The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
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Associations between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) with the dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) and other BDD risk factors in orthodontic patients: A preliminary study

  • Farhad Sobouti (Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Foruzan Elyasi (Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Reza Alizadeh Navaei (Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Farbod Rayatnia (Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Nika Rezaei Kalantari (Private Practice) ;
  • Sepideh Dadgar (Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Vahid Rakhshan (Department of Dental Anatomy, Dental School, Azad University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2022.07.11
  • Accepted : 2022.08.29
  • Published : 2023.01.25
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Abstract

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder that may be negatively associated with the self-image. It might be associated with orthodontic treatment demand and outcome, and therefore is important. Thus, this study was conducted. Methods: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) questionnaire was used in 699 orthodontic patients above 12 years of age (222 males, 477 females), at seven clinics in two cities (2020-2021). BDD diagnosis and severity were calculated based on the first 3 items and all 12 items of the questionnaire. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) was assessed by orthodontists. Multivariable and bivariable statistical analyses were performed on ordinal and dichotomized BDD diagnoses to assess potentially associated factors (IOTN-DHC, age, sex, marital status, education level, and previous orthodontic consultation) (α = 0.05). Results: IOTN-DHC scores 1-5 were seen in 13.0%, 39.9%, 29.8%, 12.4%, and 4.9% of patients. Age/sex/marital status/education were not associated with IOTN-DHC (p > 0.05). Based on 3-item questionnaire, 17.02% of patients had BDD (14.02% mild). Based on 12-item questionnaire, 2.86% had BDD. BDD was more prevalent or severer in females, married patients, patients with a previous history of orthodontic consultation, and patients with milder IOTN-DHCs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IOTNDHC was negatively/slightly associated with BDD in orthodontic patients. Being female and married may increase BDD risk.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences for funding this study.

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