• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

In this paper, to find out how different the treatment of special individuals named 'old people' is with that of ordinary cases, Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) was chosen as the study material and some parts in it where the symptoms of old people in the same disease category were treated in different ways were excerpted to analyze the tendency of pathological symptoms and prescriptions in the physiological perspective. As the result of analysis on the parts in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) where the old people were treated in different ways, it turned out that 65 prescriptions were used in 24 pathological symptoms. The 24 symptoms are included mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. They are including the pathological symptoms which had been presented as general geriatric symptoms and also seems to have added other symptoms which should be clinically reflected in the specialty of treatment for geriatric diseases. The 65 prescriptions are also recorded mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. The herbs used for them were sweet and warm herbs such as Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertner) Libosch(熟地黃), Angelica gigas Nakai(當歸), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey(人蔘) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz(白朮) that can support the essence blood of liver and kidney and the energy of spleen, lung and stomach. Those herbs could be added or subtracted according to the symptom. It seems to have resulted from the treatment method that old people was applied to old people in consideration of their physiological features. When the 24 symptoms and 65 prescriptions for geriatric diseases different from ordinary ones in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) were considered in the physiological view point, it could be seen that each pathological symptom was manifested as a exhaustion of kidney qi(腎氣枯渴) which was a characteristic physiologic state of old people. Through this, it could be seen that the use of prescriptions was also made to mitigate the body fluid deficiency(津液不足), the kidney yin inner heat(腎陰內熱), the heart spirit void and loss(心神虛損), the kidney yang deficiency(腎陽不足), the spleen failing in transportation(脾失健運), the spleen yang deficiency(脾陽不足), the liver fire inner movement(肝火內動) and the lung energy void and loss(肺氣虛寒).

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.173-194
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• 2017

The research study conducted logistics regression analysis through HLM (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) and presented the value of the outcome in order to investigate characteristic factors of demanders which influence the intention to move into public rental housing. (1) The results of the regression analysis of characteristic factors of household and housing were analyzed as having the significant effect on the intention to move in public rental housing, according to residents moving in monthly rent housing, residents' occupations, rental housing, the number of household, the location of surrounding public rental housing, monthly average income, children's educational level, the number of children, the types of housing and one's own house, in order, out of the types of housing tenure. (2) The results of the regression analysis of characteristic factors of the conditions of location were analyzed that out of the conditions of location of the top five areas in public rental rates, what influences significant effects on the intention to move in public rental housing is the location of surrounding rental housing, income, the number of household and children, children's educational level, job state, housing types, ones' own house, rent housing, monthly rent housing, in order. (3) In case of Seoul, Expanding public rental housing is inevitable in order to stabilize ordinary people's housing stability, owing to the high and rental prices of private housing. Nevertheless, an accurate analysis of the intention to move in public rental housing has not been conducted. Eventually, the research was, thus, conducted, based on the fact that the preference on public housing is low. According to the analytic results of the study, it is required for the government institutions and agencies should consider individual and local characteristics and provide an alternative that meets the real situation, in order to help ordinary citizens with low incomes stabilize housing.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.281-298
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• 2007

The load carrying capacity of a bridge needs to be properly assessed to operate the bridge safely and maintain it efficiently. For the evaluation of load carrying capacity considering the current state of a bridge, static and quasi-static loading tests with weight-controlled heavy trucks have been conventionally utilized. In these tests, the deflection (or strain) of the structural members loaded by the controlled vehicles are measured and analyzed. Using the measured data, deflection (or strain) correction factor and impact correction factor are calculated. These correction factors are used in the enhancement of the load carrying capacity of a bridge, reflecting the real state of a bridge. However, full or partial control of the traffic during the tests and difficulties during the installment of displacement transducers or strain gauges may cause not only inconvenience to the traffic but also the increase of the logistics cost and time. To overcome these difficulties, an alternative method is proposed using an excited response part of full measured ambient acceleration data by ordinary traffic on a bridge without traffic control. Based on the modal properties extracted from the ambient vibration data, the initial finite element (FE) model of a bridge can be updated to represent the current real state of a bridge. Using the updated FE model, the deflection of a bridge akin to the real value can be easily obtained without measuring the real deflection. Impact factors are obtained from pseudo-deflection, which is obtained by double-integration of the acceleration data with removal of the linear components on the acceleration data. For validation, a series of tests were carried out on a steel plategirder bridge of an expressway in Korea in four different seasons, and the evaluated load carrying capacities of the bridge by the proposed method are compared with the result obtained by the conventional load test method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.28B no.10
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• pp.771-782
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• 1991

