• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2023

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder that may be negatively associated with the self-image. It might be associated with orthodontic treatment demand and outcome, and therefore is important. Thus, this study was conducted. Methods: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) questionnaire was used in 699 orthodontic patients above 12 years of age (222 males, 477 females), at seven clinics in two cities (2020-2021). BDD diagnosis and severity were calculated based on the first 3 items and all 12 items of the questionnaire. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) was assessed by orthodontists. Multivariable and bivariable statistical analyses were performed on ordinal and dichotomized BDD diagnoses to assess potentially associated factors (IOTN-DHC, age, sex, marital status, education level, and previous orthodontic consultation) (α = 0.05). Results: IOTN-DHC scores 1-5 were seen in 13.0%, 39.9%, 29.8%, 12.4%, and 4.9% of patients. Age/sex/marital status/education were not associated with IOTN-DHC (p > 0.05). Based on 3-item questionnaire, 17.02% of patients had BDD (14.02% mild). Based on 12-item questionnaire, 2.86% had BDD. BDD was more prevalent or severer in females, married patients, patients with a previous history of orthodontic consultation, and patients with milder IOTN-DHCs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IOTNDHC was negatively/slightly associated with BDD in orthodontic patients. Being female and married may increase BDD risk.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the predictability of cooking loss of pork loin through relatively easy and quick measurable quality properties. The pH, color, moisture, protein content, and cooking loss of 100 pork loins were measured. The explanatory variables included in all linear regression models with an adjust-r² value of ≥0.5 were pH and the protein content. In the linear regression model predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.7, with pH, CIE L^*, CIE b^*, moisture, and protein content as the explanatory variables. In 30 pork loins, electrical conductivity was additionally measured, and as a result of linear regression analysis for predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.646 with electrical conductivity measured at 40 Hz, with pH and color as the explanatory variables. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the three grades (low, middle, and high) of loin cooking loss using pH, color, and 40 Hz electrical conductivity as the explanatory variables, and the percent concordance was 93.8%. In conclusion, the addition of electrical conductivity as an explanatory variable did not increase the prediction accuracy of the linear regression model for predicting cooking loss; however, it was demonstrated that it is possible to predict and classify the cooking loss grade of pork loin through quality properties that can be measured quickly and easily.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.254-260
• /
• 2023

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is crucial for maintaining the HIV-RNA suppression in patients living with HIV/AIDS. This study aims to analyze the risk factors contributing to low medication adherence among individuals with HIV/AIDS by analyzing data from the Korean HIV/AIDS cohort study. Methods: The dependent variable is ART medication adherence. The depressive symptom and anxiety scores were collected as main independence variables. Covariates included gender, age, transmission route, alcohol and smoking information, and antiviral treatment regimen details. To predict the relationship between ordinal dependent variables and independent variables, an ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results: The results of the ordered logistic regression analysis showed that female was associated with a higher risk of low medication adherence (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.08, 7.83). Among the subjects who were non-smokers and non-drinkers, the risk of low medication adherence was lower (OR=0.36, 95% CI=0.18, 0.70). Depending on the ART treatment group, individuals taking integrase inhibitor had a lower risk of medication adherence (OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.13, 0.76), and those experiencing depressive symptoms were related with a higher risk of low medication adherence (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.12, 3.46). Conclusions: The encouragement and emotional support of healthcare professionals are essential for patients living with HIV/AIDS who experience depressive symptoms to maintain ART adherence. Additionally, further research is needed to ensure that HIV/AIDS infected female with concurrent depressive symptoms can achieve appropriate ART therapeutic effect.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.60-76
• /
• 2024

