena Blume leaf completely reduced the growth of B. cereus and L. monocytogenes within 24 hour whereas $2,000\mu g/mL$ of ethanol extract was needed for complete growth inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium. Among organic solvent subfractions obtained from the ethanol extract of leaf, bark and xylem of Quercus aliena Blume, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, but no antimicrobial activity was observed in chloroform, hexane and water fractions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.514-520
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• 2019

This study investigated the improved lipid metabolism effect of 3T3-L1 cells induced by adipocytes using the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction in the organic solvent extract of Wassong (Orostachys japonicus). To confirm the cell cytotoxicity, each of 6 fractions of organic solvent extracts (EtOH, Hexane, DCM, EtOAc, BuOH, and H₂O) was examined using MTS assay. As a result, it was confirmed that the DCM extract was stable over the whole range of concentrations, and a DCM fraction was used to confirm the improved lipid metabolism effect. Lipid excretion was measured to confirm the change of lipid metabolism. 3T3-L1 cells induced by adipocytes were treated with DCM extract and stained with oil-red O to evaluate lipid accumulation. As a result, it was confirmed that the lipid efflux was significantly improved. In order to confirm the mechanism of lipid efflux, the mRNA expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are lipid transport proteins, were confirmed by real-time PCR. Therefore, the present study confirmed that the DCM extract from Orostachys japonicus has the effect of improving the lipid metabolism on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the results of this study will be used as the basis for the development of functional foods using Orostachys japonicus and also for conducting research on the detailed mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2024

Plantago asiatica L. (P. asiatica) is a perennial plant belonging to the plantaginaceae and is useful in treating a various diseases such as wounds, bronchitis, and chronic constipation. The bioactive effects of P. asiatica extract was evaluated to determine its potential for use as a variety materials in the food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents, free radical scavenging, reducing power activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression were measured to identify the antioxidative activity. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated via analysis of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell. As a result of measuring the antioxidant activities of the P. asiatica extract, the total polyphenol content was 50.91±0.78 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and the flavonoid content was 100.99±0.44 mg rutin equivalents/g, and both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power increased depending on the concentration. Also, intracellular ROS production was inhibited by the P. asiatica extract. No cytotoxicity was observed when P. asiatica extract was treated, and NO and inflammatory protein expression were inhibited, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation was also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, P. asiatica is a functional natural resources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that can be used in various industries, including food and agriculture.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2006

In the present study, Dravya-an organic compound used for seed treatment along with the common fungicides to test its compatibility in the management of Alternaria padwickii in paddy. Dravya (a sea weed extract) was found highly compatible with fungicides like Bavistin and Dithane M-45. Incidence of Alternaria padwickii and Bipolaris oryzae was also reduced to a greater extent in the paddy seed samples of Dravya treatment. On the other hand, it also enhanced the seed germination and seedling vigour. Seedlings of treated samples also showed enhanced activity of peroxidase upon challenge inoculation with Alternaria padwickii. The enzyme activity in the seedlings challenged with the pathogen was two fold more over control. The suppression in disease incidence in growing plants indicated the promising effect of Dravya and Dithane M-45 under green- house conditions.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-143
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• 2012

In this study, optical simulation was used to compare three optical structures that could be applied to the typical organic light-emitting diode to increase the outcoupling efficiency. These were spherical scattering particles (treated as Mie scatterers) embedded in the glass substrate, microlenses formed on the glass substrate, and a diffusing layer (DL) with a Gaussian scattering distribution function inserted between the indium tin oxide (ITO) and the glass substrate. It was found that the application of microlens array and that of scattering particles in the glass substrate exhibited similar enhancements in the outcoupling efficiency when the density and the refractive index of the scattering particles were optimized. The DL located at the interface between the glass and the ITO further enhanced the efficiency because it could further extract the trapped light in the waveguide mode. The appropriate combination of these three structures increased the outcoupling efficiency to about 42%, which is much greater than the typical values of 15-20% when there is no optical structure for light extraction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.858-862
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) from red ginseng marc on the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. Red ginseng marc, a fibrous byproduct of ginseng extract from processing, was destarched by ${\alpha}$-amylase and amyloglucosidase treatment, and then treated with a commercial pectinase to produce NDO. The bifidogenic effects of NDO on B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. breve, and B. longum were investigated in vitro. NDO significantly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. The growth, decrease of pH, and organic acid formation (acetate, lactate, formate) were markedly different among the species. B. adolescentis showed the best growth and produced the greatest amount of organic acids. When NDO was used as a carbon source in the cocultivation of Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium perfringens, the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. was not influenced by the existence of Cl. perfringens. The result strongly suggested that NDO from red ginseng marc could be used as a potential bifidogenic source.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.180-185
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• 1972

A new spectrophotometric method was established for the determination of undecylenic acid. The method is based on the solvent extraction into nitrobenzene of the ion pair formed between tris(1,10-phenanthroline)Fe(II) chelate and the anion of undecylenic acid. The maximum absorbance of the extract in the organic phase was at 518nm. A maximum extraction was obtained at pH 9-11, when excess of at least 50-fold(molar) of the phenanthroline-Fe(II) chelate to undecylenic acid was present. The color intensity of the extracted species remained constant at room temperature for the several hours after separation of the organic layer. A linear relationship was obtained over the tested range of 5-20${\gamma}$/ml of undecylenic acid. The effect of several other fungicids on this method was investigated. The method was applied to the determination of undecylenic acid in preparations and the results were in good agreement with those added amounts.