In industrial multivariable plants, it is ofte the case that the plant outputs are measured in similar components not simultaneously but serially. In this paper, the problem of estimating the state vector of the plant based on the data obtained from such a measuring scheme is considered, and a special type of observer(referred to as a $'$multiple serial-sampling$'$ type observer) which renews its internal states whenever a new group of data is obtained is proposed. It is proved that such an observer can be constructed for almost every sampling period if the palnt is observable as a continuous-time multivariable system, and that the poles of the closed-loop system using the multiple serial-sampling type observer consist of the poles of the observer and those of the state feedback system. The behaviors of the observer and the closed-loop system are studied by simulation. The results of simulation indicate that a multiple serial-ampling type observer can estimate the state of the plant more accurately than the ordinary type observers and improve the closed-loop performance, especially, in the existence of measuring noise.ng noise.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 1995

An Effect of Muscle Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Recent statistics shows that the aged are the fastest growing segment of our population by increasing life span. The age group of over 60 shows multiple health problems and the most serious handicapping problem of these. are related to the changes in muscular skeletal system. With aging, people lose. their muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from biological changes and physical inactivity. Studies documented a 30-50% loss of muscle mass in an advanced age and thus, ordinary life activities can be seriously affected due to weakened muscle strength. Preservation of muscle strength of lower limb is especially important in the aged. Since it is readily affected from reduced physical activity in old age, sometimes to the detriment of moving or walking. So muscle strength exercise program designed for the elderly to improve leg muscle strength and leg muscle endurance. The research design used was nonequivalent control group pretest - protest design. The purposes of this study were to test the effect of muscle strength exercise program utilizing Leg Press on muscle strength, muscle endurance, instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), cognitive perceptual variables and quality of life. Forty nine subjects participating in this study consisted of twenty four male and twenty five female. Twenty four experimental group subjects were selected from C-institution in Chung Buk province, and twenty five control group subjects were selected from O-institution in Chung Nam province. The mean age of subjects was 72.8 years. Muscle strength training program utilizing Leg Press for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 9 weeks. The data was collected from August, 1993 to October, 1993. Data were analyzed with $X^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA test, Kruskal Wallis 1-Way ANOVA test using SPSS PC program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength (leg lift strength, back lift strength and grip strength) and muscle endurance than control group after the experiment $\ulcorner$F=52.35(p=.001), F=54.07(p=.001), F=6.97(p=.011), F=18.17(p=.001)$\lrcorner$ 2) Experimental group were significantly higher scores on IADL than control group(F=7.51, p=.009). 3) Experimental group showed significantly higher scores on economical state and self esteem aspects of the quality of life scale than control group $\ulcorner$F=10.59(p=.002), F=6.97(p=.011)$\lrcorner$. But there were no differences in emotional state, physical and functional state and relationship with reatives in the quality of life between groups. 4) Scores on IADL showed a significant difference with the level of muscle strength and muscle endurance $\ulcornerx^2=7.73(p=.025),\;x^2=8.86\;(p=.011)\lrcorner$ 5) Scores on self esteem and physical and functional state aspects of the quality of life scale showed a significant difference with the level of IADL $\ulcornerx^2=11.39(p=.003),\;x^2=9.02(p=.011)\lrcorner$. 6) Scores of experimental group after the experiment in cognitive perceptual variables (perceived benefit on exercise, perceived health status, self efficacy, emotion on exercise) were significantly higher than those of control group $\ulcorner$F=32.09(p=.001), F=5.07(p=.029), F=20.63 (p=.001), F=30.38(p=.001)$\lrcorner$. As a result of this study, the effect of strength training exercise program with Leg. Press had improved muscle strength, muscle endurance, IADL, and the perception of self esteem, physical and funtional state, and economical state. Thus strength training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disablity and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely. The subjects in the experimental group have maintained their exercises till six months after the cessation of the experiment. This seem to illustrate that changes in cognitive perceptual variables and the improvement in health status have reinforced motivation for the continuation of voluntary exercises. A further study is necessary to determine the factors affecting maintainance of muscle strength exercise and to assess the effect of weight training program on bone density.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2018

VR(Virtual Reality) and AR(Augmented Reality) devices are becoming more common, and the need for proper contents presentation techniques in such environments has been growing ever since the popularization of the devices. One of the contents is the spatio-temporal data, which has become more prominent since it could be both generated and consumed by a large number of ordinary users. In this work, the researcher analyzed the characteristics of spatio-temporal data as a source for visualization in VR and AR environment, and categorized prior visualization methods for such data, which were devised for traditional monitors. The researcher also reviewed the hardware specification of state-of-the-art devices, and examined the possibility of adopting the previous visualization approaches. This work is expected to contribute in designing spatio-temporal visualization for VR and AR environment by utilizing their unique characteristics.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.233-247
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• 2017

