• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro DM degradability, ME and OMD of alfalfa-maize silage mixtures in comparison to pure maize and alfalfa silages, and to test the existence of associative effects of ensiling alfalfa forage with whole-crop maize using the in vitro gas production technique. Ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize had a significant (p<0.001) effect on chemical composition, pH, in vitro DM degradability, OMD and estimated ME values of mixtures. DM content of the resultant silages significantly increased with increasing proportion of whole-crop maize in the mixtures, whereas the pH value, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ash contents of mixtures decreased due to the dilution effect of whole-crop maize which was low in CP, ADF and ash. The pH values of all alfalfa-maize silage mixtures were at the desired level for quality silage. Gas production of alfalfa-maize silage mixtures at all incubation times except 12 h increased with increasing proportion of whole-crop maize. When alfalfa was mixed with whole-crop maize in the ratio 40:60, ME and OMD values were significantly (p<0.001) higher than other silages. Maximum gas production ($A_{gas}$) ranged from 65.7 to 78.1 with alfalfa silage showing the lowest maximum gas production. The results obtained in this study clearly showed that maximum gas production increased with increased percentage of whole-crop maize in the silage mixtures (r = 0.940, p<0.001). It was concluded that ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize improved the pH, OMD and ME values. However, trials with animals are required to see how these differences in silage mixtures affect animal performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.947-950
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• 2001

To improve the low content of crude protein and low quality fermentation of napiergrass silage, ensiling with phasey bean was examined. Napiergrasses, (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Merkeron), hybrid napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum${\times}$ Pennisetum typhoides) and phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides cv. Murray) were cultivated in Fukuoka, Japan. The first growth of napiergrasses and phasey bean were harvested at 90 days of age and chopped into about 1 cm lengths. The mixing levels of phasey bean with napiergrasses were 0, 25, 50 and 75; 700 g of plant materials were ensiled into a laboratory silo (1.0 litre. polyethylene container) and incubated for 30 days. After opening silos, pH, total nitrogen (TN), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and organic acids (lactic acid: LA, acetic acid: AA, butyric acid: BA) were determined. The experiment was a factorial design of $2{\times}4$ with 3 replicates. The data were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance. Without inclusion of phasey bean, lower quality was observed for hybrid silage than for Merkeron silage. The inclusion of phasey bean at the rate of 25% increased DM and TN, and decreased pH value, VBN/TN, AA and BA in both Merkeron and hybrid napiergrass silages. The value of pH, TN, VBN/TN, AA and BA were not significantly different among 25, 50 and 75% mixing levels of phasey bean. LA production increased significantly with the increase in phasey bean mixing level in both hybrid and Merkeron silages. At all mixing levels of phasey bean, LA production did not show significant differences between Merkeron and hybrid silages.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1985

Effects of straw mulching on growth of shoot and root of Panax ginseng, soil physical and chemical characteristics were investigated. Straw mulching increased root yield, stem length, leaf area and decreased defoliated plant rate and missing root rate. Percent solid phase and soil hardness decreased, and porosity, percent air phase and percent liquid phase increased under straw mulch. It increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature especially in the rear side of the bed. Available soil phosphorus (very harmfully in some case), exchangeable potassium, organic matter increased while exchangeable calcium decreased and the lowering of pH was retarded under mulch. Straw mulching greatly reduced need population, prevented soil covering on the lower side of leaves and eliminated solings to plants, bed sides and on bed top.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 2015

A rapid and simple analytical method, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), was developed to detect myo-inositol (MI) in infant formulas. For protein removal: acid hydrolysis and lipid removal through organic solvent extraction. The operating conditions for instrumental analysis were determined based on previously reported analogous methods that used LC-MS/MS. Quantitative analysis was used for the detection limit test, infant formula recovery test, and standard reference material (SRM) 1849a to verify the validity of our LC-MS/MS analytical method, which was developed to quantify MI. For validation, the results of our method were compared with the results of quantitative analyses of certified values. The test results showed that the limit of detection was 0.05 mg/L, the limit of quantitation was 0.17 mg/L, and the method detection limit was 17 mg/kg. The recovery test exhibited a recovery between 98.07-98.43% and a relative standard deviation between 1.93-2.74%. Therefore, the result values were good. Additionally, SRM 1849a was measured to have an MI content of 401.84 mg/kg and recovery of 98.25%, which is comparable to the median certified value of 409 mg/kg. From the aforementioned results, we judged that the instrumental analysis conditions and preparation method used in this study were valid. The rapid analytical method developed herein could be implemented in many laboratories that seek to save time and labor.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The commercial biopesticides containing Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extracts which have been registered as one of the ingredients of the commercial biopesticide by the organic agriculture materials, and have been widely used in Republic of Korea. However, the quantitative analysis method of the active substances for the commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract has not been conducted.METHODS AND RESULTS: To analyze the quantitative analysis of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene as active substances of C. ambrosioides L. extract, hydrophilic lipophilic balance cartridge was used for solid phase extraction. The active substances were analyzed by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The limit of quantitation values of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene were 10, 5, and 2 mg/L, and the recovery rates were 96.3, 84.0, and 82.5% in liquid products and 98.3, 99.1, and 97.3% in solid products, respectively. The total content of ascaridole, carvacrol, and p-cymene in the commercial biopesticides was ranged from 0.08 to 12.75%.CONCLUSION: From these results, this method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of the active substances of commercial biopesticides containing C. ambrosioides L. extract.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

