• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.277-282
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• 2003

In this paper we propose Using Higher Order Neuron on the Supervised Learning Machine of the Kohonen Feature Map. The architecture of proposed model adopts the higher order neuron in the input layer of Kohonen Feature Map as a Supervised Learning Machine. It is able to estimate boundary on input pattern space because or the higher order neuron. However, it suffers from a problem that the number of neuron weight increases because of the higher order neuron in the input layer. In this time, we solved this problem by placing the second order neuron among the higher order neuron. The feature of the higher order neuron can be mapped similar inputs on the Kohonen Feature Map. It also is the network with topological mapping. We have simulated the proposed model in respect of the recognition rate by XOR problem, discrimination of 20 alphabet patterns, Mirror Symmetry problem, and numerical letters Pattern Problem.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

HMIPv6 draws lots of attentions in recent years for providing an efficient handover and reducing the signaling overhead. HMIPv6 employs MAP(Mobility Anchor Point) in order to minimize a signaling overhead and a local mobility management. MAP completes an efficient mobility management in HMIPv6 network environment with frequent handover. However, HMIPv6 causes load concentration at a paricular MAP and may have unnecessary latency between HN(Mobile Node) and CN(Correspondent Node) within the same network. A MAP may also disturb the route optimization in HMIPv6 network because all packets must be transmitted through a MAP. In this paper, we propose a scheme to optimize the route in HMIPv6 networks according to MAP load. We configure a threshold in order to support the better service into MAP domain. The packets do not pass through MAP and are directly transmitted to AR(Access Router) if the number of current MNs attached to the MAP exceed the desired threshold. We simulate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare with HMIPv6. Resultly, the proposed scheme reduces signaling costs and mitigates concentration of a paticular MAP as well.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

Purpose: To acquire high-resolution spiral-scan images at higher magnetic field, high homogeneous magnetic field is needed. Field inhomogeneity mapping and in-vivo shimming are important for rapid imaging such as spiral-scan imaging. The rapid scanning sequences are very susceptible to inhomogeneity. In this paper, we proposed a higher-order shimming method to obtain homogeneous magnetic field. Materials and Methods: To reduce measurement time for field inhomogeneity mapping, simultaneous axial/ sagittal, and coronal acquisitions are done using multi-slice based Fast Spin echo sequence. Acquired field inhomogeneity map is analyzed using the spherical harmonic functions, and shim currents are obtained by the multiplication of the pseudo-inverse of the field pattern with the inhomogeneity map. Results: Since the field inhomogeneity is increasing in proportion to the magnetic field, higher order shimming to reduce the inhomogeneity becomes more important in high field imaging. The shimming technique in which axial, sagittal, and coronal section inhomogeneity maps are obtained in one scan is developed, and the shimming method based on the analysis of spherical harmonics of the imhomogenity map is applied. The proposed technique is applicable to a localized shimming as well. High resolution spiral-scan imaging was successfully obtained with the proposed higher order shimming. Conclusion: Proposed pulse sequence for rapid measurement of inhomogeneity map and higher order shimming based on the inhomogeneity map work very well at 3 Tesla MRI system. With the proposed higher order shimming and localized higher order shimming techniques, high resolution spiral-scan images are successfully obtained at 3 T MRI system.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-271
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of generative concept maps according to learning achievements and cognitive load. A total of 78 students in the first grade of middle school participated in this study. Before the experimental treatment was implemented, students had to fill out a questionnaire assessing prior knowledge. The study was designed where all the students were presented the same learning contents regarding photosynthesis; however, the two experimental groups were provided with different concept map methods: a learner-generative concept map (GCM) and an instructor-provided concept map (PCM). GCM students were asked to make a concept map by themselves in small groups while they are reading material. PCM students were instructed to study in small groups in order to read the material; however, they were provided a concept map developed by their teacher. The control group (CG) had the teacher present the learning contents in traditional lecture format with no accompanying concept map. The results show that there were significant differences in the achievements among the groups. CG showed higher achievement than both the experimental groups. There was also a significant difference in cognitive load. Although the GCM group did not obtain higher achievement than the other groups, the GCM group showed higher mental effort and lower physical fatigue than the other groups. The GCM group might have invested more effort to find and connect ideas when drawing their concept map with peers which is unlike the conditions for the PCM group and CG. In conclusion, we should consider applying GCM in teaching and learning design in order to increase learning achievement and decrease extraneous cognitive load.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2005

