• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept of 'Sojeung' in Sasang Constitutional medicine. This is the first article, which focuses on the concepts of Sojeung by distinguishing symptoms, syndromes and disease.Methods Donguisusebowon and many articles were reviewed for summarizing the concepts of 'Sojeung'. We investigated the concept of 'Sojeung' from literal meaning and the difference between 'syndromes' and 'symptoms' in Traditional Chineses Medicine.Results & Conclusions By researching and discussing different meanings of Sojeung, we suggest that Sojeung has both 'symptom' and 'syndrome' meanings. Under different circumstances Sojeung refers to different meaning.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.396-402
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• 2016

Objectives The symptom of nineteen-year-old male patient who had cluster headache was alleviated using Soyangin's diagnosis and treatment. Methods This patient was diagnosed as Soyangin in terms of QSCC II(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitutional Classification II) and ordinary symptoms and current symptoms. The disease pattern was diagnosed as Soyang-sangpung symptomology. The intensity of headache was assessed by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale). Results and Conclusions The patient's symptom was improved using Hyeongbangsabaek-san, acupuncture treatment and cupping treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.987-992
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• 2008

This study was carried out to understand the macroscopic aspects of the digestive system symptoms occurring after taking oriental herb complex decoction as observing morphological changes in esophagus, stomach and duodenal bulb by endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract when these symptoms developed. The subjects of this study were 46 patients (male 22, female 24, mean age : $54.72{\pm}14.26$ years) who were chosen among ones who took oriental herb complex decoction for medical care and developed symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract while taking an oriental herb decoction, which were assumed that the digestive symptoms were newly developed because of administration. The subjects were given morphological examination by endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the endoscopy operated due to the digestive symptoms developed during the administration of oriental herb decoction, there were 2 cases of esophagitis, 5 cases of acute gastritis, 1 case of chronic gastritis A type, 15 cases of chronic gastritis B type, 1 case of duodenitis, 1 case of gastric ulcer, 1 case of gastric polyp, 2 cases of intestinal metaplasia, 1 case of gastric ptosis and 17 cases of normal findings which didn't have any abnormality macroscopically with endoscopy. With regards to the patients who complained of the digestive symptoms after taking oriental herb decoction, it has been found that the symptoms occurred as the oriental herbal medicine taken by the patients who had the digestive symptoms at ordinary times influenced on the gastrointestinal tract. Especially, many of them were had chronic gastritis and functional dyspepsia in the past. The disease accompanying macroscopic lesions at endoscopy which occurred due to the oriental herb decoction as direct cause, was acute gastritis, and it was the prescription to cure the pains and inflammations of skeletomuscular disease.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.374-383
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to clarify differences between adolescents from multicultural and ordinary Korean families in subjective oral symptoms. Moreover, this will be provide information in the policy making process that enhancing health equity. Data of 66,857 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were derived from the 10th Korean Youth's Risk Web-based Study, which was conducted in 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective oral symptoms were related with sex, age, academic achievement, paternal education, maternal education, subjective economic status, residential type, smoking, alcohol consumption, drinking soft drink, eating fruits, eating snacks, and tooth brushing frequency. In conclusion, welfare and health services for multicultural family should be expanded and those ought to focus on increasing multicultural youth at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and the improvement in the symptoms of the patients who showed improvement after the administration of Yeoldahanso-tang and Cheongpyesagan-tang. Methods: The patients whose Sasang Constitution were examined by an expert at six Oriental medical hospitals and three regional Oriental-medicine clinics, 89 showed a predetermined symptom improvement when Yeoldahanso-tang and Cheongpysagan-tang were administered to them from November 2007 to July 2008. The traits of the patients and the effects of their treatment were examined. Results and Conclusions: 1. There were about as many male patients as there were female patients, but 21.3% of the patients who were female and who were in their 40's showed the most improvement, which makes them the biggest category in this study. 2. The main syndromes in which the patients showed improvement were hemi-paralysis, vertigo, and headache, and the ordinary symptoms in which the patients showed improvement were diarrhea, fatigue, and dry mouth. 3. The average food intake of the patients was highest and their feces had intermediate hardness (semi-soft). 4. The amount of the patients' sweat was either high(38.2%) or appropriate(38.2%) and they showed a dislike of heat over coldness. 5. Among the diseases that the patients previously had, high blood pressure. The above results show that Yeoldahanso-tang and Cheongpyesagan-tang can be considered beneficial to females in their 40's and to stroke patients whose food intake is normal, whose sweat level is either copious or appropriate, who dislike heat and who are suffering from high blood pressure.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.142-150
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• 2008

1. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and the improvement in the symptoms of the patients who administrated Hyungbangjihwang-tang. 2. Methods We examined 793 case report forms(CRFs) from six oriental medical hospitals and three regional oriental medicine clinics. These CRFs are recorded from november 2007 to july 2008. All constitutions of cases were diagnosed not only by Sasang constitution experts but also through clinical experiences. The traits of the patients and the effects of their treatment were examined. 3. Results and Conclusion 1. The chief complaints in which the patients showed improvement were Headache, fatigue, lumbago, dyspepsia. 2. The ordinary symptoms in which the patients showed improvement were insomnia, fatigue, constipation, dyspepsia, headache. 3. The average food intake of the patients was normal(65.2%) and their feces had intermediate hardness (semi-soft). The color of their urine was either clear or yellow. 4. The amount of the patients' sweat was appropriate (39.1%) Their water intake was approximately normal, and they preferred drinking the cold water. 5. Among the diseases that the patients previously had chronic gastritis(19.6%) had the highest frequencies. 4. Conclusion: The above results show that Hyungbangjihwang-tang can be considered beneficial to headache, fatigue, lumbargo, insomnia, constipation, dyspepsia patients whose food intake is normal, whose sweat level is either appropriate, who prefer to drink cold water, and who are suffering from chronic gastritis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is for discovering the clinical Features of the sleep in ordinary symptoms based on the Sasang Constitution. The result of this study could be helpful to understand and to identify the patients as Soeumin in contrast with the other constitutions-Soyangin, Taeumin and Taeyangin. Methods : There were 1,229 patients(700 female), who answered the questionnaire about their ordinary sleeping patterns. They had been diagnosed, including their clinical Sasang Constitution, by the Sasang Constitution specialist at Bundang Oriental Hospital of Dongguk University. By applying the binary logistic regression analysis, we can measure the characteristics and the influence of ordinary sleeping patterns to the dependent variable(Sasang Constitution). Results : As a result of the binary logistic analysis on the observed questionnaire, we found the characteristics of the ordinary sleeping patterns on Soeumin in contrast the other constitutions. Firstly, Soeumin has a tendency that he wouldn't snore well in comparison with the others. Secondly, Soeumin has a tendency that he will dreams more, when he sleeps in contrast with the others. Thirthly, Soeumin has a tendency that he will sleep longer than 6-7hours. Fourthly, Soeumin has a tendency that he will struggle during sleeping in contrast with the others. Conclustion : This study will be used to identify patients as Soeumin in contrast with the others-Soyangin, Taeumin and Taeyangin.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-29
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to survey the extent of pain and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system among visiting housekeepers, above all concerning neck, shoulder, back, wrist, knee, and arm pain and to find possible relations between symptoms and various working conditions. Method: A questionnaire was answered by 174 woman visiting housekeepers living in Kyeonggi-do and Seoul from December 1, 2003 to February 30, 2004. The symptoms of musculoskeletal system were coded by the pain index which illustrates the extent of the symptoms, and analyzed in view of NIOSH guideline and Kim, et. al.'s notion. Result: 1. As to the complaint rate of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms by body region, the figure was the highest for shoulder with 78.2%, followed by back with 66.7%, knee 53.6%, neck 56.3%, wrist 40.2%, and arm 29.2%, respectively. The logistic analysis showed shoulder pain and arm pain have no relation with working and health conditions, and back pain was significantly related to current health condition. In same way, knee pain and wrist pain were found to be mainly related to marital status. 2. Following the NIOSH guideline, the positive rate of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms was found out in following order: shoulder 69.5%, back 59.2%, knee 54%, neck 46%, wrist 32.8%, and arm 25.3%. To investigate the main cause of each disease, the symptoms were classified by pain index, where the value of more than 3 comes to the NIOSH case, and analyzed in term of complaint rate using discrete logistical method : shoulder pain was highly related to the housekeeping time after work, back pain was to current health condition and the heavy weight carrying and neck, wrist, arm pain were commonly related to the ordinary health condition. For knee pain, working speed was a main cause. 3. In view of Kim et. al.'s standard, where the pain index is over 7, the positive rate was showed in order slightly different from previous analyses : shoulder 33.3%. knee 29.9%, back 28.2%, neck 17.2%, wrist 17.2%, and 16.7%. From the logistical analysis, insufficient rest was shown as the main cause of shoulder, back, arm and wrist pain. For neck pain, ordinary health condition was mainly related. In case of knee pain, any apparent relation is not found. Conclusion: According to the logistic regression analysis of musculoskeletal system, there was strong suggestion that the less insufficient physical rest, the more significant disorder complaint. This means that the most musculoskeletal symptom among the visiting housekeepers can be prevented and cured by sufficient physical resting.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2004