This study compares how mother-daughter differentiation influences solidarity and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The subjects of this study were 167 mothers-in-law (mean age, 59.6 years) paired with their sons-in-law (mean age, 36.9 years). Participants were given quantitative survey questionnaires on their relationships. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for the social and demographic characteristics of mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Ordinary least square multiple regression analyses were also conducted to examine the level of mother-daughter differentiation, solidarity, and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The results show that a higher age of the mothers-in-law results in lower relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Next, an increase the level of mother-daughter differentiation (which means more balance between intimacy and detachability) results in a higher overall solidarity, affectual solidarity, giving functional solidarity, and consensual solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the receiving functional solidarity and normative solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Finally, the results show that a higher level of mother-daughter differentiation produces a higher relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The findings could provide a better understanding of inter-generational relationships in Korean family dynamics. The results also have implications for providing counseling for the development of healthy relationships between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.186-196
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• 1995

In this study, parameters such as unit cement weight and placing temperature which influence on temperature rise and temperature rise velocity are investigated through adiabatic tests for the domestic ordinary portland cement(0PC). Adiabatic temperature rise suggested by Korean Concrete Spec. are compared with that from this experimental results. As a result of this study, adiabatic temperature rise of OPC suggested spec. is overestimated. Also it is shown that 2-parameter equation suggested in the spec. overestimate heat evolution at early age and reasonable prediction of heat evolution can be obtained by using 3-parameter equation. Results of numerical analysis by using the input data from this test and the suggested values from spec. shows similar temperatures. However thermal stresses pridicted using input value from spec. may result 20% more than that from this test in case of externally restricted state.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.42.2-43
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• 2015

Massive stars play a major role in the interstellar energy budget and the shaping of the galactic environment. The water molecule is thought to be a sensitive tracer of physical conditions and dynamics in star-forming regions because of its large abundance variations between hot and cold regions. Herschel/HIFI allows us to observe the multiple rotational transitions of H2O including the ground-state levels, and its isotopologues toward high-mass star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages. Photodissociation regions (PDRs) are also targeted to investigate the distribution of water and its chemistry. We present line profiles and maps of H2O using data from two guaranteed-time key programs "Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel" and "Herschel observations of EXtra-Ordinary Sources". We analyze the temperature and density structures using LTE and non-LTE methods. We also estimate turbulent and expansion velocities, and abundance of water in the inner and outer envelopes using the 1D radiative transfer code. Around high-mass protostars we find H2O abundances of ~10-8-10-9 for the outer envelope and ~10-4-10-5 for the inner envelope, and expansion and turbulent velocities range from 1.0 km s-1 to 2.0 km s-1. The abundances and kinematic parameters of the sources do not show clear trends with evolutionary indicators. The Herschel/HIFI mapping observations of H2O toward the Orion Bar PDR show that H2O emission peaks between the shielded dense gas and the radicals position, in agreement with the theoretical and the observational PDR structure. The derived H2O abundance is ~10-7 and peaks at the depth of AV ~8 mag from the ionization front. Together with the low ortho-to-para ratio of H2O (~1) presented by Choi et al. (2014), our results show that the chemistry of water in the Orion Bar is dominated by photodesorption and photodissociation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to define the effect of taping and icing on muscle fatigue at knee joint of ordinary adult. The 30 adults meeting research standard were chosen to be observed. The period of the research was 9 days and N-K table was used as equipment to measure position sense of knee joint. Heart rate monitor was also used to measure heart beat during both when in comfortable state and in exercises. For the method of this study, error in position sense of knee joint was measured right before fatigue occurs. Then volunteers were to be exercised for 10 minutes in treadmill aiming to raise the heart beat to 90%. If muscle fatigue occurs after the exercise, let the comparative group rest for 20 minutes while applying taping for group 1 and icing for group 2. For the icing, it was applied for 3 minutes followed by 1 minute rest. 5 sets of icing were applied on thighs and calf each, Then error of position sense of knee joint was measured same way it was done before muscle fatigue. As the result, there were similar differences among comparative group(p<.05), group 1 and group 2 before the muscle fatigue and after the muscle fatigue. There were similar differences in comparative group with muscle fatigue, group 1 and group 2 as the result of one-way ANOVA and with further examination, similar differences were only found in between comparative group and group 2(p<.05). With the result, we can see there wasn't clear effect of rest, icing or taping, however, group 2 with icing showed better condition compared to comparative group who have rested without any application.