Though Digital Map Ver. 2.0 is adequate to GIS, the possibility to gain information from its external form and the ease of producing paper map had retrogressed. In this research, concerned with the problems, we plan to make Digital Map Ver. 2.0, which satisfies the conditions of GIS. It will have geometrical and logical data structure, and also possess informative ability as much as that of Ver. 1.0. For the study, the process to analyze the topographic code, color, code priority order, etc. of paper relief map, digital map Ver. 1.0, and digital map Ver. 2.0 was taken. For the topographical feature with diverse expression, we changed the portrayal of digital map Ver. 2.0 to make it fit the regulations of map portrayal. At the point of topographic code priority order, the rule is to arrange them in the same order as the real territory. However, we made a special code in the case of any change of the locational order. According to the property of this study, we observe the regulations of map portrayal, for the elements related to subjective sense, such as colors. And we give priority on the data construction when the portrayal of topographical feature and the schema of GIS database system are contradictory.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.11-13
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• 2008

This study proposes the method to use existing digital maps as one of the technologies to exclude individual differences that occur in the process of manually determining GCP for the geometric correction of KOMPSAT images and applying it to the images and to automate the generation of ortho-images. It is known that, in case high-resolution satellite images are corrected geometrically by using RPC, first order polynomials are generally applied as the correction formula in order to obtain good results. In this study, we matched the corresponding objects between 1:25,000 digital map and a KOMPSAT image to obtain the coefficients of the zero order polynomial and showed the differences in the pixel locations obtained through the matching. We performed proximity corrections using the Boolean operation between the point data of the surface linear objects and the point data of the edge objects of the image. The surface linear objects are road, water, building from topographic map.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

The digital map version 2.0 is national base map which is used for frame work data, paper map making as well as geographic information system. National Geographic Institude has been research to make small scale digital map by using large scale digital map. NGI made from 25 1/5,000 digital maps to one 1/25,000 digital map ver 2.0 with map generalization system in 2003. However, they could not make 1/10,000 and l/50,000 digital map version 2.0 because of There is no portrayal on the scale 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 digital map in the existing regulations. therefore. We create the specification of the digital map on scale in order to make small scale digital map version 2.0 such as 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 scale.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.717-727
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• 2013

In this paper, we study on a higher order extremal problem relating the Ahlfors map associated to the pair of a finitely connected domain in the complex plane and a point there. We show the power of the Ahlfors map with some error term which is conformally equivalent maximizes any higher order derivative of holomorphic functions at the given point in the domain.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.213-221
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• 2024

A family of sixth-order multiple-root solver have been developed and the special case of weight function is investigated. The dynamical analysis of selected iterative schemes with uniparametric polynomial weight function are studied using Möbius conjugacy map applied to the form ((z - A)(z - B))^m and the stability surfaces of the strange fixed points for the conjugacy map are displayed. The numerical results are shown through various parameter spaces.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.5 s.311
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• pp.12-21
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a technique for extracting attentive objects in images using feature maps, regardless of the complexity of images and the position of objects. The proposed method uses feature maps with edge and color information in order to extract attentive objects. We also propose a reference map which is created by integrating feature maps. In order to create a reference map, feature maps which represent visually attentive regions in images are constructed. Three feature maps including edge map, CbCr map and H map are utilized. These maps contain the information about boundary regions by the difference of intensity or colors. Then the combination map which represents the meaningful boundary is created by integrating the reference map and feature maps. Since the combination map simply represents the boundary of objects we extract the candidate object regions including meaningful boundaries from the combination map. In order to extract candidate object regions, we use the convex hull algorithm. By applying a segmentation algorithm to the area of candidate regions to separate object regions and background regions, real object regions are extracted from the candidate object regions. Experiment results show that the proposed method extracts the attentive regions and attentive objects efficiently, with 84.3% Precision rate and 81.3% recall rate.