Objective : This study was undertaken for discovering the characteristics of sleep in ordinary symptoms based on the Sasang Constitution. The result of this study could be helpful to understand and to identify patients such as Taeumin, Soyangin Soeumin or Taeyangin. Methods : There were 1,229 patients (529 men), who answered the questionnaire about their ordinary sleeping patterns. They were diagnosed, including their clinical Sasang Constitution, by the Sasang Constitution specialist at Bundang Oriental Hospital of Dongguk University. By applying the multinomial and binary logistic regression analysis to those collected materials, we can measure the characteristics and the influence of ordinary sleeping patterns to the dependent variable (Sasang Constitution). Results : In order of the item's influence that had decided one's constitution, between Taeumin and Soeumin, Taeumin snored frequently or well more than Soeumin, Soeumin had more dreams and more sleeping times than Taeumin, and Taeumin struggled frequently or well more than Soeumin. Between Soyangin and Soeumin, Soeumin dreams more frequently than Soyangin, Soyangin snored frequently or well more than Soeumin, and Soeumin has more sleeping times than Taeumin. Between Taeumin and Soyangin, Taeumin snored frequently or well more than Soyangin. Between Taeyangin and a group of the other constitutions, Taeyangin felt unwell after sleeping more than the other constitutions, the other constitutions awaked frequently more than Taeyangin during sleeping. Conclusion : This study will be used for identifying patients as Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin or Taeyangin by contrast with each other.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

This study finds an interesting fact that five symptoms (smallpox, postpartum pain, eye disease, swollen symptom and parasite infection) mentioned in Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Tales and his prescriptions (steamed rice, loess, soybean sprouts, cinnabar, radish, sesame oil and pork) were dramatized on the basis of traditional Korean medicinal knowledge in the Joseon Dynasty. Based on the study of experience-based medicinal literatures popular in the Joseon period, it is confirmed that the prescriptions are actually effective. Also it is inferred that popular diseases at that time were abscess, difficult baby delivery, postpartum pain and parasite infection, which were regarded as almost incurable diseases to ordinary people. These stories also showed destitution of common people who could not afford to buy medicines at that time. As shown in the Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Fable, many people might try various ordinary materials around them such as soil or nose wax. One of the outcomes of this study is that the fact that the tales mentioned common materials easy to get in the surroundings such as steamed rice, sesame oil, soybean sprouts or radish could be interprets as care and consideration of medicinal doctors for ordinary people at that time.