Broadband Internet has proven to be vital for economic growth in developed countries. Developing countries have implemented several initiatives to increase their broadband access. However, its full potential can only be realized through adoption and use. With lower-middle-income countries accounting for the majority of the world's unconnected population, this study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate users' intentions to adopt broadband. Rural Tanzania was chosen as a case study. A cross-sectional study was conducted over three weeks, using 155 people from seven villages with the lowest broadband adoption rates. Non-probability voluntary response sampling was used to recruit the participants. Using the TPB constructs: attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC), ordinal regression analysis was employed to predict intention. Descriptive statistical analysis yielded mean scores (standard deviation) as 3.59 (0.46) for ATB, 3.34 (0.40) for SN, 3.75 (0.29) for PBC, and 4.12 (0.66) for intention. The model adequately described the data based on a comparison of the model with predictors and the null model, which revealed a substantial improvement in fit (p<0.05). Moreover, the predictors accounted for 50.3% of the variation in the intention to use broadband Internet, demonstrating the predictive power of the TPB constructs. Furthermore, the TPB constructs were all significant positive predictors of intention: ATB (β=1.938, p<0.05), SN (β=2.144, p<0.05), and PBC (β=1.437, p=0.013). The findings of this study provide insight into how behavioral factors influence the likelihood of individuals adopting broadband Internet and could guide interventions through policies meant to promote broadband adoption.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.40.1-40.10
• /
• 2023

Background: Efforts for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in workers have been actively pursued. Obesity is one of the important risk factors related to CVDs. Obesity has various metabolic characteristics, and some individuals can be metabolically healthy. Body composition including skeletal muscle mass is known to have protective effect in obesity. The study aims to investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) CVD risk among obese male manufacturing workers in Korea and to identify appropriate indicators of skeletal muscle mass for predicting risk of CVDs. Methods: The study was conducted on 2,007 obese male workers at a manufacturing industry aged more than 19 years. Skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle mass percent (SMM%) and skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR) were used to evaluate body composition and these indicators were divided into quartiles. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the KOSHA CVD risk groups according to quartiles of skeletal muscle mass indicators were estimated using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: The OR for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartile of SMI was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.42-1.92), while the ORs for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartiles of SMM%, SMM/body mass index (BMI), and MFR were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22-0.72), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.05-0.76), and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.23-0.74), respectively. Conclusions: We found that high SMI increase the likelihood of high risk of CVDs, while high SMM%, SMM/BMI, and MFR lower the likelihood of high risk of CVDs. Accurate evaluation of skeletal muscle mass can help assess the cardiovascular risk in obese male workers.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권17호
• /
• pp.7975-7979
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of IHC4 in predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 68 HR-positive BC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. IHC4 scores were calculated based on estrogen receptors/progesterone receptors, Ki-67 and HER2 status. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses in addition to likelihood ratio test were used to explore associations of IHC4 scores and other clinico-pathological parameters with pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological stage. Results: Taking the 25th percentile as the cut-off, a lower IHC4 score was associated with an increased probability of pCR (low; 52.9% vs. High; 21.6%, OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.28-13.16, p=0.018) and a lower pathological stage (OR=3.9, 95% CI=1.34-11.33, p=0.012). When the IHC4 score was treated as a continuous variable, a lower score was again associated with an increased probability of pCR (OR=1.010, 95% CI=1.001-1.018, p=0.025) and lower pathological stage (OR=1.009, 95% CI=1.002-1.017, P=0.008). Lower clinical stage was associated with a better pCR rate that was of borderline significance (P=0.056). When clinical stage and IHC4 score were incorporated together in a logistic model, the likelihood ratio test gave a P-value of 0.004 after removal of the IHC4 score and 0.011 after removal of the stage, indicating a more significant predictive value of the IHC4 score for pCR. Conclusions: This study suggests that the IHC4 score can predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HR-positive BC patients. This finding now needs to be validated in a larger cohort of patients.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권9호
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 금연 시도와 인지된 스트레스 정도와의 연관성을 규명하고 금연을 시도함에 있어 인지된 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 2015 국민건강영양조사 대상자 중 만 19세 이상인 참여자를 대상으로 하였으며, 금연시도 및 성공 여부와 인지된 스트레스 정도의 연관성을 파악하기 위해 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 금연 시도에 실패한 흡연자가 금연시도에 성공한 흡연자보다 더 높은 스트레스와 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며(OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.41-2.08) 금연시도를 하지 않은 흡연자(OR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.71-1.55)에 대해서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구는 금연 실패와 흡연자들의 높은 스트레스 정도 간의 연관성을 확인하였으며, 흡연자가 완전한 금연 성공에 도달하지 못하는 원인 중 하나로 금연 실패 후 겪는 높은 스트레스를 제시한다. 또한 흡연자들의 금연 시도를 증진하기 위하여 금연 실패 후 겪는 스트레스와 같은 정신과학적 장벽을 낮추기 위한 정책적 접근이 요구된다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2015