This study evaluated the relative extraction ratio (RER) of As and heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Pb) in paddy soils using the two types extractant, 0.05 M EDTA and 0.43 M HNO₃. The RER was calculated by dividing the concentrations of metals obtained by 0.05 M EDTA or 0.43 M HNO₃ extraction by those obtained by aqua regia extraction. The RER of 0.43 M HNO₃ was larger than that of 0.05 M EDTA. Correlation analysis indicated there was statistically significant correlation (p<0.001) between the concentration in aqua regia and 0.05 M EDTA or 0.43 M HNO₃. Especially, Cd showed the higher correlation than other metals. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses indicated soil pH, CEC, organic matter content, and soil texture all influenced the metal extraction rates and bioavailability of the metals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 2000

The physico-chemical characteristics and the combustion activities of a waste automotive catalyst were carried out in this study. The physico-chemical characteristics of waste automotive catalyst was examined by EA(Elemental analysis), ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer), and XRD(X-ray diffraction) analysis. Carbon deposit amount was higher in front brick than rear brick of catalyst, and increased with mileage. The content of Pt. Pd and Rh in waste automotive catalyst was different from the car manufacturing company. The combustion activities of waste automotive catalyst were investigated for acetaldehyde as a model VOC in a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity of rear brick for acetaldehyde combustion was better than front brick of waste automotive catalyst. The catalytic activity of waste automotive catalyst for acetaldehyde combustion decreased with mileage. The linear relationship between catalytic activity and mileage was negative and has a very excellent correlation. Finally, the waste automotive catalyst has a good catalytic activity for acetaldehyde combustion. and can be used to control of small emission source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.97-110
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• 2015

This study aimed to classify damaged lands, to find what are the damage factors affecting the studied area, and to present a prescription in order to provide some benefit for the restoration of Regional Ecological Network at Chungnam province. Finally we classified damaged lands from 1st to 4th damaged lands according to relative intensity of damage. The main damage factors for the First Damage Lands were humus horizon, soil hardness and plant species richness. In the Second Damage Lands, those were soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Third Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Fourth Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, organic matter, soil hardness, EC, T-N content, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In every cases, the damage of soil and vegetation was originated due to development carried out by human being. The changes in soil condition were not big enough for it to affect plant growth, however, degradation of vegetation was still severe.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.417-430
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and the dynamics of soil properties in the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Ch’oly-san. Owing to the forest fire occurred on April, 1989, the red pine(Pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 53 and 49 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were lespedeza cyrtobotrya (89.62), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (62.50), and Carex humilis (58.73), Quercus serrata (43.33). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (83.56), Lespedeza cyrtobotrya (55.57), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (51.88) and Carex humilis (50.41) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both the burned and unburned areas. The indices of similarity ($CC_S$) between the two areas were 0.74. Degree of succession (DS) was 604 in the burned area and 802 in the unburned area. From these facts, it is assumed that the succession is rapidly progressing because of the recovery of vegetation. The species diversity ($\={H}$) and evenness index(C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.15 and 0.18, respectively. Red pine tree did not resprout after scorch by the forest fire, but Lespedeza, Quercus, Rhododendron, Albizzia, and Zanthoxylum resprouted from the roots and trunks after the forest fire. It seems that these species are the fire-resistant species. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, available phosphous, total nitrogen, tatal carbon, exchangeable potssium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium increased due to forest fire. These results suggest the intensity of forest fire in the study area was relatively weak. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.720-720
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• 2002

A number of investigations have shown that the presence of bacteria is prerequisite for developing pulpal and/or periradicular pathosis. Depending on the stage of pulpal pathosis, various species of bacteria can be cultured from infected root canals. Kakehashi et al. showed that exposure of pulpal tissue in germ-free rats was characterized by minimal inflammation and dentinal bridging while exposure of pulpal tissue in conventional rats with normal oral flora was characterized by pulpal necrosis, chronic inflammation, and periapical lesions. Currently used methods of cleaning and shaping, especially rotary instrumentation techniques, produce a smear layer that covers root canal walls and the openings to the dentinal tubules. The smear layer contains inorganic and organic substances that include fragments of odontoblastic processes, microorganisms, their by products and necrotic materials. Because of its potential contamination and adverse effect on the outcome of root canal therapy, it seems reasonable to suggest removal of the smear layer for disinfection of the entire root canal system. Presence of this smear layer prevents penetration of intracanal medications into the irregularities of the root canal system and the dentinal tubules and also prevents complete adaptation of obturation materials to the prepared root canal surfaces. Removal of the smear layer by an intracanal irrigant and placement of an antibacterial agent in direct contact with the content of dentinal tubules should allow disinfection of this complex system and better outcome for the root canal therapy. A new solution, which was a mixture of a tetracycline, an acid, and a detergent(MTAD), was developed in the Department of Endodontics, Dental School. Lorna Linda University, USA. It has been demonstrated that MTAD was an effective solution for the removal of the smear layer and does not significantly change the structure of the dentinal tubules when used as a final irrigant in conjunction with 1 % NaOCl as a root canal irrigant. Studies are in progress to compare the anti- microbial properties of this newly developed solution with those of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA that are currently used to irrigate the root canals and remove the smear layer from the surfaces of instrumented root canals.canals.