목적 : 뇌성마비아동 중 양하지마비 아동과 일반아동을 대상으로 감각처리 능력을 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 아동을 학령전기와 학령기로 나누어 연령에 따른 감각처리 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 경직형 양하지마비 아동과 일반아동의 감각처리 능력을 알아보기 위해 단축형 감각프로파일(Short Sensory Profile: SSP)을 사용하였다. 연구대상은 뇌성마비 중 양하지마비 유형으로 진단받은 만 3~10세 아동과 일반아동을 대상으로 보호자가 직접 설문지 작성을 하도록 하였다. 2013년 11월부터 2014년 2월까지 설문지 배부 및 수거가 이루어 졌으며 경직형 양하지마비 아동 40명, 일반아동 40명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 연구 분석은 집단별 비교를 위해 독립표본 t-test, 연령별 비교를 위해 Mann Whitney U-test를 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 단축형 감각프로파일 총점과 모든 영역에서 경직형 양하지마비 아동이 일반아동보다 점수가 낮게 나타났으며 촉각 민감성과 맛/냄새 민감성을 제외한 5가지 영역과 감각처리 총점에서 두 그룹 간 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학령전기 아동은 총점과 움직임 민감성, 과소반응/특정자극 찾기, 청각 여과하기, 활력이 부족하고 허약함, 시각/청각 민감성에서 일반아동과 유의미한 차이를 보였으며 학령기 아동은 움직임 민감성, 활력이 부족하고 허약함, 시각/청각 민감성에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과는 경직형 양하지마비 아동의 감각처리 평가 시 기초자료로 사용될 수 있으리라 생각된다. 앞으로 뇌성마비의 다른 유형을 대상으로 하는 감각처리 능력에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.375-382
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 다차원 인접화소 간 명암차 기반 극좌표의 비선형 양자화 히스토그램을 이용한 서명인식을 제안한다. 다차원 인접화소 간 명암차는 기준화소를 중심으로 횡방향, 종방향, 대각 방향, 역대각 방향 각각의 이웃화소 간 명암차이고, 극좌표는 횡과 종 방향 및 대각과 비대각 방향 각각의 직교좌표로부터 변환된 좌표이며, 비선형 양자화 히스토그램은 반복계산 기법인 Lloyd 알고리즘에 의해 극좌표 값을 비균일 양자화한 히스토그램이다. 여기서 4방향 명암차의 극좌표 히스토그램은 대응하는 화소간의 상관성을 좀 더 많이 고려할 뿐만 아니라 히스토그램의 수를 감소시켜 계산부하를 줄이기 위함이다. 또한 비선형 양자화는 화소간의 명암변화의 속성을 더욱 더 잘 반영할 뿐만 아니라 저차원의 히스토그램 레벨을 얻기 위함이다. 제안된 기법을 256*256 픽셀의 90개(3인*30개) 서명들을 대상으로 city-block거리, Euclidean 거리, 순서값, 그리고 정규상호상관계수 각각의 정합척도에 기반 한 실험결과, 선형 양자화 기반 히스토그램에 비해 우수한 인식성능을 가지며, Euclidean 거리가 가장 우수한 정합척도임을 확인하였다.